Butane Market by Product Type (Compressed, Liquefied), Purity Grade (Commercial Grade, Medical Grade, Technical Grade), Distribution Channel, Application, End User - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Butane Market was valued at USD 77.84 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 83.54 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 7.42%, reaching USD 138.10 billion by 2032.
A clear and actionable orientation to the current butane sector dynamics covering product vectors, regulatory inflections, and operational drivers
The executive summary opens with a concise orientation to the butane sector, clarifying the product forms, purity distinctions, principal applications, and primary distribution channels that define current industry dynamics. It frames butane not only as a commodity hydrocarbon with traditional roles in heating, cooking and fuel applications, but also as a strategic feedstock and propellant whose value is increasingly shaped by supply chain resilience, regulatory environments, and evolving end-user requirements. Contextualizing recent supply disruptions and policy shifts provides a baseline for understanding competitive posture and investment priorities.
Following this orientation, the report emphasizes the intersections between technology, logistics, and end-market demand. Shifts in refrigeration technologies, aerosol formulation standards, and the selective expansion of butane use in specific industrial processes have all contributed to a more segmented commercial landscape. Moreover, the introduction of alternative energy sources and increased scrutiny on handling and distribution practices have catalyzed operational changes among producers, distributors, and large-scale buyers. This introduction establishes the analytic lens used throughout the subsequent sections, centering on actionable intelligence, risk indicators, and strategic levers that stakeholders can employ to adapt to near-term disruptions and medium-term structural change.
How regulatory pressure, technological modernization, and supply-chain digitization are jointly recasting competitive dynamics and investment priorities in the butane market
The industry landscape is undergoing transformative shifts driven by regulatory rebalancing, technological adaptation, and strategic supply-chain realignments that together redefine competitive advantage. Regulatory developments at national and subnational levels are raising compliance thresholds for storage, transport and usage of hydrocarbon gases, prompting investment in upgraded infrastructure and enhanced safety protocols. These compliance imperatives are reshaping the cost structures of smaller distributors while accelerating consolidation among larger players able to amortize capital investments across broader volumes.
Technological changes are also pivotal. Advances in compression and liquefaction processes, enhanced monitoring systems for leak detection, and more efficient cylinder designs are improving handling efficiency and safety, thereby expanding viable end uses in sensitive applications such as medical-grade supply and specialty industrial processes. At the same time, the digitization of logistics-through telematics, predictive maintenance, and real-time inventory management-has improved responsiveness across supply chains, reducing stockouts and enabling more sophisticated contract structures between producers and end users. Market participants who prioritize capital investment in technology and compliance capabilities are likely to strengthen relationships with high-value customers and secure longer-term contracts, while those who delay will face margin pressure and attrition of their customer bases.
The cascading effects of 2025 tariff changes on procurement strategies, logistical architectures, and regional supply resilience in the butane trade
Tariff adjustments and trade policy shifts introduced in 2025 have materially influenced cross-border flows of liquefied and compressed hydrocarbon products, creating immediate operational friction and longer-term reorientation of sourcing strategies. Increased import duties and administrative requirements have prompted buyers to reassess supplier portfolios and contractual terms, with many favoring more proximate sources to mitigate added costs and delivery uncertainty. This geographic rebalancing has increased demand elasticity in certain corridors while amplifying logistical complexity for multinational procurement organizations that previously relied on global arbitrage.
Consequently, companies have adapted by diversifying supplier bases, negotiating longer-term forward contracts with flexible delivery clauses, and exploring regional storage hubs to buffer volatility. For distributors and trading houses, these tariff-induced distortions have raised the value of localized storage and blending capabilities that can accommodate variations in product form and purity. Over time, trade policy has also incentivized investments in domestic processing capacity in jurisdictions seeking to reduce import exposure, thereby shifting the strategic calculus for capital deployment and collaboration between energy producers, industrial end users, and logistics providers.
Deep segmentation insight connecting product formats, purity tiers, application requirements, end-user profiles, and distribution channels to refine commercial strategy
Product type distinctions between compressed and liquefied formats determine transport economics, storage requirements, and suitability for specific applications, influencing commercial agreements and handling protocols. Purity gradations-commercial grade, medical grade, and technical grade-create separate value pools and compliance frameworks; medical grade supplies require enhanced documentation, chain-of-custody verification, and quality assurance measures that differentiate them from broader industrial streams. Application-level segmentation shapes demand characteristics: aerosol propellant uses prioritize consistency and compatibility with formulation chemistries, cooking and heating applications emphasize cost-effectiveness and cylinder availability, while motor fuel and refrigerant uses impose distinct performance and regulatory considerations.
End-user segmentation further nuances market behavior, as commercial buyers have purchasing patterns and contract structures that differ from residential consumers, and industrial demand introduces larger, more specialized procurement cycles. Within industrial end users, automotive, manufacturing, and petrochemical sectors each present differing tolerances for purity, delivery cadence, and contractual complexity, leading suppliers to tailor service offerings and technical support. Distribution channel choices-direct sales, distributors, and online retail-affect margin models and customer touchpoints, with direct sales enabling bespoke contract terms for large buyers, distributors providing reach and inventory buffering for regional markets, and online retail expanding accessibility for residential segments and smaller commercial purchasers. Taken together, these interlocking segmentation layers require actors to align product form, quality assurance, logistic capacity, and commercial strategy to meet differentiated customer expectations and regulatory obligations.
How regional regulatory regimes, infrastructure maturity, and end-user mixes across major global regions are reshaping supply strategies and investment priorities
Regional dynamics shape supply chain design, regulatory exposure, and end-user demand patterns across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific, each presenting distinct operational and strategic implications. In the Americas, proximity to feedstock sources and established logistics networks supports flexible trade flows and a broad mix of residential, commercial, and industrial consumption patterns. This region also manifests varied regulatory regimes, requiring granular compliance strategies that account for state and provincial differences in handling and storage rules.
Europe, Middle East & Africa combine mature markets with stringent safety and environmental standards alongside emerging consumption hubs. This blend drives demand for higher-purity products in medical and specialized industrial applications while also creating opportunities for suppliers that can navigate complex cross-border regulations and certification regimes. The Asia-Pacific region is characterized by rapid industrialization in select economies, robust growth in urban residential demand, and investments in storage and distribution to support energy security objectives. Across these regions, logistics capabilities, regulatory frameworks, and end-user composition determine which strategic actions-such as investing in local processing, building inventory hubs, or forming regional partnerships-will most effectively secure supply continuity and commercial positioning.
Profiles of market-leading participants emphasizing vertical integration, quality certification, logistics partnerships, and differentiated commercial models
Leading industry participants demonstrate a combination of scale in production and distribution, investment in compliance and safety, and evolving commercial models that emphasize integrated service offerings. Vertically integrated firms that manage upstream feedstock access, midstream processing, and downstream distribution are positioned to offer reliable supply with optimized cost structures, while specialized distributors focus on service excellence, rapid delivery, and localized inventory management to serve niche segments. Companies active in medical-grade butane differentiate through rigorous quality systems, traceability, and certification capabilities that command premium positioning in healthcare and laboratory channels.
Across the competitive landscape, alliances and long-term offtake agreements have become more common as buyers seek contractual certainty. Strategic partnerships with logistics providers and technology vendors enable real-time tracking and improved safety reporting, which in turn supports higher service-level agreements for critical customers. Meanwhile, smaller regional operators often compete on agility and customer relationships, providing tailored cylinder exchange programs, rapid-response maintenance, and flexible credit terms. Collectively, these strategic behaviors illustrate a market moving toward specialization by application and consolidation by capability, with successful companies combining operational excellence with targeted investments in safety, traceability, and customer-centric service models.
Practical and prioritized strategic moves for supply security, regulatory compliance, and customer-centric differentiation to safeguard margins and growth
Industry leaders should prioritize a set of pragmatic actions to protect margins, secure supply chains, and capture differentiated demand. First, invest in compliance and safety upgrades across storage and transport assets to meet evolving regulatory standards and reduce the likelihood of operational disruptions. Second, develop flexible sourcing strategies that combine long-term supply agreements with regional buffer inventories to absorb trade-policy shocks and logistical delays. These measures, when combined, strengthen resilience while preserving commercial agility.
Third, pursue investments in digital logistics and quality-traceability systems that provide real-time visibility into inventory location, purity profiles, and cylinder lifecycle, thereby enabling higher service levels and reducing shrinkage. Fourth, segment customer engagement strategies by aligning product form and purity with application-specific service offerings, ensuring that medical, industrial, and residential channels receive appropriately tailored contracts and technical support. Finally, explore collaborative ventures with strategic logistics partners and selected end users to co-develop storage hubs or local processing capacity; such partnerships can mitigate tariff exposure and position participants to respond quickly to region-specific demand surges. Executed together, these recommendations provide a balanced approach to managing near-term volatility while building competitive differentiation over the medium term.
A transparent mixed-methods research approach combining primary stakeholder interviews, logistics data analysis, and regulatory review to ensure actionable insight
The research underpinning this analysis synthesizes primary interviews with supply chain managers, procurement leads, safety and compliance officers, and technical specialists across producer, distributor, and end-user organizations, complemented by a systematic review of regulatory filings, trade policy announcements, and industry standards. Quantitative shipment and logistics datasets were analyzed to identify shifts in routing, lead times, and inventory holdings, while qualitative case studies illuminated how specific firms adapted to recent tariff and regulatory changes. Triangulating these inputs enhanced confidence in observed trends and highlighted practical implications for stakeholders.
Rigorous data validation procedures were applied to ensure consistency and reliability; source inputs underwent cross-verification and reconciliation where discrepancies were identified. The methodology prioritized actionable intelligence, focusing on operational levers and contractual structures that influence supply continuity, cost exposure, and product quality. Limitations include variable disclosure across private firms and the lag-time inherent in public regulatory records; nonetheless, the applied mixed-method approach yields grounded insights useful for executive decision-making and tactical planning.
Closing synthesis highlighting the strategic imperatives for operational resilience, differentiated service models, and adaptive sourcing to drive competitive advantage
In conclusion, the butane sector is at a strategic inflection point where regulatory evolution, trade policy shifts, and technological modernization converge to create both risk and opportunity. Companies that accelerate investments in compliance, digital logistics, and targeted partnerships will bolster supply reliability and deepen customer relationships, while actors who remain reactive to change risk margin erosion and loss of strategic customers. The interplay between product form, purity requirements, application demand, and distribution channels necessitates a nuanced approach that matches technical capability with commercial design.
Ultimately, success will favor organizations that integrate operational resilience with differentiated service offerings tailored to high-value end users, maintain flexible sourcing to adapt to tariff-induced disruptions, and leverage data-driven logistics to optimize inventory and delivery performance. By aligning capital allocation and commercial strategy with these imperatives, industry participants can navigate near-term volatility and build enduring competitive advantages rooted in reliability, quality, and customer-centric execution.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A clear and actionable orientation to the current butane sector dynamics covering product vectors, regulatory inflections, and operational drivers
The executive summary opens with a concise orientation to the butane sector, clarifying the product forms, purity distinctions, principal applications, and primary distribution channels that define current industry dynamics. It frames butane not only as a commodity hydrocarbon with traditional roles in heating, cooking and fuel applications, but also as a strategic feedstock and propellant whose value is increasingly shaped by supply chain resilience, regulatory environments, and evolving end-user requirements. Contextualizing recent supply disruptions and policy shifts provides a baseline for understanding competitive posture and investment priorities.
Following this orientation, the report emphasizes the intersections between technology, logistics, and end-market demand. Shifts in refrigeration technologies, aerosol formulation standards, and the selective expansion of butane use in specific industrial processes have all contributed to a more segmented commercial landscape. Moreover, the introduction of alternative energy sources and increased scrutiny on handling and distribution practices have catalyzed operational changes among producers, distributors, and large-scale buyers. This introduction establishes the analytic lens used throughout the subsequent sections, centering on actionable intelligence, risk indicators, and strategic levers that stakeholders can employ to adapt to near-term disruptions and medium-term structural change.
How regulatory pressure, technological modernization, and supply-chain digitization are jointly recasting competitive dynamics and investment priorities in the butane market
The industry landscape is undergoing transformative shifts driven by regulatory rebalancing, technological adaptation, and strategic supply-chain realignments that together redefine competitive advantage. Regulatory developments at national and subnational levels are raising compliance thresholds for storage, transport and usage of hydrocarbon gases, prompting investment in upgraded infrastructure and enhanced safety protocols. These compliance imperatives are reshaping the cost structures of smaller distributors while accelerating consolidation among larger players able to amortize capital investments across broader volumes.
Technological changes are also pivotal. Advances in compression and liquefaction processes, enhanced monitoring systems for leak detection, and more efficient cylinder designs are improving handling efficiency and safety, thereby expanding viable end uses in sensitive applications such as medical-grade supply and specialty industrial processes. At the same time, the digitization of logistics-through telematics, predictive maintenance, and real-time inventory management-has improved responsiveness across supply chains, reducing stockouts and enabling more sophisticated contract structures between producers and end users. Market participants who prioritize capital investment in technology and compliance capabilities are likely to strengthen relationships with high-value customers and secure longer-term contracts, while those who delay will face margin pressure and attrition of their customer bases.
The cascading effects of 2025 tariff changes on procurement strategies, logistical architectures, and regional supply resilience in the butane trade
Tariff adjustments and trade policy shifts introduced in 2025 have materially influenced cross-border flows of liquefied and compressed hydrocarbon products, creating immediate operational friction and longer-term reorientation of sourcing strategies. Increased import duties and administrative requirements have prompted buyers to reassess supplier portfolios and contractual terms, with many favoring more proximate sources to mitigate added costs and delivery uncertainty. This geographic rebalancing has increased demand elasticity in certain corridors while amplifying logistical complexity for multinational procurement organizations that previously relied on global arbitrage.
Consequently, companies have adapted by diversifying supplier bases, negotiating longer-term forward contracts with flexible delivery clauses, and exploring regional storage hubs to buffer volatility. For distributors and trading houses, these tariff-induced distortions have raised the value of localized storage and blending capabilities that can accommodate variations in product form and purity. Over time, trade policy has also incentivized investments in domestic processing capacity in jurisdictions seeking to reduce import exposure, thereby shifting the strategic calculus for capital deployment and collaboration between energy producers, industrial end users, and logistics providers.
Deep segmentation insight connecting product formats, purity tiers, application requirements, end-user profiles, and distribution channels to refine commercial strategy
Product type distinctions between compressed and liquefied formats determine transport economics, storage requirements, and suitability for specific applications, influencing commercial agreements and handling protocols. Purity gradations-commercial grade, medical grade, and technical grade-create separate value pools and compliance frameworks; medical grade supplies require enhanced documentation, chain-of-custody verification, and quality assurance measures that differentiate them from broader industrial streams. Application-level segmentation shapes demand characteristics: aerosol propellant uses prioritize consistency and compatibility with formulation chemistries, cooking and heating applications emphasize cost-effectiveness and cylinder availability, while motor fuel and refrigerant uses impose distinct performance and regulatory considerations.
End-user segmentation further nuances market behavior, as commercial buyers have purchasing patterns and contract structures that differ from residential consumers, and industrial demand introduces larger, more specialized procurement cycles. Within industrial end users, automotive, manufacturing, and petrochemical sectors each present differing tolerances for purity, delivery cadence, and contractual complexity, leading suppliers to tailor service offerings and technical support. Distribution channel choices-direct sales, distributors, and online retail-affect margin models and customer touchpoints, with direct sales enabling bespoke contract terms for large buyers, distributors providing reach and inventory buffering for regional markets, and online retail expanding accessibility for residential segments and smaller commercial purchasers. Taken together, these interlocking segmentation layers require actors to align product form, quality assurance, logistic capacity, and commercial strategy to meet differentiated customer expectations and regulatory obligations.
How regional regulatory regimes, infrastructure maturity, and end-user mixes across major global regions are reshaping supply strategies and investment priorities
Regional dynamics shape supply chain design, regulatory exposure, and end-user demand patterns across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific, each presenting distinct operational and strategic implications. In the Americas, proximity to feedstock sources and established logistics networks supports flexible trade flows and a broad mix of residential, commercial, and industrial consumption patterns. This region also manifests varied regulatory regimes, requiring granular compliance strategies that account for state and provincial differences in handling and storage rules.
Europe, Middle East & Africa combine mature markets with stringent safety and environmental standards alongside emerging consumption hubs. This blend drives demand for higher-purity products in medical and specialized industrial applications while also creating opportunities for suppliers that can navigate complex cross-border regulations and certification regimes. The Asia-Pacific region is characterized by rapid industrialization in select economies, robust growth in urban residential demand, and investments in storage and distribution to support energy security objectives. Across these regions, logistics capabilities, regulatory frameworks, and end-user composition determine which strategic actions-such as investing in local processing, building inventory hubs, or forming regional partnerships-will most effectively secure supply continuity and commercial positioning.
Profiles of market-leading participants emphasizing vertical integration, quality certification, logistics partnerships, and differentiated commercial models
Leading industry participants demonstrate a combination of scale in production and distribution, investment in compliance and safety, and evolving commercial models that emphasize integrated service offerings. Vertically integrated firms that manage upstream feedstock access, midstream processing, and downstream distribution are positioned to offer reliable supply with optimized cost structures, while specialized distributors focus on service excellence, rapid delivery, and localized inventory management to serve niche segments. Companies active in medical-grade butane differentiate through rigorous quality systems, traceability, and certification capabilities that command premium positioning in healthcare and laboratory channels.
Across the competitive landscape, alliances and long-term offtake agreements have become more common as buyers seek contractual certainty. Strategic partnerships with logistics providers and technology vendors enable real-time tracking and improved safety reporting, which in turn supports higher service-level agreements for critical customers. Meanwhile, smaller regional operators often compete on agility and customer relationships, providing tailored cylinder exchange programs, rapid-response maintenance, and flexible credit terms. Collectively, these strategic behaviors illustrate a market moving toward specialization by application and consolidation by capability, with successful companies combining operational excellence with targeted investments in safety, traceability, and customer-centric service models.
Practical and prioritized strategic moves for supply security, regulatory compliance, and customer-centric differentiation to safeguard margins and growth
Industry leaders should prioritize a set of pragmatic actions to protect margins, secure supply chains, and capture differentiated demand. First, invest in compliance and safety upgrades across storage and transport assets to meet evolving regulatory standards and reduce the likelihood of operational disruptions. Second, develop flexible sourcing strategies that combine long-term supply agreements with regional buffer inventories to absorb trade-policy shocks and logistical delays. These measures, when combined, strengthen resilience while preserving commercial agility.
Third, pursue investments in digital logistics and quality-traceability systems that provide real-time visibility into inventory location, purity profiles, and cylinder lifecycle, thereby enabling higher service levels and reducing shrinkage. Fourth, segment customer engagement strategies by aligning product form and purity with application-specific service offerings, ensuring that medical, industrial, and residential channels receive appropriately tailored contracts and technical support. Finally, explore collaborative ventures with strategic logistics partners and selected end users to co-develop storage hubs or local processing capacity; such partnerships can mitigate tariff exposure and position participants to respond quickly to region-specific demand surges. Executed together, these recommendations provide a balanced approach to managing near-term volatility while building competitive differentiation over the medium term.
A transparent mixed-methods research approach combining primary stakeholder interviews, logistics data analysis, and regulatory review to ensure actionable insight
The research underpinning this analysis synthesizes primary interviews with supply chain managers, procurement leads, safety and compliance officers, and technical specialists across producer, distributor, and end-user organizations, complemented by a systematic review of regulatory filings, trade policy announcements, and industry standards. Quantitative shipment and logistics datasets were analyzed to identify shifts in routing, lead times, and inventory holdings, while qualitative case studies illuminated how specific firms adapted to recent tariff and regulatory changes. Triangulating these inputs enhanced confidence in observed trends and highlighted practical implications for stakeholders.
Rigorous data validation procedures were applied to ensure consistency and reliability; source inputs underwent cross-verification and reconciliation where discrepancies were identified. The methodology prioritized actionable intelligence, focusing on operational levers and contractual structures that influence supply continuity, cost exposure, and product quality. Limitations include variable disclosure across private firms and the lag-time inherent in public regulatory records; nonetheless, the applied mixed-method approach yields grounded insights useful for executive decision-making and tactical planning.
Closing synthesis highlighting the strategic imperatives for operational resilience, differentiated service models, and adaptive sourcing to drive competitive advantage
In conclusion, the butane sector is at a strategic inflection point where regulatory evolution, trade policy shifts, and technological modernization converge to create both risk and opportunity. Companies that accelerate investments in compliance, digital logistics, and targeted partnerships will bolster supply reliability and deepen customer relationships, while actors who remain reactive to change risk margin erosion and loss of strategic customers. The interplay between product form, purity requirements, application demand, and distribution channels necessitates a nuanced approach that matches technical capability with commercial design.
Ultimately, success will favor organizations that integrate operational resilience with differentiated service offerings tailored to high-value end users, maintain flexible sourcing to adapt to tariff-induced disruptions, and leverage data-driven logistics to optimize inventory and delivery performance. By aligning capital allocation and commercial strategy with these imperatives, industry participants can navigate near-term volatility and build enduring competitive advantages rooted in reliability, quality, and customer-centric execution.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
191 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Rising demand for fuel-grade butane as petrochemical feedstock in Asia Pacific markets
- 5.2. Impact of stricter environmental regulations on butane flaring and emission controls
- 5.3. Increased liquefied petroleum gas blending driving growth in motor fuel butane usage
- 5.4. Volatility in butane pricing driven by geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions
- 5.5. Expansion of North American shale gas output boosting domestic butane production capacity
- 5.6. Growing interest in renewable LPG alternatives challenging conventional butane demand trajectories
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Butane Market, by Product Type
- 8.1. Compressed
- 8.2. Liquefied
- 9. Butane Market, by Purity Grade
- 9.1. Commercial Grade
- 9.2. Medical Grade
- 9.3. Technical Grade
- 10. Butane Market, by Distribution Channel
- 10.1. Direct Sales
- 10.2. Distributors
- 10.3. Online Retail
- 11. Butane Market, by Application
- 11.1. Aerosol Propellant
- 11.2. Cooking
- 11.3. Heating
- 11.4. Motor Fuel
- 11.5. Refrigerant
- 12. Butane Market, by End User
- 12.1. Commercial
- 12.2. Industrial
- 12.2.1. Automotive
- 12.2.2. Manufacturing
- 12.2.3. Petrochemical
- 12.3. Residential
- 13. Butane Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. Butane Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. Butane Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. BP p.l.c.
- 16.3.2. Chevron Corporation
- 16.3.3. China National Petroleum Corporation
- 16.3.4. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
- 16.3.5. ConocoPhillips
- 16.3.6. Exxon Mobil Corporation
- 16.3.7. Gazprom PJSC
- 16.3.8. Marathon Petroleum Corporation
- 16.3.9. PetroChina Company Limited
- 16.3.10. Petroliam Nasional Berhad
- 16.3.11. Phillips 66 Company
- 16.3.12. Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- 16.3.13. Shell plc
- 16.3.14. TotalEnergies SE
- 16.3.15. Valero Energy Corporation
- 16.3.16. Vitol SA
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