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Advanced Polymers for Medical Applications: Materials, Product Development, and Market Opportunities
Kalorama Information - 2/1/2002 - 310 Pages - ID: KLI513899
URL: http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=513899
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Abstract
In virtually all areas of medicine, increasingly sophisticated devices are turning to increasingly sophisticated materials science to solve their most nagging technical problems. From passive functions like sterility and biocompatibility to active drug delivery and even conductivity, polymers are proving to be more versatile and complex than ever before. Kalorama's Advanced Polymers for Medical Applications examines the latest technological and market developments in advanced plastics for:
- Diagnostic and laboratory devices
- Blood-handling devices
- Implants and prosthetic devices
- Drug delivery systems
- Organ and tissue replacements
- Cardiopulmonary systems
Patent applications and clinical trial information combined with commercial, regulatory, and manufacturing issues will present a comprehensive picture of these quickly evolving technologies and their promising and dynamic marketplace.
Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction to Polymers for Medical Applications
- Polymers
- Polymeric Properties
- Naturally Occurring Polymers
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials
- Biodegradable Polymers
- Biocompatible Polymers
- Medical Polymers
- Tissue Engineering
- The Market
- Physical and Chemical Properties
- Molecular Weight
- Addition Polymerization
- Condensation Polymerization
- Tacticity
- Crystallinity
- Tensile Properties
- Fatigue Behavior
- Glass Transition Temperature
- Homopolymers
- Copolymers
- Polyurethanes
- Introduction
- Biodegradable Polymers
- From Tissues to Organs
- Degradable Inorganic Compounds
- Wound Closing
- Biomaterials are Advancing Oral Medicine
- Legal Worries Now Impede Innovation
- Major Players are getting out of the Business
- Biomaterials Access Assurance Act
- Only a Limited Number of Building Blocks
- New Molecular Architectures Allow Control on the Nanoscale
- Medical Applications of Conducting Polymers
- Well-Defined Polymer Structures
- Future Polymers-Active Biomedical Processes
Some Fundamental Concepts
Properties of Polymers
Synthesis
Physical Properties of Solid Polymers
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Classes of Polymers Used in Medicine
Medical Polymers Come of Age
Legislation can Reduce the Risks of Innovation
Merging Polymer Science and Biology
Exciting Research: Biopolymer Optics and Electronics
Synthesizing Active Polymers with Potential Bio-Interfaces
Chapter Two: Biodegradable Polymers and Medical Applications
- Moving from Inert to Reactive
- Definitions
- Advantages
- Design Criteria
- The Temporary Scaffold
- Degradable Sutures
- The Temporary Barrier
- The Drug Delivery Device
- Multifunctional Devices
- Tissue Engineering
- Bioactive Matrices
- Removing Blood Clots from Circulation
- New Chemistry Techniques
- Other New Formulations
- Chemistry and Physics of Biodegradable Polymers
- Processing of Biodegradable Polymers
- Mechanisms of Chemical Degradation
- Packaging and Sterilization of Biodegradable Polymers
- Degradation
- New Biomaterial Shows Promise for Medical Applications
- Biodegradable Polymers in Tissue Engineering
- Researchers Create First "Designer" Biomaterial for Growing Mammalian Nerve Cells
- Classification and Basic Structure
- Preparation
- Hydrogel Swelling Behavior
- Properties of Some Biomedically and Pharmaceutically Important Hydrogels
- Applications
- First, Nondestructible Polymers, Now You Want What?
- Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), and Copolymers
- Polycaprolactone
- Polyanhydrides
- Poly(ortho Esters)
- Poly(amino Acids) and "Pseudo" -poly(amino Acids)
- Polycyanoacrylates
- Polyphosphazenes
- Poly(lactic Acid) and Poly(glycolic Acid)
Biocompatibility
Biodegradable Polymers
Medical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers
Hydrogels
Currently Available Degradable Polymers
Chapter Three: Bone and Cartilage Replacement
- Bone Cement
- The Bone Growth Factor
- Biomaterials Laced with Molecular Signals
- Expanding Bone Growth Techniques to other Tissues
- The Genetics Dimension
- Plasmids
- New Polymer System for the Delivery of Plasmids
- Bone Marrow Stem Cells
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Trials Await Food and Drug Administration Action
- Competitive Pressures Limit Research
Bone Morphogenic Proteins
Starting the Bone Growth Process
Tissue Engineers Build New Bone
Gene Therapy
New Stem Cell Sources
Artery/Cartilage Replacement Biomaterial
Production of Human-Like Finger Joint
Protein Delivery System May Help Fight Osteoporosis
Inorganic Materials and Enzymes Disperse into Biodegradable Composites
Cell-Loaded Matrix Can Repair Bones
Chapter Four: Dressings for Burns and Chronic Wounds
- Wound Dressings
- Hydrogel Drug Delivery System
- Imbedded Polymer Fabrics
- A Nontoxic Sterilization Process for Biomaterials
- Wound Care After Laser Resurfacing
- Artificial Cell Membranes for Medical Use
- Artificial Skin and other Biotech Devices Aid Wound Repair
- Wound-Healing Products
- Antiadhesive Products
Bioreactive Fabrics
Chapter Five: Molecular Imprinted Polymers
- Host-Guest Chemistry
- Biomimetic Recognition Systems
- Recognition Sites
- Sensor Design Criteria
- Evolving Biosensor Technology
- Future Sensor Prospects
- Separation Technology
- Producing Molecular-Imprinted Polymers
- Molecular Recognition
- Specific Examples for Chromatographic Separations
- Chiral Separations with Molecular Imprinted Polymer Stationary Phases
- Making Polymer Coats for Molecules
- Plastic Pharmaceuticals
- Stretching Polymers May Effect Molecular Recognition
Process Overview
History
Making an Imprint
Advantages and Limitations
Examples of Molecular Imprinted Polymers
Future Directions
Pros and Cons
Plastics with Molecular Memory
Chemical Sensors
Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Chromatographic Separation
Preparation and Optimization
Cutting Edge Research and the Future
Chapter Six: Polymer Coatings and Surfaces for Medical Applications
- Increased Functionality and Versatility
- Coating Adhesion-Resistant Devices
- Conductive Coatings
- Implant Coatings
- Increasing Heat Resistance
- Special Cases
- Antibacterial Coatings
- Drug-Delivery Coatings
- Getting Drugs to Hard-to-reach Places
- Engineering a New Drug Delivery Profile
- New Gel Could Mean Fewer Pills
- Star Polymer Has Drug Delivery Potential
- Self-Assembled Monolayers and RhoA
- Oligomers Of Ethylene Glycol (OEG)
Polymer Coatings for Medical Products
Polymer Coatings and Substrates for Drug Delivery Applications
Coating Process May Prevent Body from Rejecting Medical Implants
Surfaces Provide Key to Design of Clinically Useful Materials
Chapter Seven: Tissue Engineering
- Skin Engineering
- Bone Regeneration
- Escalating Costs of Health Care
- Aging of the Population
- Organ Failure and Transplantation
- Challenges
- Future Outlook
- A Promising Multidiscipline Approach
- Microfabrication
- The Bladder is Almost Here
- On to the Kidney and the Heart
- Standards for Organ Builders
- Building a Liver in Tubes and Layers
- From Cell Layers to Organs
- Cartilage Engineering
Overview
An Emerging Industry
Factors Driving Tissue Engineering Development
Dog Bladders and Human Hearts
Mass-Producing Polymer Scaffolds
Cell Culture in Three Dimensions
Animal Rights
Preserving and Shipping Artificial Tissues and Organs
Photopolymers
Chapter Eight: Product Development, Approval, and Regulations
- Time is Money
- Testing the Biomaterial or the Medical Device?
- Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
- Medical Device Amendments
- What Is a Medical Device?
- Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990
- Device Classification (21 CFR 860.3)
- Premarket Approval Application
- Investigational Device Exemption (IDE)
- Alternative Product Development Protocols
- Nonclinical Testing
- Clinical Testing
- Biocompatibility of Medical Materials
- The Standards Organizations
- Good Laboratory Practices
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health Premarket Review Staff
- Types of Standards
- Biocompatibility Standards
Overview
Historical Overview of Medical Materials and Device Regulation
The Review and Approval Processes: Step by Step
Device Testing
Factors in Biocompatibility Evaluations
Who Writes Standards?
Who Uses Standards?
The American Society For Testing and Materials System
Committees
Chapter Nine: Market Perspective
- Commercial Biodegradable Devices
- Spinal Bone Graft
- New Directions in Coronary Stenting
The Healthcare Marketplace
The Evolution of Medical Polymers
Tissue Engineering: Spare Parts
Medical Coatings Market Segment
Diagnostic Testing Segment
Biomaterials
Barriers to Progress
Chapter Ten: Company Profiles
ABIOMED, Inc.
Acordis BV
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Allergan, Inc.
Alza Corporation (Johnson & Johnson)
Apogent Technologies Inc.
Arrow International, Inc.
Ballard Medical Products (Kimberly-Clark Health Care)
C. R. Bard, Inc.
Bausch & Lomb Inc.
Baxter International Inc.
Becton, Dickinson and Co.
Biocompatibles International Plc
Biomet, Inc.
Bionx Implants, Inc.
Boston Scientific Corporation
Carrington Laboratories, Inc.
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc.
Clontech Laboratories, Inc.
ConvaTec
CryoLife, Inc.
Curative Health Services, Inc.
DePuy Inc.
Guidant Corporation
Haemonetics Corporation
Imagyn Medical Technologies, Inc.
Imperial Chemical Industries Plc
Implant Sciences Corporation
INAMED Corporation
Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corporation
Interpore International, Inc.
LifeCell Corporation
Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc.
Mentor Corporation
Nobel Biocare AB
Organogenesis Inc.
Ortec International, Inc.
Orthofix International N.V.
OrthoLogic Corp.
Osteotech, Inc.
Planet Polymer Technologies, Inc.
Polymer Group, Inc.
ProCyte Corporation
Protein Polymer Technologies, Inc.
Smith & Nephew Plc
Stryker Corporation
Sulzer Medica Ltd
Synthetech, Inc.
Tutogen Medical Inc.
Wright Medical Group, Inc.
Zimmer Holdings, Inc.
Appendix A: Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics ASTM D 1600-92
Appendix B: Plaspec Materials Selection Database
More Details
Innovation in Cell Hosting, Drug Delivery, and Biocoatings Drive Advanced Medical Polymers into New Era
New York, February 5, 2002 /PR Newswire — Advanced polymer research is leading to thousands of new and innovative medical devices, many of which were not possible only a few years ago, according to a new study released today by Kalorama Information and available at MarketResearch.com. Those areas with the most potential appear to be applications in tissue engineering and transplant medicine, devices that deliver pharmaceuticals, and specialized polymer coatings that allow for more complex device design, according to the study.
The study, Advanced Polymers for Medical Applications, found a plethora of opportunity in new polymer research, noting that the markets for some applications such as cell hosting in which a polymer scaffold makes tissue growth possible, have nearly unlimited growth potential. The market potential for tissue-engineered healthcare solutions has been estimated at over $80 billion, according to the study. Some other areas of promising research identified by the study include biodegradable polymers and hydrogels, molecular imprinted polymers, conductive polymers, and biopolymers.
"A few years ago medical device designers were forced to work with a small handful of classic biomaterials, and polymers were used in medical implants only as inert structural materials," notes James P. Smith, PhD, the author of the report. "However, the standard concept of a medical implant as an inanimate, mechanical product seldom applies today. Advanced medical polymers are now capable of biological processes, and can become a functional part of living organisms."
The study also found, though, that there are significant obstacles to progress in the sector. Nuances of medical device regulation and the unique structure of the healthcare markets have created barriers to product development, especially for companies that are entering the medical arena for the first time. The report contains an extensive step-by-step review of the approval process and the industry’s standards.
About Kalorama Information
Kalorama Information, a division of MarketResearch.com, supplies the latest in market research for the life sciences. For more information, contact Steven Heffner at 212-807-2634 or sheffner@kaloramainformation.com.
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Buy by the Section
 | Introduction to Polymers for Medical Applications (pp. 19 - 54) $579.00 |
| Biodegradable Polymers and Medical Applications (pp. 55 - 102) $895.00 |
| Bone and Cartilage Replacement (pp. 103 - 120) $341.00 |
| Dressings for Burns and Chronic Wounds (pp. 121 - 140) $370.00 |
| Molecular Imprinted Polymers (pp. 141 - 166) $468.00 |
| Polymer Coatings and Surfaces for Medical Applications (pp. 167 - 210) $827.00 |
| Tissue Engineering (pp. 211 - 230) $347.00 |
| Product Development, Approval, and Regulations (pp. 231 - 258) $473.00 |
| Market Perspective (pp. 259 - 274) $218.00 |
| Company Profiles (pp. 275 - 302) $493.00 |
| Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics ASTM D 1600- 92 (pp. 303 - 308) $48.00 |
| PLASPEC Materials Selection Database (pp. 309 - 312) $48.00 |