Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market by Position Sensing Technologies (Capacitive Sensors, Hall Effect Sensors, Inductive Sensors), Measurement Range (Narrow Range Sensors, Wide Range Sensors), Type, Vehicle Type, Application, Distribution - Global F
Description
The Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market was valued at USD 2.13 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 2.25 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 5.97%, reaching USD 3.39 billion by 2032.
A strategic introduction to automotive angular position sensors exploring technology foundations, industry drivers, and critical considerations for stakeholders
The automotive angular position sensor landscape is defined by a convergence of precision electromechanical design and increasingly software-driven interpretation of motion data. These sensors translate rotational displacement into electrical signals that underpin critical vehicle subsystems, enabling closed-loop control across powertrain, steering, transmission, and driver assistance functions. Advances in microelectronics, packaging, and signal processing have expanded the role of position sensing from simple feedback devices to integral nodes within distributed vehicle architectures.
Stakeholders ranging from component suppliers to vehicle manufacturers must navigate technical performance requirements such as resolution, latency, environmental durability, and electromagnetic compatibility while balancing cost, manufacturability, and regulatory compliance. As autonomy and electrification intensify demands on sensor fidelity, the industry is shifting toward integrated sensor modules and software-enabled calibration strategies that reduce system complexity and improve reliability. This introduction frames the technical foundations, use-case diversity, and decision axes that will inform the deeper analysis in the following sections.
Transformative technological shifts reshaping automotive angular position sensing, driven by electrification, autonomy, connected vehicles, and materials advances
Over the past five years, three interlocking trends-electrification, advanced driver assistance systems, and distributed vehicle architectures-have driven a fundamental reorientation of sensor priorities. Electrified powertrains place new emphasis on torque and rotor position accuracy, while ADAS and automated driving efforts require higher-resolution angle measurements and tighter integration with sensor fusion stacks. As a result, designers are prioritizing contactless sensing modalities and digital, over-the-air calibration capabilities to streamline system updates and maintain consistent performance across vehicle lifecycles.
Meanwhile, supply chain dynamics and materials innovation are reshaping component selection and design-for-manufacture approaches. Suppliers are investing in miniaturized packaging, silicon-based sensing elements, and embedded software to differentiate offerings. Concurrently, a move toward modular, software-defined sensor modules enables tier-one integrators and OEMs to adopt common sensor platforms across multiple vehicle lines, accelerating time-to-market for new model programs. These transformative shifts are creating new competitive vectors: speed of integration, software competence, and the ability to certify performance under expanded environmental and electromagnetic conditions.
Assessing the cumulative impact of United States tariffs enacted in 2025 on supply chains, sourcing strategies, and cost structures for automotive sensors
Recent tariff measures implemented by the United States in 2025 have introduced additional complexity into global sourcing decisions for angular position sensor components and subassemblies. Suppliers and OEM procurement teams are reevaluating supply footprints, considering nearshoring opportunities, and reassessing supplier contracts to mitigate exposure to sudden cost adjustments. These adjustments are not limited to finished modules but extend to raw materials, semiconductor die, and legacy mechanical components whose effective landed costs have shifted relative to domestic production alternatives.
In response, companies are adopting a mix of strategic actions including diversifying supplier bases, qualifying alternate components to reduce single-source dependencies, and accelerating collaboration with regional contract manufacturers to shorten lead times. For many stakeholders, these practical measures are complemented by longer-term design choices that reduce sensitivity to specific component origins, such as adopting semiconductor platforms with broader supplier ecosystems or shifting to sensor designs that rely on more readily available materials. The net effect is heightened attention to supply risk management, cost pass-through mechanisms in commercial agreements, and proactive engagement with logistics partners to avoid production interruptions.
Segmentation insights that highlight the interplay of sensor technologies, measurement ranges, contactless design choices, vehicle categories, applications
Insightful segmentation is essential to understanding the dynamics and design trade-offs within the angular position sensor domain. Based on position sensing technologies, the market spans Capacitive Sensors, Hall Effect Sensors, Inductive Sensors, Magnetoresistive Sensors, and Potentiometric Sensors, each offering a distinct balance of accuracy, robustness, and cost. Measurement range segmentation distinguishes Narrow Range Sensors from Wide Range Sensors, which affects calibration approaches and firmware complexity. Type segmentation separates Contact Sensors from Non-Contact/Contactless Sensors, a distinction that influences reliability over time and exposure to mechanical wear.
Vehicle type segmentation differentiates Commercial Vehicles from Passenger Cars, with the Commercial Vehicles segment further subdivided into Heavy Commercial Vehicles and Light Commercial Vehicles; this distinction changes performance expectations, environmental tolerances, and serviceability requirements. Application-driven segmentation covers Engine Valve Position Sensing, Pedal Position Sensing, Steering Angle Sensing, Suspension System Position Sensing, Throttle Position Sensing, and Transmission Gear Position Sensing, and these use cases impose unique latency, redundancy, and electromagnetic compatibility constraints. Finally, distribution channels vary between Aftermarket and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) routes, shaping packaging, certification needs, and warranty strategies. Together, these segmentation lenses reveal where technological differentiation, cost optimization, and supply-chain strategy converge to influence product roadmaps and commercial approaches.
Regional insights comparing demand drivers, manufacturing footprints, regulatory pressures, and aftermarket dynamics across the Americas, EMEA, and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics play a pivotal role in shaping strategic priorities for angular position sensor manufacturers and their customers. In the Americas, demand is influenced by a strong aftermarket ecosystem, a focus on domestic content for some vehicle programs, and accelerating electrification initiatives that increase demand for high-precision rotor and drivetrain sensors. Regulatory frameworks and safety standards in this region also drive formal validation requirements and an emphasis on traceability across supply chains.
Europe, Middle East & Africa presents a heterogeneous landscape where stringent emissions regulations and advanced ADAS adoption in Western Europe contrast with differing fleet compositions and infrastructure maturity across other subregions. This environment tends to favor suppliers with deep regulatory expertise and local engineering support. Asia-Pacific remains a major manufacturing and innovation hub, with a dense component supplier base and strong capacity for high-volume production. Rapid adoption of new vehicle architectures and platform consolidation by regional OEMs create opportunities for suppliers who can scale production, offer local technical support, and align pricing with local purchasing models.
Profiles and competitive insights into suppliers, tier one integrators, and technology innovators shaping the next generation of angular position sensors
Leading companies in the angular position sensor ecosystem are adopting multifaceted strategies to maintain differentiation and resilience. Many established suppliers combine core sensing IP with investments in signal processing, calibration software, and systems-level validation to offer module-level solutions rather than discrete components. This vertical expansion helps secure tier-one collaboration and improves margins by capturing value across integration and testing phases. In parallel, specialized technology firms focus on high-performance sensing modalities and intellectual property that can be licensed or embedded into broader platforms.
Strategic alliances, joint development agreements, and selective acquisitions are common tactics to accelerate capability building in areas such as contactless sensing, MEMS integration, and electromagnetic resilience. Companies are also prioritizing quality certifications and automotive-specific functional safety processes to meet OEM procurement thresholds. To sustain competitiveness, suppliers are building stronger field engineering teams to assist with vehicle-level integration and deploying digital tools to support remote calibration, diagnostics, and lifecycle performance monitoring.
Actionable strategic recommendations for manufacturers, suppliers, and OEMs to capitalize on sensor innovations, resilience planning, and integration opportunities
For manufacturers and suppliers seeking to translate market signals into durable advantage, a set of practical actions is essential. First, diversify the sourcing base for critical components and qualify second-source semiconductor and passive suppliers to reduce single points of failure. These procurement actions should be coupled with design choices that reduce reliance on scarce materials and enable substitution without system-level redesign. Second, prioritize investment in contactless sensor modalities and digital calibration capabilities, as these approaches improve long-term reliability and reduce warranty exposure.
Third, develop closer collaboration with OEM systems engineering teams to align sensor specifications with broader vehicle architectures and to co-develop calibration strategies that simplify integration. Fourth, accelerate software and diagnostics capability development to support over-the-air updates and to provide clear serviceability data for fleet operations. Fifth, pursue targeted partnerships or acquisitions to fill capability gaps rapidly, especially in areas such as signal-processing IP, MEMS fabrication, or specialized packaging. Finally, engage proactively with regulatory bodies and standards organizations to anticipate testing requirements and to position products for smooth homologation across multiple regions.
Methodological approach detailing primary and secondary research, expert interviews, data triangulation, validation protocols, and applied analytical frameworks
The research methodology underpinning this report combines primary qualitative engagement with rigorous secondary research and iterative data validation. Primary inputs were obtained through structured interviews with industry stakeholders including component suppliers, tier-one integrators, automotive OEM engineers, procurement specialists, and independent technical consultants, which provided firsthand insights on design priorities, supply constraints, and validation practices. These interviews were structured to elicit comparative perspectives across different vehicle classes and applications.
Secondary research included review of technical literature, regulatory guidelines, patents, and publicly available product specifications to contextualize proprietary findings. Data triangulation methods were applied to reconcile divergent inputs, and cross-validation exercises were conducted with multiple subject-matter experts to ensure consistency of technical assertions. Throughout the process, attention was paid to traceability of sources, transparency of assumptions, and methodological rigor so that conclusions reflect validated evidence and practical industry experience rather than anecdotal impressions.
Concluding perspectives synthesizing strategic implications of technology, regulation, supply chain dynamics, and segmentation for angular position sensing
In synthesis, angular position sensors occupy a critical intersection of mechanical design, semiconductor technology, and software-defined calibration that will determine their role in future vehicle architectures. Technological advancements such as contactless sensing, improved materials, and onboard diagnostics are elevating performance expectations, while supply chain and regulatory pressures are driving strategic adjustments in sourcing and product design. These combined forces underscore the need for sensor suppliers to adopt integrated product strategies that combine hardware excellence with software-enabled services.
Looking forward, organizations that align technical roadmaps with procurement resilience, regional manufacturing strategies, and enhanced system-level validation will be best positioned to capture opportunities across diverse vehicle segments and applications. Executives should view sensor investments not merely as component upgrades but as enablers of system performance, reliability, and total cost of ownership reduction across vehicle lifecycles. The conclusions here point to a clear imperative: embed sensing expertise into platform strategies and invest in capabilities that reduce integration friction while improving long-term field performance.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A strategic introduction to automotive angular position sensors exploring technology foundations, industry drivers, and critical considerations for stakeholders
The automotive angular position sensor landscape is defined by a convergence of precision electromechanical design and increasingly software-driven interpretation of motion data. These sensors translate rotational displacement into electrical signals that underpin critical vehicle subsystems, enabling closed-loop control across powertrain, steering, transmission, and driver assistance functions. Advances in microelectronics, packaging, and signal processing have expanded the role of position sensing from simple feedback devices to integral nodes within distributed vehicle architectures.
Stakeholders ranging from component suppliers to vehicle manufacturers must navigate technical performance requirements such as resolution, latency, environmental durability, and electromagnetic compatibility while balancing cost, manufacturability, and regulatory compliance. As autonomy and electrification intensify demands on sensor fidelity, the industry is shifting toward integrated sensor modules and software-enabled calibration strategies that reduce system complexity and improve reliability. This introduction frames the technical foundations, use-case diversity, and decision axes that will inform the deeper analysis in the following sections.
Transformative technological shifts reshaping automotive angular position sensing, driven by electrification, autonomy, connected vehicles, and materials advances
Over the past five years, three interlocking trends-electrification, advanced driver assistance systems, and distributed vehicle architectures-have driven a fundamental reorientation of sensor priorities. Electrified powertrains place new emphasis on torque and rotor position accuracy, while ADAS and automated driving efforts require higher-resolution angle measurements and tighter integration with sensor fusion stacks. As a result, designers are prioritizing contactless sensing modalities and digital, over-the-air calibration capabilities to streamline system updates and maintain consistent performance across vehicle lifecycles.
Meanwhile, supply chain dynamics and materials innovation are reshaping component selection and design-for-manufacture approaches. Suppliers are investing in miniaturized packaging, silicon-based sensing elements, and embedded software to differentiate offerings. Concurrently, a move toward modular, software-defined sensor modules enables tier-one integrators and OEMs to adopt common sensor platforms across multiple vehicle lines, accelerating time-to-market for new model programs. These transformative shifts are creating new competitive vectors: speed of integration, software competence, and the ability to certify performance under expanded environmental and electromagnetic conditions.
Assessing the cumulative impact of United States tariffs enacted in 2025 on supply chains, sourcing strategies, and cost structures for automotive sensors
Recent tariff measures implemented by the United States in 2025 have introduced additional complexity into global sourcing decisions for angular position sensor components and subassemblies. Suppliers and OEM procurement teams are reevaluating supply footprints, considering nearshoring opportunities, and reassessing supplier contracts to mitigate exposure to sudden cost adjustments. These adjustments are not limited to finished modules but extend to raw materials, semiconductor die, and legacy mechanical components whose effective landed costs have shifted relative to domestic production alternatives.
In response, companies are adopting a mix of strategic actions including diversifying supplier bases, qualifying alternate components to reduce single-source dependencies, and accelerating collaboration with regional contract manufacturers to shorten lead times. For many stakeholders, these practical measures are complemented by longer-term design choices that reduce sensitivity to specific component origins, such as adopting semiconductor platforms with broader supplier ecosystems or shifting to sensor designs that rely on more readily available materials. The net effect is heightened attention to supply risk management, cost pass-through mechanisms in commercial agreements, and proactive engagement with logistics partners to avoid production interruptions.
Segmentation insights that highlight the interplay of sensor technologies, measurement ranges, contactless design choices, vehicle categories, applications
Insightful segmentation is essential to understanding the dynamics and design trade-offs within the angular position sensor domain. Based on position sensing technologies, the market spans Capacitive Sensors, Hall Effect Sensors, Inductive Sensors, Magnetoresistive Sensors, and Potentiometric Sensors, each offering a distinct balance of accuracy, robustness, and cost. Measurement range segmentation distinguishes Narrow Range Sensors from Wide Range Sensors, which affects calibration approaches and firmware complexity. Type segmentation separates Contact Sensors from Non-Contact/Contactless Sensors, a distinction that influences reliability over time and exposure to mechanical wear.
Vehicle type segmentation differentiates Commercial Vehicles from Passenger Cars, with the Commercial Vehicles segment further subdivided into Heavy Commercial Vehicles and Light Commercial Vehicles; this distinction changes performance expectations, environmental tolerances, and serviceability requirements. Application-driven segmentation covers Engine Valve Position Sensing, Pedal Position Sensing, Steering Angle Sensing, Suspension System Position Sensing, Throttle Position Sensing, and Transmission Gear Position Sensing, and these use cases impose unique latency, redundancy, and electromagnetic compatibility constraints. Finally, distribution channels vary between Aftermarket and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) routes, shaping packaging, certification needs, and warranty strategies. Together, these segmentation lenses reveal where technological differentiation, cost optimization, and supply-chain strategy converge to influence product roadmaps and commercial approaches.
Regional insights comparing demand drivers, manufacturing footprints, regulatory pressures, and aftermarket dynamics across the Americas, EMEA, and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics play a pivotal role in shaping strategic priorities for angular position sensor manufacturers and their customers. In the Americas, demand is influenced by a strong aftermarket ecosystem, a focus on domestic content for some vehicle programs, and accelerating electrification initiatives that increase demand for high-precision rotor and drivetrain sensors. Regulatory frameworks and safety standards in this region also drive formal validation requirements and an emphasis on traceability across supply chains.
Europe, Middle East & Africa presents a heterogeneous landscape where stringent emissions regulations and advanced ADAS adoption in Western Europe contrast with differing fleet compositions and infrastructure maturity across other subregions. This environment tends to favor suppliers with deep regulatory expertise and local engineering support. Asia-Pacific remains a major manufacturing and innovation hub, with a dense component supplier base and strong capacity for high-volume production. Rapid adoption of new vehicle architectures and platform consolidation by regional OEMs create opportunities for suppliers who can scale production, offer local technical support, and align pricing with local purchasing models.
Profiles and competitive insights into suppliers, tier one integrators, and technology innovators shaping the next generation of angular position sensors
Leading companies in the angular position sensor ecosystem are adopting multifaceted strategies to maintain differentiation and resilience. Many established suppliers combine core sensing IP with investments in signal processing, calibration software, and systems-level validation to offer module-level solutions rather than discrete components. This vertical expansion helps secure tier-one collaboration and improves margins by capturing value across integration and testing phases. In parallel, specialized technology firms focus on high-performance sensing modalities and intellectual property that can be licensed or embedded into broader platforms.
Strategic alliances, joint development agreements, and selective acquisitions are common tactics to accelerate capability building in areas such as contactless sensing, MEMS integration, and electromagnetic resilience. Companies are also prioritizing quality certifications and automotive-specific functional safety processes to meet OEM procurement thresholds. To sustain competitiveness, suppliers are building stronger field engineering teams to assist with vehicle-level integration and deploying digital tools to support remote calibration, diagnostics, and lifecycle performance monitoring.
Actionable strategic recommendations for manufacturers, suppliers, and OEMs to capitalize on sensor innovations, resilience planning, and integration opportunities
For manufacturers and suppliers seeking to translate market signals into durable advantage, a set of practical actions is essential. First, diversify the sourcing base for critical components and qualify second-source semiconductor and passive suppliers to reduce single points of failure. These procurement actions should be coupled with design choices that reduce reliance on scarce materials and enable substitution without system-level redesign. Second, prioritize investment in contactless sensor modalities and digital calibration capabilities, as these approaches improve long-term reliability and reduce warranty exposure.
Third, develop closer collaboration with OEM systems engineering teams to align sensor specifications with broader vehicle architectures and to co-develop calibration strategies that simplify integration. Fourth, accelerate software and diagnostics capability development to support over-the-air updates and to provide clear serviceability data for fleet operations. Fifth, pursue targeted partnerships or acquisitions to fill capability gaps rapidly, especially in areas such as signal-processing IP, MEMS fabrication, or specialized packaging. Finally, engage proactively with regulatory bodies and standards organizations to anticipate testing requirements and to position products for smooth homologation across multiple regions.
Methodological approach detailing primary and secondary research, expert interviews, data triangulation, validation protocols, and applied analytical frameworks
The research methodology underpinning this report combines primary qualitative engagement with rigorous secondary research and iterative data validation. Primary inputs were obtained through structured interviews with industry stakeholders including component suppliers, tier-one integrators, automotive OEM engineers, procurement specialists, and independent technical consultants, which provided firsthand insights on design priorities, supply constraints, and validation practices. These interviews were structured to elicit comparative perspectives across different vehicle classes and applications.
Secondary research included review of technical literature, regulatory guidelines, patents, and publicly available product specifications to contextualize proprietary findings. Data triangulation methods were applied to reconcile divergent inputs, and cross-validation exercises were conducted with multiple subject-matter experts to ensure consistency of technical assertions. Throughout the process, attention was paid to traceability of sources, transparency of assumptions, and methodological rigor so that conclusions reflect validated evidence and practical industry experience rather than anecdotal impressions.
Concluding perspectives synthesizing strategic implications of technology, regulation, supply chain dynamics, and segmentation for angular position sensing
In synthesis, angular position sensors occupy a critical intersection of mechanical design, semiconductor technology, and software-defined calibration that will determine their role in future vehicle architectures. Technological advancements such as contactless sensing, improved materials, and onboard diagnostics are elevating performance expectations, while supply chain and regulatory pressures are driving strategic adjustments in sourcing and product design. These combined forces underscore the need for sensor suppliers to adopt integrated product strategies that combine hardware excellence with software-enabled services.
Looking forward, organizations that align technical roadmaps with procurement resilience, regional manufacturing strategies, and enhanced system-level validation will be best positioned to capture opportunities across diverse vehicle segments and applications. Executives should view sensor investments not merely as component upgrades but as enablers of system performance, reliability, and total cost of ownership reduction across vehicle lifecycles. The conclusions here point to a clear imperative: embed sensing expertise into platform strategies and invest in capabilities that reduce integration friction while improving long-term field performance.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
194 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Integration of high-precision MEMS angular sensors in advanced ADAS applications
- 5.2. Adoption of robust automotive-grade angular position sensors for electric power steering
- 5.3. Development of wireless angular sensor modules for predictive vehicle stability control
- 5.4. Emergence of dual-core redundant angle detection systems for enhanced safety
- 5.5. Growth in sensor fusion algorithms combining angular position data with inertial measurements
- 5.6. Shift towards silicon carbide-based angular sensors for high-temperature under-the-hood performance
- 5.7. Implementation of ISO 26262-compliant angular sensor designs for autonomous driving functions
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Position Sensing Technologies
- 8.1. Capacitive Sensors
- 8.2. Hall Effect Sensors
- 8.3. Inductive Sensors
- 8.4. Magnetoresistive Sensors
- 8.5. Potentiometric Sensors
- 9. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Measurement Range
- 9.1. Narrow Range Sensors
- 9.2. Wide Range Sensors
- 10. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Type
- 10.1. Contact Sensors
- 10.2. Non-Contact/Contactless Sensors
- 11. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Vehicle Type
- 11.1. Commercial Vehicles
- 11.1.1. Heavy Commercial Vehicles
- 11.1.2. Light Commercial Vehicles
- 11.2. Passenger Cars
- 12. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Application
- 12.1. Engine Valve Position Sensing
- 12.2. Pedal Position Sensing
- 12.3. Steering Angle Sensing
- 12.4. Suspension System Position Sensing
- 12.5. Throttle Position Sensing
- 12.6. Transmission Gear Position Sensing
- 13. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Distribution
- 13.1. Aftermarket
- 13.2. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
- 14. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Region
- 14.1. Americas
- 14.1.1. North America
- 14.1.2. Latin America
- 14.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 14.2.1. Europe
- 14.2.2. Middle East
- 14.2.3. Africa
- 14.3. Asia-Pacific
- 15. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Group
- 15.1. ASEAN
- 15.2. GCC
- 15.3. European Union
- 15.4. BRICS
- 15.5. G7
- 15.6. NATO
- 16. Automotive Angular Position Sensor Market, by Country
- 16.1. United States
- 16.2. Canada
- 16.3. Mexico
- 16.4. Brazil
- 16.5. United Kingdom
- 16.6. Germany
- 16.7. France
- 16.8. Russia
- 16.9. Italy
- 16.10. Spain
- 16.11. China
- 16.12. India
- 16.13. Japan
- 16.14. Australia
- 16.15. South Korea
- 17. Competitive Landscape
- 17.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 17.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 17.3. Competitive Analysis
- 17.3.1. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
- 17.3.2. Amphenol Corporation
- 17.3.3. ams-OSRAM AG
- 17.3.4. Baumer Holding AG
- 17.3.5. Bourns, Inc.
- 17.3.6. Continental AG
- 17.3.7. HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA by Forvia Group
- 17.3.8. Infineon Technologies AG
- 17.3.9. Mobile Control Systems by Addtech Group
- 17.3.10. Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.
- 17.3.11. Novotechnik U.S. Inc.
- 17.3.12. NXP semiconductor by Qualcomm Incorporated
- 17.3.13. Panasonic Corporation
- 17.3.14. Robert Bosch GmbH
- 17.3.15. Sensor Solutions Corporation by Standex Electronics, Inc.
- 17.3.16. Solero Technologies LLC
- 17.3.17. Stoneridge, Inc.
- 17.3.18. TDK Corporation
- 17.3.19. TE Connectivity Ltd.
- 17.3.20. Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
- 17.3.21. ZF Friedrichshafen AG by Zeppelin-Stiftung
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