Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market by Test Type (Dynamic, Static), Drive Type (Electric, Electrodynamic, Hydraulic), Capacity, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market was valued at USD 440.05 million in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 459.75 million in 2025, with a CAGR of 4.50%, reaching USD 626.24 million by 2032.
A focused strategic overview positioning torsion test bench priorities within contemporary engineering validation, procurement, and lifecycle decision frameworks
This introduction establishes the strategic context for manufacturers, test engineers, procurement executives, and research organizations that rely on robust torsion testing capabilities to validate driveline and transmission components. The modern automotive environment demands high-fidelity test benches that reproduce complex torque, cyclic loading, and transient behaviors; as a result, engineering teams are prioritizing systems that deliver repeatable performance under both static and dynamic regimes. In parallel, the rise of electrified powertrains and increased emphasis on NVH and durability have elevated the technical expectations for torsion testing equipment, driving investment decisions that balance technical specificity and operational flexibility.
Beyond laboratory requirements, procurement stakeholders must consider lifecycle serviceability, calibration traceability, and interoperability with data acquisition and simulation ecosystems. When interpreted together, these operational priorities define procurement criteria that extend beyond capital cost to include total cost of ownership, data integrity, and integration timelines. This report illuminates those decision drivers, highlighting how design intent, validation scope, and end-user requirements converge to shape the specification and adoption of torsion test bench solutions.
A concise synthesis of the transformative technological, regulatory, and supply chain shifts redefining torsion test bench design, procurement, and operational roles
The landscape for torsion test benches is evolving through a set of transformative shifts that reflect broader changes across automotive engineering, manufacturing, and policy environments. Digitalization has accelerated the integration of advanced data acquisition, model-based systems engineering, and digital twin workflows, allowing test benches to serve as both verification platforms and high-fidelity inputs to virtual validation loops. Concurrently, electrification and the proliferation of high-torque electric drivetrains have changed the mechanical and thermal loading profiles test rigs must replicate, prompting investment in higher-capacity actuators, improved torque measurement fidelity, and enhanced safety protocols.
Supply chain dynamics and a heightened focus on sustainability are also reshaping procurement strategies; organizations prefer modular, upgradeable benches that reduce material waste and extend useful life through retrofit pathways. Regulatory and standards development has further pushed for traceable calibration and reproducible test methods, increasing demand for benches that support standardized protocols and automated test sequences. Taken together, these shifts are driving suppliers to innovate not only in hardware performance but also in software ecosystems, services, and lifecycle support, thereby transforming torsion test benches from standalone tools into integrated elements of the vehicle validation lifecycle.
An analytical review of how policy-driven tariff adjustments in 2025 reshaped supply chains, sourcing strategies, and procurement risk management for test bench stakeholders
The introduction of cumulative tariffs and trade policy adjustments in 2025 produced a complex set of operational and strategic pressures across the industrial equipment supply chain. In the short term, manufacturers and suppliers experienced immediate cost pressures tied to raw materials, components, and cross-border logistics, which in turn elevated emphasis on sourcing resilience and nearshoring as practical mitigations. Over time, these policy shifts incentivized a re-evaluation of supplier geographies, encouraging buyers to prioritize vendors with regional manufacturing footprints or established local service networks to reduce exposure to tariff volatility and to secure faster time-to-service for high-value test assets.
Strategic responses included increasing the modularity of bench designs to enable more components to be sourced locally, expanding service and spare-part inventories in critical regions, and negotiating long-term supplier agreements that deliver price stability and supply certainty. Research and development teams also reconsidered material and subassembly choices to reduce reliance on tariff-impacted inputs while preserving test fidelity. Importantly, procurement and engineering stakeholders collaborated more closely to balance technical specifications with supply chain risk, ensuring that validation programs remained on schedule despite the shifting trade environment.
An in-depth segmentation-led analysis revealing how distinct test types, drive technologies, end-user needs, application domains, and capacity tiers dictate bench specification and design choices
Segment-focused insight reveals that test bench requirements differ materially depending on the type of testing, drivetrain characteristics, intended end users, application domain, and capacity thresholds. For test type, distinctions between dynamic and static testing drive divergent specifications: dynamic test benches must support high-bandwidth data capture, precise control of cyclic loading, and robust thermal management, whereas static benches emphasize sustained torque application with minimal drift and high-precision torque transducers. Drive type segmentation between electric, electrodynamic, and hydraulic influences actuator selection and control architectures; electric and electrodynamic systems typically demand high-frequency control and rapid transient response, while hydraulic systems are chosen for high-capacity, continuous torque scenarios.
End-user considerations vary as aftermarket, OEM, and research institutes each prioritize different aspects of bench performance and support. Aftermarket users often seek cost-effective, easy-to-maintain systems for validation across a wide range of component variants, while OEMs require tightly integrated solutions with traceable calibration and compatibility with in-house validation workflows. Research institutes prioritize configurability, extensible measurement channels, and open interfaces for experimental protocols. Application-driven segmentation between driveline components and transmission shafts defines fixture design, measurement points, and torque-transfer methodologies. Finally, capacity segmentation into high, medium, and low tiers determines choices around actuator sizing, frame stiffness, and safety systems. These intersecting segments shape product roadmaps and highlight opportunities for suppliers to offer configurable platforms that can be tailored by test type, drive type, end user, application, and capacity without a complete system redesign.
A regional comparative perspective that maps how Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific each demand distinct bench capabilities, services, and go-to-market approaches
Regional dynamics create differentiated demand patterns and support requirements for torsion test bench solutions, with each major geography exhibiting distinct drivers that influence procurement, after-sales service, and R&D collaborations. In the Americas, mature OEM clusters and a large aftermarket ecosystem create steady demand for both high-capacity benches for heavy-duty components and flexible rigs for aftermarket validation. Supply chain resilience and proximity to service teams are high priorities, encouraging suppliers to maintain regional service hubs and strong spare-part logistics.
In Europe, Middle East & Africa, stringent regulatory frameworks, advanced materials research, and a dense network of tier-one suppliers drive requirements for high-precision measurement and interoperability with simulation workflows. The region's strong research institute presence also sustains demand for configurable platforms that support diverse experimental protocols. Meanwhile, Asia-Pacific demonstrates a mix of rapid industrialization, significant EV manufacturing scale-up, and cost-sensitive procurement approaches; buyers here often look for scalable benches that balance performance with affordability, and suppliers frequently respond with localized manufacturing and integrated financing models. Each regional context shapes the competitive dynamics, with suppliers tailoring offerings to meet local regulatory, technical, and commercial expectations.
A detailed assessment of how leading suppliers are leveraging modular architectures, software ecosystems, and service excellence to secure durable competitive advantage
Key company-level insights highlight how leading suppliers differentiate through technology platforms, service models, and strategic partnerships. Market participants that prioritize modular architectures and software-driven control systems have an edge in serving diverse end users because these architectures allow incremental upgrades and integration with enterprise validation ecosystems. Companies that invest in remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and integrated digital twins create additional value by reducing downtime and accelerating test cycles.
Strategic partnerships between bench manufacturers and measurement, control, or simulation software vendors create bundled solutions that simplify integration for OEMs and research organizations. Service excellence-measured through fast spare-part delivery, regional calibration capabilities, and flexible maintenance contracts-remains a primary differentiator, especially for high-capacity benches where downtime carries substantial program risk. Additionally, firms that offer configurable financing or rental options can capture demand among aftermarket players and smaller research institutions that lack large capital budgets. Collectively, these company-level strategies underscore the importance of aligning hardware innovation with software ecosystems and service delivery models to win long-term customer relationships.
A concise set of pragmatic, high-impact strategic recommendations for suppliers and end-users to accelerate adoption, reduce risk, and extract greater value from test bench investments
Industry leaders should pursue an actionable playbook that balances product innovation, supply chain resilience, and customer-centric services to capture rising validation demands. First, prioritize modular bench architectures and open software interfaces so that upgrades addressing electrification or higher-capacity requirements can be deployed without full system replacement. This reduces customer total cost of ownership while creating recurrent upgrade revenue streams. Second, strengthen regional service footprints and spare-part reservoirs in key manufacturing hubs to mitigate tariff-driven supply risks and reduce mean time to repair for mission-critical assets.
Third, integrate predictive maintenance and remote diagnostics into the standard offering to minimize unplanned downtime and provide measurable uptime guarantees. Fourth, establish strategic partnerships with measurement and simulation vendors to deliver pre-integrated solutions that shorten deployment timelines for OEMs and research institutes. Fifth, offer flexible commercial models-leasing, pay-per-use, or subscription-based software-to broaden accessibility, especially among aftermarket players and smaller labs. By implementing these measures, industry leaders can align their product roadmaps with procurement realities and accelerate adoption across diverse end users.
A transparent, multi-source research methodology combining stakeholder interviews, technical synthesis, and comparative case validation to ensure actionable and reproducible insights
The research methodology underpinning these insights combines primary stakeholder interviews, technical literature synthesis, and cross-functional validation to ensure robust conclusions. Primary inputs include structured interviews with design engineers, test laboratory managers, procurement leads, and service technicians who operate or specify torsion test benches, supplemented by technical white papers and standards documentation. The analysis integrates qualitative assessments of product architectures, service models, and supply chain practices, and then cross-references those findings against documented industry trends in electrification, digitalization, and regulatory development.
To enhance rigor, the methodology applies comparative case reviews of recent bench deployments across different end users and geographies, extracting lessons about integration challenges, service experiences, and upgrade pathways. Throughout the process, findings were triangulated through multiple sources to reduce single-source bias and to surface practical recommendations that reflect both technical feasibility and commercial realities. This approach ensures that the insights offered are actionable, technically grounded, and aligned with the priorities of engineering and procurement stakeholders.
A decisive synthesis outlining how modularity, digital integration, and service resilience will determine supplier and end-user success in torsion test bench validation
In conclusion, the torsion test bench domain is at an inflection point where technological, regulatory, and commercial forces converge to redefine what customers expect from validation platforms. The combination of electrified drivetrains, accelerated digital integration, and shifting trade policy requires suppliers to deliver not only performance upgrades but also robust service ecosystems and flexible commercial terms. Decision-makers in OEMs, aftermarket firms, and research institutes must weigh technical specifications against lifecycle support, integration with digital twins and simulation environments, and resilience to supply chain disruption.
Ultimately, suppliers that adopt modular, software-enabled platforms and that invest in regional service capabilities will be best positioned to meet evolving validation needs. Conversely, organizations that fail to adapt may find their solutions marginalized as customers demand higher fidelity, faster deployment, and lower operational risk. The path forward favors collaboration between hardware innovators, software vendors, and service providers to deliver integrated offerings that accelerate development cycles and reduce validation uncertainties for complex driveline and transmission systems.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A focused strategic overview positioning torsion test bench priorities within contemporary engineering validation, procurement, and lifecycle decision frameworks
This introduction establishes the strategic context for manufacturers, test engineers, procurement executives, and research organizations that rely on robust torsion testing capabilities to validate driveline and transmission components. The modern automotive environment demands high-fidelity test benches that reproduce complex torque, cyclic loading, and transient behaviors; as a result, engineering teams are prioritizing systems that deliver repeatable performance under both static and dynamic regimes. In parallel, the rise of electrified powertrains and increased emphasis on NVH and durability have elevated the technical expectations for torsion testing equipment, driving investment decisions that balance technical specificity and operational flexibility.
Beyond laboratory requirements, procurement stakeholders must consider lifecycle serviceability, calibration traceability, and interoperability with data acquisition and simulation ecosystems. When interpreted together, these operational priorities define procurement criteria that extend beyond capital cost to include total cost of ownership, data integrity, and integration timelines. This report illuminates those decision drivers, highlighting how design intent, validation scope, and end-user requirements converge to shape the specification and adoption of torsion test bench solutions.
A concise synthesis of the transformative technological, regulatory, and supply chain shifts redefining torsion test bench design, procurement, and operational roles
The landscape for torsion test benches is evolving through a set of transformative shifts that reflect broader changes across automotive engineering, manufacturing, and policy environments. Digitalization has accelerated the integration of advanced data acquisition, model-based systems engineering, and digital twin workflows, allowing test benches to serve as both verification platforms and high-fidelity inputs to virtual validation loops. Concurrently, electrification and the proliferation of high-torque electric drivetrains have changed the mechanical and thermal loading profiles test rigs must replicate, prompting investment in higher-capacity actuators, improved torque measurement fidelity, and enhanced safety protocols.
Supply chain dynamics and a heightened focus on sustainability are also reshaping procurement strategies; organizations prefer modular, upgradeable benches that reduce material waste and extend useful life through retrofit pathways. Regulatory and standards development has further pushed for traceable calibration and reproducible test methods, increasing demand for benches that support standardized protocols and automated test sequences. Taken together, these shifts are driving suppliers to innovate not only in hardware performance but also in software ecosystems, services, and lifecycle support, thereby transforming torsion test benches from standalone tools into integrated elements of the vehicle validation lifecycle.
An analytical review of how policy-driven tariff adjustments in 2025 reshaped supply chains, sourcing strategies, and procurement risk management for test bench stakeholders
The introduction of cumulative tariffs and trade policy adjustments in 2025 produced a complex set of operational and strategic pressures across the industrial equipment supply chain. In the short term, manufacturers and suppliers experienced immediate cost pressures tied to raw materials, components, and cross-border logistics, which in turn elevated emphasis on sourcing resilience and nearshoring as practical mitigations. Over time, these policy shifts incentivized a re-evaluation of supplier geographies, encouraging buyers to prioritize vendors with regional manufacturing footprints or established local service networks to reduce exposure to tariff volatility and to secure faster time-to-service for high-value test assets.
Strategic responses included increasing the modularity of bench designs to enable more components to be sourced locally, expanding service and spare-part inventories in critical regions, and negotiating long-term supplier agreements that deliver price stability and supply certainty. Research and development teams also reconsidered material and subassembly choices to reduce reliance on tariff-impacted inputs while preserving test fidelity. Importantly, procurement and engineering stakeholders collaborated more closely to balance technical specifications with supply chain risk, ensuring that validation programs remained on schedule despite the shifting trade environment.
An in-depth segmentation-led analysis revealing how distinct test types, drive technologies, end-user needs, application domains, and capacity tiers dictate bench specification and design choices
Segment-focused insight reveals that test bench requirements differ materially depending on the type of testing, drivetrain characteristics, intended end users, application domain, and capacity thresholds. For test type, distinctions between dynamic and static testing drive divergent specifications: dynamic test benches must support high-bandwidth data capture, precise control of cyclic loading, and robust thermal management, whereas static benches emphasize sustained torque application with minimal drift and high-precision torque transducers. Drive type segmentation between electric, electrodynamic, and hydraulic influences actuator selection and control architectures; electric and electrodynamic systems typically demand high-frequency control and rapid transient response, while hydraulic systems are chosen for high-capacity, continuous torque scenarios.
End-user considerations vary as aftermarket, OEM, and research institutes each prioritize different aspects of bench performance and support. Aftermarket users often seek cost-effective, easy-to-maintain systems for validation across a wide range of component variants, while OEMs require tightly integrated solutions with traceable calibration and compatibility with in-house validation workflows. Research institutes prioritize configurability, extensible measurement channels, and open interfaces for experimental protocols. Application-driven segmentation between driveline components and transmission shafts defines fixture design, measurement points, and torque-transfer methodologies. Finally, capacity segmentation into high, medium, and low tiers determines choices around actuator sizing, frame stiffness, and safety systems. These intersecting segments shape product roadmaps and highlight opportunities for suppliers to offer configurable platforms that can be tailored by test type, drive type, end user, application, and capacity without a complete system redesign.
A regional comparative perspective that maps how Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific each demand distinct bench capabilities, services, and go-to-market approaches
Regional dynamics create differentiated demand patterns and support requirements for torsion test bench solutions, with each major geography exhibiting distinct drivers that influence procurement, after-sales service, and R&D collaborations. In the Americas, mature OEM clusters and a large aftermarket ecosystem create steady demand for both high-capacity benches for heavy-duty components and flexible rigs for aftermarket validation. Supply chain resilience and proximity to service teams are high priorities, encouraging suppliers to maintain regional service hubs and strong spare-part logistics.
In Europe, Middle East & Africa, stringent regulatory frameworks, advanced materials research, and a dense network of tier-one suppliers drive requirements for high-precision measurement and interoperability with simulation workflows. The region's strong research institute presence also sustains demand for configurable platforms that support diverse experimental protocols. Meanwhile, Asia-Pacific demonstrates a mix of rapid industrialization, significant EV manufacturing scale-up, and cost-sensitive procurement approaches; buyers here often look for scalable benches that balance performance with affordability, and suppliers frequently respond with localized manufacturing and integrated financing models. Each regional context shapes the competitive dynamics, with suppliers tailoring offerings to meet local regulatory, technical, and commercial expectations.
A detailed assessment of how leading suppliers are leveraging modular architectures, software ecosystems, and service excellence to secure durable competitive advantage
Key company-level insights highlight how leading suppliers differentiate through technology platforms, service models, and strategic partnerships. Market participants that prioritize modular architectures and software-driven control systems have an edge in serving diverse end users because these architectures allow incremental upgrades and integration with enterprise validation ecosystems. Companies that invest in remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and integrated digital twins create additional value by reducing downtime and accelerating test cycles.
Strategic partnerships between bench manufacturers and measurement, control, or simulation software vendors create bundled solutions that simplify integration for OEMs and research organizations. Service excellence-measured through fast spare-part delivery, regional calibration capabilities, and flexible maintenance contracts-remains a primary differentiator, especially for high-capacity benches where downtime carries substantial program risk. Additionally, firms that offer configurable financing or rental options can capture demand among aftermarket players and smaller research institutions that lack large capital budgets. Collectively, these company-level strategies underscore the importance of aligning hardware innovation with software ecosystems and service delivery models to win long-term customer relationships.
A concise set of pragmatic, high-impact strategic recommendations for suppliers and end-users to accelerate adoption, reduce risk, and extract greater value from test bench investments
Industry leaders should pursue an actionable playbook that balances product innovation, supply chain resilience, and customer-centric services to capture rising validation demands. First, prioritize modular bench architectures and open software interfaces so that upgrades addressing electrification or higher-capacity requirements can be deployed without full system replacement. This reduces customer total cost of ownership while creating recurrent upgrade revenue streams. Second, strengthen regional service footprints and spare-part reservoirs in key manufacturing hubs to mitigate tariff-driven supply risks and reduce mean time to repair for mission-critical assets.
Third, integrate predictive maintenance and remote diagnostics into the standard offering to minimize unplanned downtime and provide measurable uptime guarantees. Fourth, establish strategic partnerships with measurement and simulation vendors to deliver pre-integrated solutions that shorten deployment timelines for OEMs and research institutes. Fifth, offer flexible commercial models-leasing, pay-per-use, or subscription-based software-to broaden accessibility, especially among aftermarket players and smaller labs. By implementing these measures, industry leaders can align their product roadmaps with procurement realities and accelerate adoption across diverse end users.
A transparent, multi-source research methodology combining stakeholder interviews, technical synthesis, and comparative case validation to ensure actionable and reproducible insights
The research methodology underpinning these insights combines primary stakeholder interviews, technical literature synthesis, and cross-functional validation to ensure robust conclusions. Primary inputs include structured interviews with design engineers, test laboratory managers, procurement leads, and service technicians who operate or specify torsion test benches, supplemented by technical white papers and standards documentation. The analysis integrates qualitative assessments of product architectures, service models, and supply chain practices, and then cross-references those findings against documented industry trends in electrification, digitalization, and regulatory development.
To enhance rigor, the methodology applies comparative case reviews of recent bench deployments across different end users and geographies, extracting lessons about integration challenges, service experiences, and upgrade pathways. Throughout the process, findings were triangulated through multiple sources to reduce single-source bias and to surface practical recommendations that reflect both technical feasibility and commercial realities. This approach ensures that the insights offered are actionable, technically grounded, and aligned with the priorities of engineering and procurement stakeholders.
A decisive synthesis outlining how modularity, digital integration, and service resilience will determine supplier and end-user success in torsion test bench validation
In conclusion, the torsion test bench domain is at an inflection point where technological, regulatory, and commercial forces converge to redefine what customers expect from validation platforms. The combination of electrified drivetrains, accelerated digital integration, and shifting trade policy requires suppliers to deliver not only performance upgrades but also robust service ecosystems and flexible commercial terms. Decision-makers in OEMs, aftermarket firms, and research institutes must weigh technical specifications against lifecycle support, integration with digital twins and simulation environments, and resilience to supply chain disruption.
Ultimately, suppliers that adopt modular, software-enabled platforms and that invest in regional service capabilities will be best positioned to meet evolving validation needs. Conversely, organizations that fail to adapt may find their solutions marginalized as customers demand higher fidelity, faster deployment, and lower operational risk. The path forward favors collaboration between hardware innovators, software vendors, and service providers to deliver integrated offerings that accelerate development cycles and reduce validation uncertainties for complex driveline and transmission systems.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
194 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Integration of digital twin simulation and remote monitoring on torsion test benches enabling real-time performance optimization
- 5.2. Deployment of IoT enabled smart sensors in torsion test benches for advanced torque angle data analytics
- 5.3. Implementation of AI driven predictive maintenance systems to detect abnormalities in torsion test bench operations
- 5.4. Adoption of modular fixture designs to facilitate rapid component changeover and multi axis torsion testing flexibility
- 5.5. Advancements in high frequency torsion testing capabilities for composite and lightweight automotive stabilizer bars
- 5.6. Standardization of torque to yield testing protocols to improve consistency and regulatory compliance across test benches
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market, by Test Type
- 8.1. Dynamic
- 8.2. Static
- 9. Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market, by Drive Type
- 9.1. Electric
- 9.2. Electrodynamic
- 9.3. Hydraulic
- 10. Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market, by Capacity
- 10.1. High
- 10.2. Low
- 10.3. Medium
- 11. Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market, by Application
- 11.1. Driveline Components
- 11.2. Transmission Shaft
- 12. Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market, by Region
- 12.1. Americas
- 12.1.1. North America
- 12.1.2. Latin America
- 12.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 12.2.1. Europe
- 12.2.2. Middle East
- 12.2.3. Africa
- 12.3. Asia-Pacific
- 13. Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market, by Group
- 13.1. ASEAN
- 13.2. GCC
- 13.3. European Union
- 13.4. BRICS
- 13.5. G7
- 13.6. NATO
- 14. Automotive Torsion Test Bench Market, by Country
- 14.1. United States
- 14.2. Canada
- 14.3. Mexico
- 14.4. Brazil
- 14.5. United Kingdom
- 14.6. Germany
- 14.7. France
- 14.8. Russia
- 14.9. Italy
- 14.10. Spain
- 14.11. China
- 14.12. India
- 14.13. Japan
- 14.14. Australia
- 14.15. South Korea
- 15. Competitive Landscape
- 15.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 15.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 15.3. Competitive Analysis
- 15.3.1. MTS Systems Corporation
- 15.3.2. ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG
- 15.3.3. Shimadzu Corporation
- 15.3.4. Tinius Olsen Ltd.
- 15.3.5. ADMET Inc.
- 15.3.6. Galdabini S.p.A.
- 15.3.7. TestResources Inc.
- 15.3.8. BOSE Corporation
- 15.3.9. Mecmesin Limited
- 15.3.10. SATEC Systems
- 15.3.11. LABORTECHNIK AB
- 15.3.12. Walter+Bai AG
- 15.3.13. FORM+TEST Seidner & Co. GmbH
- 15.3.14. TecQuipment Ltd.
- 15.3.15. Humboldt Mfg. Co.
- 15.3.16. Kistler Group
- 15.3.17. Schenck RoTec GmbH
- 15.3.18. A&D Company Limited
- 15.3.19. Mark-10 Corporation
- 15.3.20. LLOYD Instruments Ltd.
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