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Advances in Biomaterials - Technology Impact AssessmentPublished by: Frost & Sullivan Published: Dec. 22, 2003 Table of Contents1 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Overview 1. Introduction 2. Scope and Methodology 3. Key Findings: Current Technologies and Markets 2 | INTRODUCTION TO BIOMATERIALS Basics of Biomaterials 1. Definitions 2. General Requirements of Biomaterials Categories of Biomaterials 1. Synthetic Polymer Biomaterials 2. Biopolymers (Natural Materials) 3. Biodegradable Polymers 4. Metallic Biomaterials 5. Ceramics and Glass Biomaterials 3 | SYNTHETIC POLYMER BIOMATERIALS Applications for Polymer Biomaterials 1. Selection of a Polymer 2. Method Predicts Polymer Survival in the Body Some Common Synthetic Polymer Biomaterials 1. Commonly Used Polymer Biomaterials 2. Hydrogels Current Polymer Research 1. Design Your Own Polymers 2. United Kingdom- New Avenue to Precision Polymers 3. United States and Germany-Shape Memory Polymer Helps Minimize Invasive Surgery 4. Sweden-Connect Nerves to Etched Polymer 5. United States-Natural Bandage Advances the Art of Wound Healing 6. Global Developers and Developments in Syntheic Polymer Biomaterials 4 | BIOPOLYMERS Introduction to Biopolymers 1. Trends in Biopolymer Applications 2. Opportunities and Challenges for Biopolymers Production of Biopolymers 1. Europe/United States/Japan-New Developments in Polylactic Acid (PLA) 2. Challenges Biopolymers in Medicine 1. History of Natural Products in Medicine 2. Biopolymer Applications in Medicine 3. Market Potential and Challenges 4. Intelligent Materials Current Research on Biopolymers 1. The Extracellular Matrix 2. Two New Classes of Hydrogels - New Applications 3. Global Developers and Developments in Biopolymers 5 | INORGANIC BIOMATERIALS Ceramics 1. New Way to Make Dense Complex-Shaped Ceramics 2. Clay Reduces Permeability of Biomedical Polymer Developments and Developers in Inorganic Biomaterials 1. Silver Dressings 2. Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials 3. Global Developments and Developers 6 | BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS BASED ON SURFACE PROPERTIES Biomedical Coatings 1. Biomaterials 2. Synthetic Polymers for Coating 3. Inorganic Coatings 4. Biopolymer Coatings Surface Science 1. The Interface 2. Biocompatible Coatings 3. Drug-Releasing Coatings Selected Current Research Developments 1. Coatings Promise To Prolong Hip and Knee Implants 2. Anti-Bacterial Slippery Coatings 3. Mussel Coating Makes Implants Safer 4. Using Self-Assembly to Build Medical Nanofibers 5. Coating Process Can Prevent Implant Rejection 6. Developments and Developers in Surface Biomaterial Applications 7 | BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS Drug or Device 1. Introduction 2. Some Examples Interactive Wound Care 1. Product Definitions for Interactive Wound Care Products 2. Skin Substitutes 3. Role of Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid in Wound Healing 4. Use Biological Glue to Prevent Scarring and Swelling Interface of Nerves and Electrons 1. Introduction 2. The InterStim Therapy- An Affordable Solution? 3. Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators Key Developers and Developments in Biomaterials Applications 1. Key Global Developers 2. Alternative to Fusion in International Markets 3. Prostheses Designs 4. Spain- Build Artificial Muscles Using Polypyrrole 5. Deliver Drugs to the Eyes 6. United States- Advanced Materials Get Environmentally Friendly 8 | BIOMATERIALS MARKET PROJECTIONS US Medical Devices Market Outlook 1. Global Market Outlook 2. Decision Support Database- Yearly Worldwide Estimates of Government Healthcare Expenditure 3. Decision Support Database- Yearly Worldwide Estimates of Private Healthcare Expenditure 4. Decision Support Database- Yearly Worldwide Estimates of the Prevalence of Arthritis 5. Decision Support Database- Yearly Worldwide Estimates of Heart Transplants. Pacific Rim Market Insights 1. Australia- Hip Implant Market 2. Taiwan- National Health Insurance and Orthopedics Recent US Patents Relating to Biomaterials 1. Recent US Patents Relating to Biomaterials 2. Key Contacts 9 | AWARDS Technology Leadership 1. Technology Leadership 2. Award Recipient Excellence in Technology 1. Excellence in Technology 2. Award Recipient AbstractContinuous Research Widens the Scope of Biomaterials' Applications New designs of integrated and combined material systems that can solve specific problems - for instance, drug delivery to particular sites in the body - are broadening the horizons of biomaterials' applications. The growing need for lubricious coatings and surfaces in medical devices - an outcome of the move from invasive to noninvasive medicines/procedures - is playing a major role in the advancement of biomaterials technology. Smooth coatings, enabled by the use of biomaterials, have allowed physicians to easily maneuver medical devices through small blood vessels and delicate tissues besides proving to be effective in fighting infections, controlling biodegradation, and promoting healing. This development has also enabled surgeons to perform procedures that were earlier considered to be impossible. One of the major breakthroughs in recent times is the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of the cardiac stent with a coating that releases chemicals. Orthopedic implants with bone growth enhancers, intensive wound care dressings, and scaffoldings for cell research and tissue engineering are also finding their way into the market. These pioneering technologies have reduced the divisions between drugs, materials, and medical devices while emphasizing the need for innovation/vision among regulatory agencies. This research on biomaterials is segmented into three categories: synthetic polymers (plastics), natural polymers (biomolecular materials), and inorganic materials (metals, alloys, ceramic, glass). The study provides a discussion on the properties of biomaterials - particularly when they are used as coatings - and other surface characteristics. Biotechnology provides Fresh Momentum to Research Researchers increasingly prefer development of biomaterials using natural products obtained from plants, bacteria, and animals, though synthetic polymers made from petroleum are still the most common biomaterials. "Growing polymers directly inside the plants - that are capable of producing more tailored chemistries than the existing processes - is likely to be the next biggest advancement in biomaterials research," says the analyst. "However, development period is expected to be longer as plants require more time to grow than bacteria." Modern biotechnology has given researchers the tools to probe and manipulate living systems. The new approach is not only more economical but also facilitates generation of high purity polymers as well as manipulation of biopolymer production systems to create new materials. It is now possible to genetically modify an organism so that it produces specific polymers in certain quantities. "The implications of such genetic techniques are quite profound, although research in this field is still years away from showing anything practical," comments the analyst. 'Intelligent Materials' to Define Future Success Biomaterials are currently being designed at the molecular level to match the functionalities of molecules while targeting specific applications. Polyrotaxanes is one such 'intelligent' biomaterial that can be designed to effect dynamic molecular functions similar to those of natural tissues through the movement of cyclic compounds along the polymer's linear chain. Some of the other 'intelligent materials' that are currently under development include hydrogels exhibiting critical behavior, anionic and cationic hydrogels, controlled porous structures, ultrapure biomaterials, tailored copolymers with desirable functional groups, biomimetic hydrogels, biodegradable polymers responding to specific biological conditions, and polymers precisely replicating selected properties. These vast arrays of biomaterials have set the stage for explosive growth in this segment.
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