|
Published by: Homeland Security Research Corporation
Published: Mar. 1, 2003 - 176 Pages
Table of Contents
1. Scope
1.1. Coverage
1.2. Technologies
1.3. Market
1.4. Legislation
2. Container/Vehicle Screening - Relevant Legislation and Regulations
2.1. International Maritime Organization (IMO) Security Proposals
2.2. The Port, Maritime, and Rail Security Act of 2001 (S. 1214)
2.3. Container Security Initiative (CSI)
2.4. Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)
3. Container Screening - Current Technologies
3.1. Current Technologies
3.2. X-Ray systems
3.2.1. Background
3.2.2. X-Ray Systems - Purpose
3.2.3. X-Ray Systems - Principles of operation
3.2.4. Material "Masking" and/or Interruption
3.2.5. Advantages and Weaknesses of X-ray technology
3.2.6. X-Ray Screening Systems - State of Development
3.2.7. X-Ray Screening Systems - Standards and Guidelines
3.2.8. X-Ray Screening - Vendors / Products
3.3. Gamma Ray Systems
3.3.1. Background
3.3.2. Gamma Ray Systems - Principles of operation
3.3.3. Comparison between different Gamma Ray Screening Technologies
3.3.4. Advantages and Weaknesses of Gamma Ray technology .
3.3.5. Gamma Ray Screening Systems - State of Development
3.3.6. Gamma Ray Screening Systems - Standards and Guidelines .
3.3.7. Gamma Ray Screening - Vendors / Products
3.4. Linac X-Ray systems
3.4.1. Linac X-Ray - Background
3.4.2. Linac X-Ray Systems - Principles of operation .
3.4.3. Linac X-Ray Screening - Detailed Description of Technologies
3.4.4. Dual view Linac Systems
3.4.5. Advantages and Weaknesses of Linac X-Ray technology
3.4.6. Linac X-Ray Screening Systems - State of Development
3.4.7. Linac X-Ray Screening Systems - Standards and Guidelines
3.4.8. Linac X-Ray Screening - Vendors / Products.
3.5. Neutron Activation Systems
3.5.1. Neutron Activation Background
3.5.2. Neutron Activation Systems - Principles of operation
3.5.3. Neutron Activation Screening - Detailed Description of Technologies
3.5.4. Comparison Between Neutron Activation Screening Technologies
3.5.5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Fast Neutron Activation Technology
3.5.6. Neutron Activation Screening Systems - State of Development
3.5.7. Neutron Activation Screening Systems - Standards and Guidelines
3.5.8. Neutron Activation Screening - Vendors
3.6. Comparison of Current Container Screening Technologies
3.6.1. Important Notes
4. Container Screening - Current Products
4.1. Container Screening - Fixed Systems
4.1.1. General Discussion
4.1.2. Fixed Systems Available Systems - By Technology
4.1.3. Fixed Systems - Economic Analysis
4.1.4. Fixed Systems - Summary of Economic Analysis
4.1.5. Fixed Systems Vendors
4.1.6. Terms and Abbreviations
4.1.7. Fixed Systems Product Comparison
4.2. Container Screening - Relocatable Systems
4.2.1. General discussion
4.2.2. Relocatable Systems Available Systems - By Technology
4.2.3. Relocatable Systems Economic Analysis
4.2.4. Relocatable Systems - Summary of Economic Analysis
4.2.5. Relocatable Systems Vendors / Products
4.2.6. Terms and Abbreviations
4.2.7. Relocatable Systems Product Comparison
4.3. Container Screening - Mobile Systems
4.3.1. General Discussion
4.3.2. Mobile Systems Available Systems - By Technology
4.3.3. Mobile Systems Economic Analysis
4.3.4. Mobile Systems - Summary of Economic Analysis
4.3.5. Mobile Systems Vendors / Products
4.3.6. Terms and Abbreviations
4.3.7. Mobile Systems Product Comparison
4.4. Container Screening Products - Detailed Vendor Information
4.4.1. Container Screening Products - Vendor Contact Information
4.4.2. Container Screening - Vendor Profiles
4.4.3. Container Screening - Vendor Outlook
5. Container/Vehicle Screening - Purchasing Considerations
5.1. Preliminary Steps
5.2. Gearing Up For Procurement
5.3. Selecting the Right Technology
5.4. Automatic detection
5.5. Site Considerations
5.6. Facility Construction Considerations
5.7. Manifest Verification
5.8. Impact of screening loads on shipment delays
5.9. Compliance with Initiatives and Treaties
5.10. Integration with Information Management
5.10.1. Integration Port/ Customs Information
5.11. Selection of Screening Technology
5.12. Screening throughput
5.13. Radiation source lifespan and replacement cost
5.14. Radiation safety
5.15. Radiation Commissioning
5.16. Preventive Maintenance - Container screening
5.17. Uptime
5.18. Threat Image Protection (TIP)
5.19. Maintenance Contract
5.20. Training means & methods
5.21. EU Rules (for EU Ports only)
Appendix A - Container Screening Explosives Trace Detection
Scope
Purpose Of Explosives Trace Detectors
Current Trace Detection Systems
Trace Detection technologies - Advantages and Weaknesses
Explosives Trace Detectors - Principles of Operation
Sample collection methods
Trace Detection Technologies
Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (IMS)
ChemiLuminescence (CL) - (also known as Thermal Energy Analyzers, or TEA)
Electron Capture Detectors (ECD)
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) and GC-SAW
Explosives Trace Detectors - Economic Analysis
Cost of Equipment Ownership
Cost of Personnel / Year
Cost of Checkpoint / Year
Cost of Transaction
Explosives Trace Detectors State of Developmeny
Standards and Guidelines
Explosives Trace Detectors - Vendors
Explosives Trace Detectors - Current Vendors
Explosives Trace Detectors - Vendor Information
Explosives Trace Detectors - Vendor Profiles
Explosives Trace Detectors - Vendors Outlook
Explosives Trace Detectors - Purchasing Considerations
Explosives Trace Detectors - Product Comparison
Explosives Trace Detectors - Comparison Table Specifications Definitions
Explosives Trace Detectors - Abbreviations:
Explosives Trace Detection - Product Comparison Tables
Trace Detectors Price Comparison Table
Appendix B - Health and Safety Issues
Safety procedures surrounding the scanning process
Health and safety procedures
Radiation protection
Exhaust fumes in fixed or relocatable scanners
Gas in containers
Appendix C - Maintenance and Service Agreements
Maintenance Contract
Appendix D - U.S. Customs Service CSI Questionnaire
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 - 2003 CONTAINER / VEHICLE SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 2 - X-RAY CONTAINER SCREENING SYSTEM (MOBILE) AND CONTROL FACILITY
FIGURE 3 - X-RAY SCREENING IN THE CONTEXT OF OVERALL
CONTAINER/VEHICLE SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 4 - X-RAY CONTAINER SCREENING - PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
FIGURE 5 - CONVENTIONAL X-RAY SCREENING IN CONTEXT OF
OVERALL TECHNOLOGIES.
FIGURE 6 - CONVENTIONAL X-RAY
FIGURE 7 - X-RAY SCREENING - BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 8 - DUAL ENERGY X-RAY SCREENING IN CONTEXT OF OVERALL TECHNOLOGIES24
FIGURE 9 - DUAL ENERGY X-RAY
FIGURE 10 - MATERIAL DIFFERENTIATION BY DUAL ENERGY X-RAY
FIGURE 11 - DUAL ENERGY Z MAP
FIGURE 12 - DUAL VIEW X-RAY SCREENING IN CONTEXT OF OVERALL TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 13 - DUAL VIEW X-RAY - PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
FIGURE 14 - BACKSCATTER X-RAY SCREENING IN CONTEXT OF
OVERALL TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 15 - BACKSCATTER X-RAY + PENETRATING X-RAY
FIGURE 16 - GAMMA IMAGING CONTAINER SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 17 - GAMMA SOURCE CONTAINER/VEHICLE SCREENING
FIGURE 18 - GAMMA RAY SCREENING - BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 19 - LINAC X-RAY CONTAINER SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 20 - LINAC X-RAY CONTAINER/VEHICLE SCREENING
FIGURE 21 - LINAC SCREENING SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 22 - DUAL VIEW LINAC CONTAINER/ VEHICLE IMAGING SYSTEM
FIGURE 23 - PULSED FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION CONTAINER/VEHICLE SCREENING
FIGURE 24 - PULSED FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION CONTAINER/VEHICLE SCREENING
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 25 - A TYPICAL FIXED SITE CONTAINER SCREENING CHECKPOINT
FIGURE 26 - A TYPICAL RELOCATABLE SCREENING SITE CHECKPOINT
FIGURE 27 - A TYPICAL MOBILE SCREENING SYSTEM
FIGURE 28 - AN ARBITRARY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FRACTION OF SCREENED
CONTAINERS AND SHIP DEPARTURE DELAYS
FIGURE 29 - TRACE DETECTION GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
FIGURE 30 - THE AIRBORNE CONCENTRATION OF VARIOUS “OPEN CAN” EXPLOSIVES
FIGURE 31 - TYPICAL SENSITIVITY OF VARIOUS EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTION
TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 32 - ION MOBILITY SPECTROSCOPY (IMS).
FIGURE 33 - CHEMILUMINESCENCE (CL)
FIGURE 34 - ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTORS (ECD)
FIGURE 35 - SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (SAW) AND GC-SAW
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 - X-RAY DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES - APPLICABILITY TO CONTAINER AND
TABLE 2 - CONVENTIONAL X-RAY - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
TABLE 3 - CONVENTIONAL X-RAY VENDORS / SYSTEMS
TABLE 4 - DUAL ENERGY VENDORS / SYSTEMS
TABLE 5 - EXPLOSIVES, DRUGS, AND COMMON X-RAY "INTERRUPTION" MATERIALS
TABLE 6 - DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
TABLE 7 - DUAL VIEW VENDORS / SYSTEMS
TABLE 8 - DUAL VIEW X-RAY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES .
TABLE 9 - BACKSCATTER & X-RAY VENDORS / SYSTEMS
TABLE 10 - X-RAY SCREENING SYSTEMS - VENDORS AND PRODUCTS
TABLE 11 - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GAMMA RAY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 12 - GAMMA TECHNOLOGY: CONTAINER / VEHICLE SCREENING
VENDORS / SYSTEMS
TABLE 13 - ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESSES OF LINAC X-RAY TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 14 - LINAC TECHNOLOGY: CONTAINER / VEHICLE SCREENING
VENDORS / SYSTEMS
TABLE 15 - NEUTRON ACTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES - COMPARISON
TABLE 16 - FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION TECHNOLOGY - ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
TABLE 17 - PULSED FAST NEUTRON ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY: CONTAINER / VEHICLE
SCREENING VENDORS / SYSTEMS
TABLE 18 - CAR BOMB SCREENING - VENDORS/SYSTEMS
TABLE 19 - ALL IN ONE GLANCE - COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTAINER SCREENING
TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 20 - FIXED SCREENING SYSTEMS - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
TABLE 21 - FIXED SCREENING SYSTEMS - VENDORS AND PRODUCTS - BY TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 22 - SUMMARY OF FIXED SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS A FACILITY
TABLE 23 - SUMMARY OF FIXED SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS B FACILITY
TABLE 24 - SUMMARY OF FIXED SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS C FACILITY
TABLE 25 - FIXED SCREENING SYSTEMS - VENDORS AND PRODUCTS
TABLE 26 - RELOCATABLE CONTAINER SCREENING SYSTEMS - BY TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 27 - SUMMARY OF RELOCATABLE SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS A
FACILITY
TABLE 28 - SUMMARY OF RELOCATABLE SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS B
FACILITY
TABLE 29 - SUMMARY OF FIXED SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS C FACILITY
TABLE 30 - RELOCATABLE SCREENING SYSTEMS - VENDORS AND PRODUCTS
TABLE 31 - MOBILE CONTAINER SCREENING SYSTEMS - BY TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 32 - SUMMARY OF MOBILE SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS A FACILITY 122
TABLE 33 - SUMMARY OF MOBILE SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS B FACILITY
TABLE 34 - SUMMARY OF MOBILE SYSTEM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - CLASS C FACILITY
TABLE 35 - MOBILE SCREENING SYSTEMS - VENDORS AND PRODUCTS
TABLE 36 - COST OF SCREENING TRANSACTIONS V(S) SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND
CHECKPOINT SCREENING DEMAND
TABLE 37 - TRACE DETECTION SYSTEMS - VENDOR/PRODUCT QUICK
REFERENCE TABLE
TABLE 38 - TRACE DETECTION - PROS AND CONS.
TABLE 39 - TRACE EXPLOSIVE-DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 40 - EXPLOSIVES TRACE DETECTION - VENDORS AND PRODUCTS TABLE
TABLE 41 - TRACE DETECTION SYSTEMS - PRODUCT PRICING COMPARISON TABLE
AbstractCargo screening is one of the most urgent items on the agenda of virtually every security manager of every transport or shipping-related facility.
The report describes 38 different products and technologies, offered by 10 vendors.
The 2003 Cargo Screening - Product Report covers the following products/technologies:
- X-Ray Based Systems
- Neutron Activation Systems
- Nuclear Threat Detection
- Linac X-ray Systems
Last updated March 2003
Get Full Details About This Report >>
|
