Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market by Product Type (Bauxite, Calcined Bauxite, Laterite Ores), Grade (High Grade, Standard Grade, Ultra High Grade), Distribution Channel, Application, End User Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market was valued at USD 55.36 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 58.61 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 5.97%, reaching USD 88.09 billion by 2032.
Comprehensive orientation to the evolving aluminium ores and concentrates ecosystem highlighting feedstock roles regulatory pressures and processing imperatives
The aluminium ores and concentrates sector sits at the intersection of resource geology, industrial metallurgy, and rapidly evolving sustainability expectations. As primary feedstocks for alumina refinement and aluminium production, ores such as bauxite and laterite underpin everything from aerospace alloys to refractory materials. Given the rising emphasis on carbon footprints, circularity, and resilient sourcing, the industry now navigates technical constraints alongside geopolitical pressures and shifting downstream demand patterns.
Consequently, decision makers require a nuanced understanding of ore types, processing pathways, and end-use requirements to align procurement, processing, and product development strategies. Technological advances in beneficiation, calcination, and materials science are altering the value proposition of different ore grades, while regulatory regimes increasingly influence permitting and trade dynamics. Therefore, this introduction frames the essential trade-offs between ore quality, processing intensity, environmental compliance, and commercial viability, providing a foundation for the deeper analyses that follow.
Analysis of systemic shifts transforming supply chains production practices and competitive advantage across the aluminium ores and concentrates value chain
The landscape for aluminium ores and concentrates is experiencing transformative shifts driven by decarbonization mandates, material substitution pressures, and supply chain reconfiguration. Renewable-energy expansion and emissions regulations are increasing scrutiny on the energy intensity of alumina production, prompting refineries and miners to prioritize low-carbon feedstocks and invest in process electrification and energy sourcing adjustments. At the same time, digitalization is enabling more precise ore characterization and predictive maintenance across mines and plants, which enhances operational efficiency and reduces downtime.
Simultaneously, circular economy dynamics are reshaping demand for recycled aluminium versus primary metal, which in turn influences the profile of ores required for specific metallurgical routes. Trade policy volatility and an emphasis on supply security have encouraged procurement diversification and the exploration of nearshoring opportunities. As a result, businesses that integrate advanced analytics, invest in low-emission processing, and create flexible sourcing strategies are positioned to capture value from these systemic shifts. Ultimately, these converging forces are redefining competitive advantage around sustainability performance, processing adaptability, and resilient logistics.
Evaluation of how the 2025 United States tariff measures have reshaped procurement incentives supply routes and long-term sourcing strategies in the ores trade
The implementation of United States tariffs in 2025 has exerted a cumulative effect across global trade flows, contractual arrangements, and sourcing strategies for aluminium ores and concentrates. Immediately, trading patterns adjusted as some buyers sought tariff-exempt or lower-duty sources, while others restructured contracts to allocate increased landed costs across suppliers and purchasers. Over time, the tariffs intensified incentives for nearshoring and regional integration, pushing some processors to re-evaluate long-standing import dependencies and accelerate supplier diversification.
At the operational level, refineries and metallurgical consumers responded by revisiting inventory policies and hedging approaches to manage cost volatility. In parallel, logistics providers and distributors adapted routing and warehousing strategies to minimize tariff exposure and preserve delivery reliability. Importantly, the tariffs also catalyzed investment considerations: companies weighed capital investments in domestic beneficiation and pre-processing capacity against the recurring cost burden of tariff-affected imports. From a strategic perspective, the policy change highlighted the value of vertical integration, greater transparency in origin documentation, and proactive engagement with trade counsel to navigate compliance while preserving raw material access.
Segment-level intelligence linking product mineralogy application demands end-user requirements distribution preferences and grade-driven commercial differentials
Insights drawn from segmentation reveal the differential dynamics that influence demand, processing choices, and commercial positioning across product types, applications, end users, distribution pathways, and grade tiers. Based on product type, market study encompasses Bauxite, Calcined Bauxite, and Laterite Ores, with Bauxite examined at the mineral level across Boehmite, Diaspore, and Gibbsite; each mineral variant brings distinct beneficiation needs and thermal behavior during calcination. Based on application, the market is considered across Abrasive, Chemical, Metallurgical, and Refractory uses, with the Abrasive category further differentiated between Grinding and Sandblasting, the Chemical segment dissected into Adsorbents and Pigments, and the Metallurgical pathway subdivided into Casting and Smelting applications, reflecting unique impurity tolerances and particle morphology requirements.
Based on end user industry, the analysis covers Aerospace, Automotive, Construction, and Electronics, highlighting how sector-specific performance and regulatory expectations influence feedstock selection and processing investment. Based on distribution channel, the pathways examined include Online, Retail, and Wholesale, demonstrating how procurement behavior, lead times, and value-added services change across channels. Based on grade, the report distinguishes High Grade, Standard Grade, and Ultra High Grade classifications, underscoring how grade differentials affect processing intensity, price sensitivity, and attractiveness for high-performance versus commodity applications. Collectively, these segment lenses expose where value migration occurs and where strategic focus yields the greatest operational and commercial returns.
Regional comparative perspective on resource endowments processing capacity regulatory pressures and infrastructure dynamics shaping feedstock strategies
Regional dynamics determine access to ore bodies, processing infrastructure, and logistics that underpin competitive positioning across the aluminium value chain. In the Americas, resource-rich basins, established port infrastructure, and a growing emphasis on domestic supply security have supported investments in beneficiation and pre-processing facilities, while shifting trade policies have increased the focus on near-market supply for industrial consumers. Across Europe, Middle East & Africa, varied regulatory regimes and a mixture of legacy refinery assets and emerging projects create heterogeneous opportunities, with Europe intensifying standards for emissions and traceability and regional partners in the Middle East leveraging low-cost energy for downstream processing.
In the Asia-Pacific region, a combination of abundant bauxite reserves, large-scale refinery capacity, and integrated metal production ecosystems drives both export flows and regional self-sufficiency ambitions. Moreover, infrastructure investments and port developments in the Asia-Pacific continue to lower logistics friction and foster hubs that serve both regional and international demand. These geographic contrasts mean that strategic choices about sourcing, grade selection, and investment in processing capacity must align with the particular regulatory, energy, and market conditions that characterize each region, while companies pursuing global footprints must manage the interplay between local optimization and cross-regional resilience.
Corporate strategic behaviors and capability investments that distinguish resilient operators through supply integration innovation and sustainability-oriented execution
Leading industry participants demonstrate a mix of strategies to protect margins and secure reliable feedstock access, including supply integration, targeted investment in processing upgrades, and partnerships to decarbonize upstream operations. Many firms have prioritized technologies that reduce energy intensity during calcination and beneficiation, and others focus on product differentiation through consistent grade delivery and tighter quality controls. Strategic collaborations with logistics providers and refiners help some companies shorten lead times and achieve more predictable landed costs, while forward-looking entities are piloting circular pathways that tie scrap aluminium and secondary feedstock streams into their business models.
Furthermore, corporate activity increasingly centers on risk mitigation: contract structures with flexible volume provisions, long-term offtake agreements, and co-investment models for regional processing plants. Financial discipline remains crucial, with capital allocation favoring projects that combine resource quality with accessible infrastructure and favorable permitting environments. Collectively, these practices demonstrate that competitive advantage is shifting toward actors who can marry operational excellence with sustainability credentials and agile commercial frameworks that respond quickly to policy and market shocks.
Actionable playbook for executives to reinforce supply resilience operational efficiency and market differentiation across ore sourcing and processing activities
Industry leaders should adopt a pragmatic mix of operational, commercial, and policy-facing actions to fortify their positions in the ores and concentrates arena. First, prioritize sourcing strategies that diversify suppliers across jurisdictions while establishing dual-sourcing arrangements to reduce single-node exposure; simultaneously, invest in predictive analytics for ore quality and logistics to optimize inbound flows and minimize blending costs. Second, commit capital to decarbonization and energy-efficiency upgrades in beneficiation and calcination; these investments protect margins and meet rising stakeholder expectations on emissions transparency.
Third, pursue product differentiation by aligning grade specifications with targeted end-user performance requirements and by offering value-added services, such as technical support for downstream processing. Fourth, expand distribution versatility by strengthening wholesale partnerships while exploring online trade platforms for niche and small-batch sales. Fifth, engage proactively with regulators and industry groups to inform pragmatic policy development and to secure favorable trade arrangements. Finally, embed scenario planning and stress-testing into strategic workflows to anticipate tariff shifts, supply disruptions, and demand transitions, thereby enabling faster and more confident decision-making under uncertainty.
Transparent methodological framework describing primary engagements secondary synthesis and analytical safeguards used to validate ore and processing insights
The research methodology combines primary interviews, technical literature synthesis, and analytical triangulation to ensure robust, verifiable findings. Primary inputs derive from structured interviews with upstream mining engineers, refiners, metallurgists, procurement leads, and distribution specialists, complemented by site visit observations and technical data where accessible. Secondary sources include peer-reviewed materials, technical standards, regulatory filings, and industry white papers, which are cross-checked to validate assumptions about mineral behavior, processing routes, and end-use tolerances.
Analytical methods include supply-chain mapping, comparative scenario analysis, and sensitivity testing around key variables such as grade variability, energy intensity, and trade policy impacts. Quality controls consist of data reconciliation across independent sources, expert validation workshops, and iterative revisions to ensure coherence between qualitative insights and technical constraints. Where data gaps exist, conservative assumptions guided by technical expertise are documented, and alternative scenarios are provided to illustrate potential outcome ranges and risk exposures.
Concluding perspective on strategic priorities and differentiators that will determine long-term competitiveness in the aluminium ores and concentrates domain
In conclusion, the aluminium ores and concentrates sector is at an inflection point where geological realities intersect with decarbonization imperatives, trade policy shifts, and evolving downstream requirements. Companies that integrate rigorous feedstock characterization with investments in low-emission processing, flexible distribution strategies, and proactive policy engagement will be better positioned to manage volatility and capture strategic opportunities. Moreover, segmentation clarity-understanding which product types and grades align with specific applications and end-user needs-remains essential for targeted value creation.
Moving forward, stakeholders should treat resilience and sustainability not as compliance obligations but as competitive differentiators that influence capital allocation, partner selection, and product design. By applying the action-oriented recommendations outlined earlier and leveraging disciplined scenario planning, industry participants can navigate the near-term policy disruptions while laying the groundwork for long-term operational and commercial success.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Comprehensive orientation to the evolving aluminium ores and concentrates ecosystem highlighting feedstock roles regulatory pressures and processing imperatives
The aluminium ores and concentrates sector sits at the intersection of resource geology, industrial metallurgy, and rapidly evolving sustainability expectations. As primary feedstocks for alumina refinement and aluminium production, ores such as bauxite and laterite underpin everything from aerospace alloys to refractory materials. Given the rising emphasis on carbon footprints, circularity, and resilient sourcing, the industry now navigates technical constraints alongside geopolitical pressures and shifting downstream demand patterns.
Consequently, decision makers require a nuanced understanding of ore types, processing pathways, and end-use requirements to align procurement, processing, and product development strategies. Technological advances in beneficiation, calcination, and materials science are altering the value proposition of different ore grades, while regulatory regimes increasingly influence permitting and trade dynamics. Therefore, this introduction frames the essential trade-offs between ore quality, processing intensity, environmental compliance, and commercial viability, providing a foundation for the deeper analyses that follow.
Analysis of systemic shifts transforming supply chains production practices and competitive advantage across the aluminium ores and concentrates value chain
The landscape for aluminium ores and concentrates is experiencing transformative shifts driven by decarbonization mandates, material substitution pressures, and supply chain reconfiguration. Renewable-energy expansion and emissions regulations are increasing scrutiny on the energy intensity of alumina production, prompting refineries and miners to prioritize low-carbon feedstocks and invest in process electrification and energy sourcing adjustments. At the same time, digitalization is enabling more precise ore characterization and predictive maintenance across mines and plants, which enhances operational efficiency and reduces downtime.
Simultaneously, circular economy dynamics are reshaping demand for recycled aluminium versus primary metal, which in turn influences the profile of ores required for specific metallurgical routes. Trade policy volatility and an emphasis on supply security have encouraged procurement diversification and the exploration of nearshoring opportunities. As a result, businesses that integrate advanced analytics, invest in low-emission processing, and create flexible sourcing strategies are positioned to capture value from these systemic shifts. Ultimately, these converging forces are redefining competitive advantage around sustainability performance, processing adaptability, and resilient logistics.
Evaluation of how the 2025 United States tariff measures have reshaped procurement incentives supply routes and long-term sourcing strategies in the ores trade
The implementation of United States tariffs in 2025 has exerted a cumulative effect across global trade flows, contractual arrangements, and sourcing strategies for aluminium ores and concentrates. Immediately, trading patterns adjusted as some buyers sought tariff-exempt or lower-duty sources, while others restructured contracts to allocate increased landed costs across suppliers and purchasers. Over time, the tariffs intensified incentives for nearshoring and regional integration, pushing some processors to re-evaluate long-standing import dependencies and accelerate supplier diversification.
At the operational level, refineries and metallurgical consumers responded by revisiting inventory policies and hedging approaches to manage cost volatility. In parallel, logistics providers and distributors adapted routing and warehousing strategies to minimize tariff exposure and preserve delivery reliability. Importantly, the tariffs also catalyzed investment considerations: companies weighed capital investments in domestic beneficiation and pre-processing capacity against the recurring cost burden of tariff-affected imports. From a strategic perspective, the policy change highlighted the value of vertical integration, greater transparency in origin documentation, and proactive engagement with trade counsel to navigate compliance while preserving raw material access.
Segment-level intelligence linking product mineralogy application demands end-user requirements distribution preferences and grade-driven commercial differentials
Insights drawn from segmentation reveal the differential dynamics that influence demand, processing choices, and commercial positioning across product types, applications, end users, distribution pathways, and grade tiers. Based on product type, market study encompasses Bauxite, Calcined Bauxite, and Laterite Ores, with Bauxite examined at the mineral level across Boehmite, Diaspore, and Gibbsite; each mineral variant brings distinct beneficiation needs and thermal behavior during calcination. Based on application, the market is considered across Abrasive, Chemical, Metallurgical, and Refractory uses, with the Abrasive category further differentiated between Grinding and Sandblasting, the Chemical segment dissected into Adsorbents and Pigments, and the Metallurgical pathway subdivided into Casting and Smelting applications, reflecting unique impurity tolerances and particle morphology requirements.
Based on end user industry, the analysis covers Aerospace, Automotive, Construction, and Electronics, highlighting how sector-specific performance and regulatory expectations influence feedstock selection and processing investment. Based on distribution channel, the pathways examined include Online, Retail, and Wholesale, demonstrating how procurement behavior, lead times, and value-added services change across channels. Based on grade, the report distinguishes High Grade, Standard Grade, and Ultra High Grade classifications, underscoring how grade differentials affect processing intensity, price sensitivity, and attractiveness for high-performance versus commodity applications. Collectively, these segment lenses expose where value migration occurs and where strategic focus yields the greatest operational and commercial returns.
Regional comparative perspective on resource endowments processing capacity regulatory pressures and infrastructure dynamics shaping feedstock strategies
Regional dynamics determine access to ore bodies, processing infrastructure, and logistics that underpin competitive positioning across the aluminium value chain. In the Americas, resource-rich basins, established port infrastructure, and a growing emphasis on domestic supply security have supported investments in beneficiation and pre-processing facilities, while shifting trade policies have increased the focus on near-market supply for industrial consumers. Across Europe, Middle East & Africa, varied regulatory regimes and a mixture of legacy refinery assets and emerging projects create heterogeneous opportunities, with Europe intensifying standards for emissions and traceability and regional partners in the Middle East leveraging low-cost energy for downstream processing.
In the Asia-Pacific region, a combination of abundant bauxite reserves, large-scale refinery capacity, and integrated metal production ecosystems drives both export flows and regional self-sufficiency ambitions. Moreover, infrastructure investments and port developments in the Asia-Pacific continue to lower logistics friction and foster hubs that serve both regional and international demand. These geographic contrasts mean that strategic choices about sourcing, grade selection, and investment in processing capacity must align with the particular regulatory, energy, and market conditions that characterize each region, while companies pursuing global footprints must manage the interplay between local optimization and cross-regional resilience.
Corporate strategic behaviors and capability investments that distinguish resilient operators through supply integration innovation and sustainability-oriented execution
Leading industry participants demonstrate a mix of strategies to protect margins and secure reliable feedstock access, including supply integration, targeted investment in processing upgrades, and partnerships to decarbonize upstream operations. Many firms have prioritized technologies that reduce energy intensity during calcination and beneficiation, and others focus on product differentiation through consistent grade delivery and tighter quality controls. Strategic collaborations with logistics providers and refiners help some companies shorten lead times and achieve more predictable landed costs, while forward-looking entities are piloting circular pathways that tie scrap aluminium and secondary feedstock streams into their business models.
Furthermore, corporate activity increasingly centers on risk mitigation: contract structures with flexible volume provisions, long-term offtake agreements, and co-investment models for regional processing plants. Financial discipline remains crucial, with capital allocation favoring projects that combine resource quality with accessible infrastructure and favorable permitting environments. Collectively, these practices demonstrate that competitive advantage is shifting toward actors who can marry operational excellence with sustainability credentials and agile commercial frameworks that respond quickly to policy and market shocks.
Actionable playbook for executives to reinforce supply resilience operational efficiency and market differentiation across ore sourcing and processing activities
Industry leaders should adopt a pragmatic mix of operational, commercial, and policy-facing actions to fortify their positions in the ores and concentrates arena. First, prioritize sourcing strategies that diversify suppliers across jurisdictions while establishing dual-sourcing arrangements to reduce single-node exposure; simultaneously, invest in predictive analytics for ore quality and logistics to optimize inbound flows and minimize blending costs. Second, commit capital to decarbonization and energy-efficiency upgrades in beneficiation and calcination; these investments protect margins and meet rising stakeholder expectations on emissions transparency.
Third, pursue product differentiation by aligning grade specifications with targeted end-user performance requirements and by offering value-added services, such as technical support for downstream processing. Fourth, expand distribution versatility by strengthening wholesale partnerships while exploring online trade platforms for niche and small-batch sales. Fifth, engage proactively with regulators and industry groups to inform pragmatic policy development and to secure favorable trade arrangements. Finally, embed scenario planning and stress-testing into strategic workflows to anticipate tariff shifts, supply disruptions, and demand transitions, thereby enabling faster and more confident decision-making under uncertainty.
Transparent methodological framework describing primary engagements secondary synthesis and analytical safeguards used to validate ore and processing insights
The research methodology combines primary interviews, technical literature synthesis, and analytical triangulation to ensure robust, verifiable findings. Primary inputs derive from structured interviews with upstream mining engineers, refiners, metallurgists, procurement leads, and distribution specialists, complemented by site visit observations and technical data where accessible. Secondary sources include peer-reviewed materials, technical standards, regulatory filings, and industry white papers, which are cross-checked to validate assumptions about mineral behavior, processing routes, and end-use tolerances.
Analytical methods include supply-chain mapping, comparative scenario analysis, and sensitivity testing around key variables such as grade variability, energy intensity, and trade policy impacts. Quality controls consist of data reconciliation across independent sources, expert validation workshops, and iterative revisions to ensure coherence between qualitative insights and technical constraints. Where data gaps exist, conservative assumptions guided by technical expertise are documented, and alternative scenarios are provided to illustrate potential outcome ranges and risk exposures.
Concluding perspective on strategic priorities and differentiators that will determine long-term competitiveness in the aluminium ores and concentrates domain
In conclusion, the aluminium ores and concentrates sector is at an inflection point where geological realities intersect with decarbonization imperatives, trade policy shifts, and evolving downstream requirements. Companies that integrate rigorous feedstock characterization with investments in low-emission processing, flexible distribution strategies, and proactive policy engagement will be better positioned to manage volatility and capture strategic opportunities. Moreover, segmentation clarity-understanding which product types and grades align with specific applications and end-user needs-remains essential for targeted value creation.
Moving forward, stakeholders should treat resilience and sustainability not as compliance obligations but as competitive differentiators that influence capital allocation, partner selection, and product design. By applying the action-oriented recommendations outlined earlier and leveraging disciplined scenario planning, industry participants can navigate the near-term policy disruptions while laying the groundwork for long-term operational and commercial success.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
189 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Rising investment in low-carbon alumina refining facilities in major bauxite-exporting regions
- 5.2. Impact of Russian sanctions on global aluminium ore trade flows and regional supply chain shifts
- 5.3. Accelerated adoption of hydrogen-based smelting technologies to decarbonize aluminium production
- 5.4. Surge in demand for high-purity alumina concentrates driven by electric vehicle battery supply chains
- 5.5. Chinese bauxite export restrictions reshaping global ore price dynamics and long-range trade routes
- 5.6. Integration of blockchain solutions for full traceability in aluminium ore sourcing and compliance monitoring
- 5.7. Infrastructure bottlenecks at West African ports limiting bauxite export capacity and logistics innovation
- 5.8. ESG-driven mine rehabilitation projects raising sustainability benchmarks among leading ore suppliers
- 5.9. Volatility in maritime freight rates affecting landed costs of alumina imports in Europe and North America
- 5.10. Growing exploration of high-grade bauxite deposits in South America to offset supply shortfalls in Asia
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by Product Type
- 8.1. Bauxite
- 8.1.1. Boehmite
- 8.1.2. Diaspore
- 8.1.3. Gibbsite
- 8.2. Calcined Bauxite
- 8.3. Laterite Ores
- 9. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by Grade
- 9.1. High Grade
- 9.2. Standard Grade
- 9.3. Ultra High Grade
- 10. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by Distribution Channel
- 10.1. Online
- 10.2. Retail
- 10.3. Wholesale
- 11. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by Application
- 11.1. Abrasive
- 11.1.1. Grinding
- 11.1.2. Sandblasting
- 11.2. Chemical
- 11.2.1. Adsorbents
- 11.2.2. Pigments
- 11.3. Metallurgical
- 11.3.1. Casting
- 11.3.2. Smelting
- 11.4. Refractory
- 12. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by End User Industry
- 12.1. Aerospace
- 12.2. Automotive
- 12.3. Construction
- 12.4. Electronics
- 13. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. Aluminium Ores & Concentrates Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. Rio Tinto Group
- 16.3.2. Alcoa Corporation
- 16.3.3. United Company RUSAL
- 16.3.4. Aluminum Corporation of China Limited
- 16.3.5. Norsk Hydro ASA
- 16.3.6. BHP Group Limited
- 16.3.7. China Hongqiao Group Co., Ltd
- 16.3.8. South32 Limited
- 16.3.9. Emirates Global Aluminium PJSC
- 16.3.10. Vedanta Limited
- 16.3.11. Aditya Birla Group
- 16.3.12. Alumina Limited
- 16.3.13. Century Aluminum Company
- 16.3.14. Glencore plc
- 16.3.15. National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO)
- 16.3.16. Gulkula Mining Company
- 16.3.17. Metro Mining Limited
- 16.3.18. Compagnie des bauxites de Guinée
- 16.3.19. Mineração Rio do Norte
- 16.3.20. AluminIum BahraIn B.S.C. (Alba)
- 16.3.21. Société Minière de Boké
- 16.3.22. Jiuquan Iron & Steel (Group) Co. LTD
- 16.3.23. PT ANTAM Tbk
- 16.3.24. Ma’aden
- 16.3.25. ABx Limited
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