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Obesity in America: Understanding Weight Management from a Consumer PerspectivePublished by: Hartman Group Published: Mar. 15, 2004 - 156 Pages Price reduced due to age.Table of ContentsKey Findings Weight Perceptions Self-Assessed Weight Segments The Obesity “Problem” Dieting Information Sources Daily Habits Portion Control Introduction Chapter I Body Perceptions and Consumer Language Defining Obesity from a Consumer Perspective Self-Assessed Consumer Weight Segments Languaculture Mapping: Language Used to Describe Body Weight Connections Between Weight, Physical Health and Wellness Chapter I: Key Findings Chapter II Body Image and Body Weight Personal Weight Assessment Weight Assessment of Others Body Mass Index The Self-Assessments of Wellness Consumers The Body as an Ongoing Site of Self-Improvement Chapter II: Key Findings Chapter III Consumers’ Daily Habits, Goals and Barriers Consumer Explanations for Obesity Defining Weight Management from a Consumer Perspective Behaviors Associated with Weight Management Daily Habits and Perceptions Relevance of Leading a “Healthy Lifestyle” Chapter III: Key Findings Chapter IV Media and Other Information Sources Trustworthiness and Credibility The Usefulness and Impact of Specific Information Sources Trends in the Use of Information Sources The Internet as a Contemporary Information Source Perceived Impact of Obesity Chapter IV: Key Findings Chapter V Social Networks Informal Social Networks Intervention Interaction with Healthcare Practitioners Chapter V: Key Findings Chapter VI Food Habits, Occasions and Settings Eating Within the Household Eating Out Indulgence Snacking A Comparative Analysis of Situations, Contexts and Dimensions Chapter VI: Key Findings Chapter VII Portion Size Challenges Portion Size and Restaurants When Science Backfires Chapter VII: Key Findings Recommendations Appendix I . Methodology Quantitative Qualitative Appendix II . The World of Wellness The Hartman Model Appendix III . Additional Charts Socio-demographic Characteristics and Self-assessed Body Image The Perceived Need to Lose Weight Opinions about the “Obesity Problem” Responsibility for Overweight and Obesity Attitudes toward Overweigh General Wellness Attitudes Attitudes toward “Healthy” Eating Information and Knowledge Related to Health, Wellness and Weight Management The Weight Management Routine Which of the Following Do You Consider a Form of Exercise? How Often Have You Engaged in the Following Activities in the Past Three Months? Events that Delay or Interrupt Plans to Gain or Lose Weight Regulations in the Age of Obesity Dieting Attitudes and Behaviors Dieting to Lose Weight Which of the Following Sources of Weight Management Information Has Been Useful to You? Figures Figure 1. “I Need Toning” Figure 2. “My clothes are too tight” Figure 3. “I’m big-boned” Figure 4. “I’m overweight, but I’m healthy” Figure 5. “They told me I’m obese” Figure 6. There is nothing wrong with being overweight as long as the person is healthy Figure 7. “Healthy” Attitudes of Each Wellness Segment Figure 8. Use of Supplements and Pills by Each Wellness Segment Figure 9. Idealized Images of Body Weight Figure 10. Comparison of Self to Others Figure 11. Distribution of Adult Consumers According to Self-Assessed Body Image Figure 12. Relative Size of Each Self-Assessed Body Image Segment (Quintile) Figure 13. Segmentation of Self-Assessed Body Image into Quintiles Figure 14. Assessing Others: “An Overweight Man” Figure 15. Assessing Others: “A Normal Weight Woman” Figure 16. Assessing Others: “A Slightly Overweight Boy” Figure 17. Self-Assessed Body Image in Comparison to Each of the Portrayed Images Figure 18. Relative Size of Self-Assessed Body Image Segments within Each Medically Defined (BMI) Weight Group Figure 19. Perceived Need to Lose Weight: CDC’s Medically Defined (BMI) Weight Groups Compared to Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 20. Percent of Overweight and Obese Who Equate Their Body Image with a Portrayed Image Figure 21. Percent of Each Wellness Segment in the Heaviest and Lightest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 22. Plans Tried or Considered Trying to Lose Weight Figure 23. Percent Dieting to Lose Weight Figure 24. Dropout Rate of Dieters Trying to Lose Weight Figure 25. Dropout Rate of “Short-Term” Dieters Trying to Lose Weight Figure 26. Short-Term Dropout Rate of Each Self-Assessed Body Image Segment Figure 27. Why did you end that Figure 28. Physical Activities in Which Consumers Report Regular Participation (Over Three Times/Week) Figure 29. Scope of Credibility for Information Sources Figure 30. Percent Finding Different Information Sources Useful for Learning about Weight Management Figure 31. Increase in Number of Media Reports on Obesity, September 1999 - September 2003 Figure 32. Shifting Opinions of America’s Most Urgent Health Problems, February 1999 - November 2003 Figure 33. Individual Responsibility for Weight Figure 34. Blaming Companies for Obesity Figure 35. Consumers Say Obesity is the Result of Individual Choice Figure 36. I talk to my friends and family about health and wellness Figure 37. “I would like more information about weight management” Figure 38. “The information I read or hear about weight management is contradictory” Figure 39. “Which of the following information sources has been useful to you?” Figure 40. Looking for Healthy Options: Eating Out versus Shopping for Home Figure 41. Scale Instrument Used to Assess Weight Figure 42. Percent of Each Age Group in the Two Highest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 43. Percent of Each Race Category in the Two Highest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 44. Percent of Men and Women in the Two Highest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 45. Percent in the Two Highest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments by Selected Heights Figure 46. Percent of Each Education Level in the Two Highest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 47. Percent of Each Household Income Bracket in the Two Highest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 48. Percent of Each Region in the Two Highest Self-Assessed Body Image Segments Figure 49. I know someone who should lose 20lbs or more Figure 50. I should lose 20lbs or more Figure 51. The media has exaggerated the obesity issue Figure 52. I am very concerned about childhood obesity Figure 53. I am very concerned that obesity will increase public health care costs Figure 54. Overeating is a major cause of obesity Figure 55. Lack of physical activity is a major cause of obesity Figure 56. Genetics is a major cause of obesity Figure 57. Modern advertising is a major cause of obesity Figure 58. Drinking carbonated soft drinks is a major cause of obesity Figure 59. I am responsible for choosing the right foods to eat, not manufacturers Figure 60. Individuals are personally responsible for their own weight condition Figure 61. Children are less responsible than their parents for their own weight Figure 62. Parents are not responsible for what their children eat away from home Figure 63. Advertising food to children is wrong even if the products are healthy Figure 64. Physically disabled individuals are less responsible than others for their weight Figure 65. Companies that make high calorie snack foods are more responsible for obesity than companies that do not Figure 66. "Fast food" restaurants are more responsible than other restaurants for obesity Figure 67. There is nothing wrong with being overweight as long as the person is healthy Figure 68. Overweight individuals lack self-control Figure 69. Overweight individuals face more job discrimination than others Figure 70. Overweight individuals should pay more for their health insurance than others Figure 71. Underweight individuals should pay more for their health insurance than others Figure 72. I am proactive about my health, that is, I do things to lower health risks and prevent disease Figure 73. I use alternative health care providers (e.g., massage therapists, acupuncturists, chiropractors, naturopaths) Figure 74. I am willing to pay a premium for organically grown food and beverages Figure 75. Organic food/beverages are healthier than non-organic food/beverages Figure 76. Wellness segments Figure 77. Restaurants should offer more healthy options Figure 78. I always look for healthy options when eating out Figure 79. I always look for healthy options when shopping for food Figure 80. I always look for healthy options when shopping for beverages Figure 81. It is more important for a beverage to taste good than to be healthy Figure 82. I don't want companies making my favorite foods healthier if they don't taste as good Figure 83. There should be a fat tax on snack foods Figure 84. Healthy meals cost more than unhealthy meals Figure 85. I limit the amount of "junk" food I eat Figure 86. Some foods that I routinely eat are purely an indulgence Figure 87. I am knowledgeable about health and nutrition Figure 88. I read articles, books, and magazines about health and wellness Figure 89. I talk to my friends and family about health and wellness Figure 90. The information I read or hear about weight management is contradictory Figure 91. I would like more information about weight management Figure 92. I use herbal or specialty supplements as part of my weight management routine Figure 93. I use diet pills as part of my weight management Figure 94. I use prescription medications as part of my weight management routine Figure 95. I use non-prescription medications as part of my weight management routine Figure 96. I would consider using non-prescription medications as part of my weight management routine Figure 97. Non-prescription diet pills are not safe Figure 98. What I drink is just as important to my weight management routine as what I eat Figure 99. Jogging Figure 100. Playing sports Figure 101. Working out either at a gym or at home Figure 102. Bicycling Figure 103. Gardening or working in the yard Figure 104. Cleaning the house Figure 105. Using stairs instead of an elevator or escalator Figure 106. Walking from the farthest parking spot Figure 107. Eating dessert Figure 108. Eating breakfast (i.e., more than a cup of coffee) Figure 109. Eating “fast food” (e.g., McDonald’s, Subway) Figure 110. Eating in a sit-down restaurant (i.e., not "fast food") Figure 111. Holiday Figure 112. Special occasion (e.g., birthday, anniversary) Figure 113. Illness Figure 114. Injury Figure 115. Traveling for vacation Figure 116. Dining out at an expensive restaurant Figure 117. A night out with friends Figure 118. Marriage or personal relationship problems Figure 119. Friends or family visiting Figure 120. Moving Figure 121. Traveling for business Figure 122. Increase in workload Figure 123. Trying to "unwind" Figure 124. Change of job Figure 125. Obesity lawsuits against "fast food" restaurants Figure 126. Tightening regulations of claims and advertising for diet pills Figure 127. Nutrition labeling requirements for restaurants Figure 128. Additional nutrition labeling requirements for food manufacturers Figure 129. Regulating food sold at restaurants Figure 130. Removing beverage vending machines from public schools Figure 131. Offering only healthy beverages in public school vending machines Figure 132. Requiring physical education in public schools Figure 133. Requiring nutrition education in public schools Figure 134. Dieting Prevalence Figure 135. Which of the following weight management diets or plans have you tried or considered trying? Figure 136. For what reason(s) did you go on your most recent diet? Figure 137. What did you do differently on your most recent diet? - Ingredients Figure 138. What did you do differently on your most recent diet? - Food/Beverage Figure 139. What did you do differently on your most recent diet? - Eating/Cooking Habits Figure 140. What else did you do to augment your most recent diet? Figure 141. Why did you end your most recent diet? Figure 142. Reasons for Dieting to Lose Weight Figure 143. Changes Made to Dietary Components to Lose Weight Figure 144. Changes Made to Foods & Beverages Consumed to Lose Weight Figure 145. Changes Made to Eating Habits to Lose Weight Figure 146. Other Activities Combined with Dieting to Lose Weight Figure 147. Reasons for Ending Diet to Lose Weight Figure 148. People as Sources of Information Figure 149. Non-Human Sources of Information AbstractWhile public health officials, policy analysts, nutritionists, the media, retailers and manufacturers watch the number of overweight and obese individuals increase, they remain unable to answer a very important question. How is it that most overweight individuals appear unable to address their "problem"? In contrast, the consumer perspective is this: being overweight is not a physical health problem. That is the belief of the majority of U.S. consumers, according to this latest research from The Hartman Group. In fact, the majority of consumers regard their body type as “normal” - despite BMI measurements that show 66% of Americans are overweight or obese. This is largely due to the finding that consumers do not use objective measurements, such as body weight and BMI, to asses their body size. Rather, they compare themselves to the people they live and work around every day. Not surprisingly, being “somewhat overweight” is now seen as the normal state of affairs and the collective consumer sense of what constitutes “normal” weight has crept upward. “Obesity in America” includes in-depth analysis of the following topics:
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