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Published by: CHI Insight Pharma Reports
Published: Aug. 1, 2003 - 158 Pages Special! Hard Copy reduced to $1500, Instant Online Delivery reduced to $2150!
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Cancer Overview: A Rich Vein for Genome-Focused Strategies
1.1 Improved Prognoses Despite Limited Pharmacological Advances
1.2 Epidemiology of Specific Cancers
Incidence
Survival Rates
1.3 The Transition from Bench to Bedside
Chapter 2. Cancer Genomics (Oncogenomics)
2.1 Human Genetics and Genomics
Genetic Variation (Polymorphism) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
Somatic Cell Gene Mutations
2.2 Identifying Genes Associated with Cancer
2.3 Population Genomics
2.4 Linkage Analysis
2.5 Disease Association Studies
Whole Genome Scanning
Candidate Gene Approach
Haplotype Mapping
2.6 Current Methods of Detecting Genetic (SNP) Markers
2.7 Emerging SNP Detection Methods
Mobious Genomics (Exeter, UK)
U.S. Genomics (Woburn, Massachusetts)
Solexa (Little Chesterton, UK)
Chapter 3. The Genotyping Market
3.1 Databases of Genomic Information
3.2 Cancer Genes
3.3 Problems and Progress
Chapter 4. Genes Identified with Specific Cancers
4.1 Finding Cancer-Specific Genes
4.2 The Prime Example: Breast Cancer
Chapter 5. From Genome to Drug
5.1 Signal Transduction
Oncogenes, Oncoproteins, and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Receptor-Linked Enzymes
5.2 Products Recently Launched Targeting Specific Signal Pathways
5.3 Small-Molecule Cancer Drugs Targeting Signal Pathways
Chapter 6. Key Pathways Under Investigation
6.1 The Ras Pathway
Farnesyl Transferase (FT) Inhibitors
Raf Kinase Inhibitors
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAP Kinase)
SOS Protein—A Possible Ras Pathway Inhibitor
Transcription Factors Controlled by Ras Pathway
6.2 Growth Factor Receptors
Outlook for Drugs Targeting Growth Factor Receptors
Miscellaneous Approaches Targeting Cell Growth and Proliferation Pathways
6.3 Apoptosis
Bcl Family of Oncogenes
C-myc
Protein Kinase A
Fas and Fas Ligand
Phosphoinositide Kinase-3 (PI3K)
Outlook for Drugs Affecting Apoptosis
6.4 Control of the Cell Cycle
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (Cdk’s) and Cyclins
m-Tor (Target of Rapamycin)
Outlook for Drugs Targeting the Cell Cycle
6.5 Angiogenesis and Metastasis
Outlook for Drugs Targeting Metastasis and Angiogenesis
Chapter 7. Summary and Review of Drugs in Late-Stage Development
Chapter 8. Expert Commentaries
Lars Baumbusch, The Norwegian Radium Hospital
Marcia S. Brose, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center
Sean Buchanan, Structural GenomiX Inc.
Barry A. Bunin, Sertanty
C. Cantor, SEQUENOM
Kenneth C. Carter, Avalon Pharmaceuticals
Geoffrey Duyk, Exelixis
Riccardo Fodde, Leiden University Medical Center
Alain Jacquemin-Sablon, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie des Agents Anticancereux Institut Bergonié
Annalisa Lorenzato, University of Torino School of Medicine, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment
Thorunn Rafnar, Iceland Genomics Corporation
Gary Schweikhardt, Epigenomics AG
Liam Seery, EiRx Pharma
Karol Sikora, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital
Lilian Vakalopoulou, metaGen
Chapter 9. Vital Business Statistics of Key Players
Beyond Genomics
Bionomics Ltd.
Compugen
CuraGen
deCODE genetics
diaDexus
EiRx Therapeutics
Epigenomics
Exelixis
Galapagos Genomics
The Genetics Company
Iceland Genomics
Immusol
Incyte Corporation
Maxygen
metaGen Pharmaceuticals
Millennium Pharmaceuticals
Myriad Genetics
PhenoGenomics Corporation
Quark Biotech Inc.
SEQUENOM
3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals
Glossary
Company Index
Tables and Figures
Table 1: Incidence of Major Cancer Indications (Thousands of Patients) in Europe, the U.S., and Japan
Table 2: Five-Year Survival Rates for Various Cancers Following Initial Diagnosis
Table 3: Selected, Recently Identified Genes Associated With Cancer
Table 4: Methods of SNP Detection and Gene Expression Analysis
Table 5: Selected Company Activities in Cencer Genomics
Table 6: Selected Databases Listing (Suspected) Genes Associated With Cancer
Table 7: Drugs Targeting Cell Signal Pathways
Table 8: Growth Factor Receptor Modifiers in Clinical Trials
Table 9: Signal Pathways Targeted in Cancer Research
Table 10: Products in Clinical Trials Targeting the Ras Pathway
Table 11: Preclinical Trials Targeting the Ras Pathway
Table 12: Growth Factor Receptor Modifiers in Preclinical Investigation
Table 13: Agents in Clinical Trials Modifying Cell Growth and Proliferation
Table 14: Selected Projects in Preclinical Development Focusing on Inhibition of Cell Growth and Proliferation
Table 15: Frequency of Overexpression of Bcl-2 in Commonly Occurring Tumors
Table 16: Products in Clinical Trials Targeting Cell Apoptosis
Table 17: Projects in Preclinical Investigation Targeting Apoptosis
Table 18: Functions of Selected Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CDIs)
Table 19: Products in Clinical Trials Targeting Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Table 20: Projects in Preclinical Investigation Targeting Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Table 21: Products in Clinical Trials Directed at Specific Molecular Targets for Prevention of Metastatic Tumor Growth
Table 22: Preclinical Research on Molecular Targets Related to Metastasis and Angiogenesis
Table 23: Anticancer Agents in Late-Stage Development (by Indication)
Figure 1: Overview of Leading Pharmacological Strategies
Figure 2: Classification of Small Molecules According to Mode of Action
Figure 3: The Drug Assembly Line
Figure 4: The Ras Pathway
Figure 5: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling Pathways
Figure 6: Selected Pathways Associated with Cell Apoptosis
Abstract Cancer Genomics: Revolutionizing Treatment and Reshaping Markets through Targeted Therapies provides a realistic assessment of what genomics technology will bring to the cancer treatment field within the next decade. Oncology has been impacted more strongly by genomics and related technologies than any other indication area. Cancer arises from genetic changes in cells and hence, the availability of tools to better understand exactly how this occurs is revolutionizing the field.
Rational cancer drug design, or targeted therapy development, has become the major focus in this field. Drugs like Genentech/Roche’s Herceptin, and Novartis’ Gleevec, illustrate how this new paradigm can be successful. However, as in many other areas, target validation is the rate-limiting step in cancer drug discovery and development. Another major issue is the development of accompanying markers and assays, both to validate the drug’s mechanism of action and to identify subgroups of patients whose cancers have the biochemical attributes necessary for a response. It has proven extremely difficult to find these, and to develop accurate tests. This report evaluates current efforts to overcome these hurdles, and addresses the following key focus areas:
- Efforts to single out targets related to the signal transduction network within cells that are instrumental to growth, proliferation, cell death, and angiogenesis. Genomics is also being applied to identify surface tumor antigens that may function as targets for the development of tumor vaccines and mAb-based products.
- The use of genomics to further elucidate many established pathways in tumorgenesis and progression, and to identify and describe many new avenues and specific targets.
- The race to develop cancer agents based on antagonizing growth factor receptors. Approximately 20 drugs exploiting this mechanism are in clinical trials.
This report is a useful summary to marketing and licensing departments that need to quickly assess the latest developments in cancer genomics. It will also enable R&D and commercial departments to assess competitive developments, and help guide possible collaborations with specialist companies to complement in-house activities.
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