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Nanotubes: Technology and DirectionsPublished by: BCC Research Published: Feb. 1, 2003 - 280 Pages Table of ContentsIntroduction Objective And Purpose Of This Report Reasons For This Study Contributions The Study Scope And Format Methodology And Sources Of Information Related Reports And Author's Credentials Bcc On-Line Services Internet Summary Summary Table: Global Markets For Research Grade Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotube For Short Term Applications, Through 2006 ($ Millions) Summary Figure: Global Markets For Research Grade Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotube For Short Term Applications, 2001, 2002 And 2006 ($ Millions) Technology Overview What Is A Nanotube? A Brief History Of Nanotubes Comparison Of Carbon Compounds Table 1. Properties Of Carbon Compounds Diamond Graphite Buckyballs Nanotubes Table 2. Energies Of Formation Of Carbon Compounds Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotubes Nanotube Properties Physical Properties Of Nanotubes Brittleness Ductile Elongation Strength Of Nanotubes How Likely Are Nanotubes To Achieve This Theoretical Strength? Modulus Of Nanotubes Electronic Properties Of Nanotubes Electron Emission Quantum Wires Varying Conductivity Infineon's Breakthrough Table 3. Comparison Of Nanotubes In Via And Transistor Applications In Integrated Circuits Applications For Nanotubes Nanotubes In Vias Orientation Connections Types Of Nanotubes Production Methodology Performance Requirements Time Frame The Use Of Nanotubes Nanotube Production Table 4. Comparison Of Nanotube Production Technologies Arc Discharge Technology Advantages Of Arc Discharge Technology Disadvantages Of Arc Discharge Technology Competing Reactions Scale-Up Batch Process Will Arc Discharge Continue To Be Used To Produce Nanotubes? Laser Ablation Advantages Of Laser Ablation Disadvantages Of Laser Ablation Time Frame Will Laser Ablation Continue To Be Used To Produce Nanotubes? Pulsed Laser Vaporization (Plv) Chemical Vapor Deposition Advantages Of Chemical Vapor Deposition Disadvantages Of Chemical Vapor Deposition Gas Phase Processes Advantages Of Gas Phase Processes Disadvantages Of Gas Phase Processes Nanotube Separation/Characterization Separation Separation (Continued) New Separation Technology Characterization Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem) Scanning Tunnel Microscopy (Stm) Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm) Problems In Characterizing Nanotubes Problems In Characterizing Nanotubes (Continued) Challenges Facing The Growth Of The Nanotube Industry Table 5. The Two Major Challenges Affecting The Nanotube Industry The Synthesis Problem The Integration Problem The Role Of Complex Product Processing Table 6. Top Down And Bottom Up Processing Top Down Processing Bottom Up Processing Nanotube Processing Time Frame Time Frame (Continued) Industry Structure Nanotube Producers Single Wall And Specialty Multiwall Nanotube Production A Brief History Of Nanotube Production The Road To Commercialization Table 7. Smalley's Theory On The High Cost Of Nanotubes Areas Of Concern Limited Quantities Limited Accessibility Limited Commercial Relevance Smalley's Effect On The Nanotube Industry The Fallacy Of Price Nanotube Production In 2002 Nanotube Production Technologies Table 8. Producers Of Nanotubes Table 8. (Continued) Pricing Arc Discharge Technology Pricing Of Arc Discharge Nanotubes Laser Ablation/Pulsed Laser Deposition Chemical Vapor Deposition Pricing Of Chemical Vapor Deposition Nanotubes Gas Phase Processes Future Pricing Of Gas Phase Process Nanotubes Single Wall Nanotube Producers Specialty Multiwall Nanotube Producers Profitability In The Industry Nanotube Production Strategy Table 9. Business Strategy Of Nanotube Start-Ups Capital Expense Volume Requirements Pricing Strategy Competitive Position Strategy Of Various Firms Bulk Multiwall Nanotube Production A Brief History Of Multiwall Production A Brief History Of Multiwall Production (Continued) Comparing Single Wall And Specialty Multiwall With Bulk Multiwall Nanotube Production Table 10. Comparison Between Single Wall And Specialty Multiwall Nanotube And Bulk Multiwall Nanotube Production Starting Materials Physical Plant Energy Costs Process Table 11. Comparison Between Batch And Continuous Process Nanotube Production Labor Costs Production Volumes Rates Of Nanotube Production Overall Comparison Trends In The Industry Table 12. Two Possible Pathways For The Nanotube Industry Captive And Open Nanotube Production Table 13. Captive And Open Nanotube Producers Table 13. (Continued) Open Producers Of Nanotubes Capacity The Players The Players (Continued) Table 14. Global Open Nanotube Production Capacity, 2000 And 2002 Research Nanotubes Order Volumes Table 15. Typical Research Nanotube Order Volumes, 1999-2002 Captive Producers Of Nanotubes Other Captive Production Academic Production Facilities Independent Production Integrated Production Table 16. Percentage Of Single Wall Nanotubes Produced On Open And Captive Basis For The Research Market, 1999, 2002 And 2006 (%) Display Manufacturers Display Manufacturers (Continued) Table 17. Display Firms Investigating Carbon Nanotubes What Is Required To Produce Nanotubes? Table 18. Requirements For Entering The Field Of Nanotube Production Table 18. (Continued) Human Capital Table 19. Human Capital Requirements For Expansion Of The Nanotube Industry Integration Synthesis Progress Hardware Size Of Corporations Will Major Firms Enter Nanotube Production? Nanotube Consumers Electronics Firms Electron/Field Emission Field Emission Displays Other Applications Of Field Emission Devices Medical Devices Capacitors Battery Manufacturers Chemical Companies Automotive Firms Defense Industry Microscope Companies Table 20. Producers Of Afm Probe Tips (%) Figure 1. Producers Of Afm Probe Tips (%) Company Profiles Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. (Atmi) Applied Nanotechnologies Carbolex, Inc. Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc. Dupont Electrovac Gesmbh General Motors Research And Development Honeywell Hyperion Catalysis International Ise Electronics Corporation Lucent Mer Corporation Molecular Nanosystems Inc. Motorola Nanocyl S.A. Nanolab Inc. Piezomax Technologies, Inc. Pixtech Samsung Advanced Institute Of Technology Si Diamond Technology, Inc. (Sidt) Government And Academic Laboratories Academic Laboratories Table 21. Academic Laboratories Involved In Nanotube Research, By Region Rice University (Tubes@Rice) North Carolina Center For Nanoscale Materials University Of Kentucky Washington University Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne Université De Fribourg Université De Montpellier Ii Michigan State University Penn State University Harvard University Delft University Of Technology University Of Oklahoma Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Rpi) Government Laboratories Overall Funding Table 22. Growth In Nanotechnology Funding, 2000-2003 ($ Millions) Table 23. U.S. Government Nanotechnology Spending In Fy 2002 ($ Millions) Table 24. Nsf Proposed Nanotechnology Spending In Fy 2003 ($ Millions) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Nrel) National Aeronautics And Space Administration (Nasa) Products Introduction Chemistry Of Nanotubes Types Of Nanotubes Characterizing Nanotubes Characterizing Nanotubes (Continued) General Properties Of Nanotubes Table 25. General Properties Of Nanotubes Strength Of Nanotubes Modulus Of Nanotubes The Effect Of Defects On The Modulus Comparison Of Nanotubes With Macroscopic High Modulus Materials Table 26. Comparison Of Nanotubes With Macroscopic Materials Conductivity Table 27. Comparison Of Types Of Conductive Materials Electron Emissivity Table 28. Comparison Of Materials Used As Emitters For Field Effect Devices Conductivity Degradation Disadvantages Of Nanotubes Types Of Nanotubes Surface Area Chemical Resistance Major Barriers To Nanotube Commercialization Table 29. Major Challenges For Nanotubes Types Of Nanotubes Single Wall Nanotubes Table 30. Physical And Electronic Properties Of Single Wall Nanotubes Conductivity As A Function Of Stereochemistry Table 31. Classification Of Nanotubes Table 32. Conductive Properties Of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes, By Type The Shape Of The Nanotube Alters Its Conductivity Size Multiwall Nanotubes Diameter Of Individual Tubes Diameters Of Multiwall Nanotubes Alternative Multiwall Nanotubes Tube Shape Table 33. Physical Properties Of Multiwall Nanotubes Resistance Comparing Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotubes Table 34. Comparison Between Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotubes Processing Advantages Of Multiwall Nanotubes Temperature Defect As A Function Of Temperature Table 35. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Defects In Nanotubes Aggregation Diameter Table 36. Effects Of Decreased Diameter On Nanotube Properties Electron Emission Longer Term Applications Semiconductor Band Gap Quantum Wires Summary Of The Market For Carbon Nanotubes Table 37. Volume And Value Sales Of Research Grade Carbon Nanotubes Used In Short-Term Applications, Through 2006 Functionalized Nanotubes The Role Of Defects In Functionalization Table 38. Comparison Between Approaches To Functionalization Multiwall Nanotubes Table 39. Production And Value Of Bulk Multiwall Nanotubes, Through 2006 (Millions) Figure 2. Production And Value Of Bulk Multiwall Nanotubes, 2001, 2002 And 2006 ($ Millions) Market Applications Introduction Short-Term Applications The High Cost Of Nanotubes The High Cost Of Nanotubes (Continued) Table 40. Nanotube Pricing By Application The Research Market The Research Market (Continued) Table 41. Volume And Value Sales Of Research Grade Carbon Nanotubes Used In Short-Term Applications, Through 2006 Future Trends In The Research Market Field Emission Devices What Is A Field Emission Device? Table 42. Applications Of Field Emission Devices Hot Filament Technology Cold Cathode Technology Table 43. Comparison Of Cold Cathodes And Hot Filaments Comparison Of Hot Filament And Cold Cathode Technologies Overall Design Voltage Requirements Accuracy Challenges For Hot Filament Technology Excessive Temperature Poor Longevity High Vacuum Requirements Challenges For Cold Cathode Technology Table 44. Challenges Facing Cold Cathode Technology Integration Of The Cold Cathode Into The Application Control Of The Emission - The Hot Spot Problem Challenges For Both Technologies Degradation Comparison Of Spindt Tips And Nanotubes In Cold Cathode Technology Table 45. Comparison Of Spindt Tips And Nanotubes In Cold Cathode Technology Production Methodology Structure And Uniformity Current-Carrying Capability Amounts Of Nanotubes Required Purified Versus Unpurified Cold Cathode Applications Display Applications Display Industry Markets Table 46. The Global Electronic Display Market, Through 2006 ($ Billions) Types Of Flat Panel Displays Table 47. Comparison Of Flat Panel Display Technologies Liquid Crystal Plasma Light Emitting Diode (Led) Conductive Polymer (Cp) Displays (Oled Polymer) Oled (Small Molecule) Field Emission Displays (Fed) Table 48. Current Field Emission Display Market, 2002 (Thousands) Table 49. Manufacturing Challenges Facing Field Emission Displays Phosphor Control Vacuum Requirements Display Sizes Table 50. Flat Panel Displays, By Size Small Displays Table 51. Global Volume And Value Of Small Flat Panel Display Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Medium Displays Table 52. Global Volume And Value Of Medium Flat Panel Display Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Large Displays Very Large Displays Table 53. Comparison Of Current Technologies For Large Display Screens Very Large Displays (Continued) Table 54. Global Volume And Value Of Very Large Display Market, Through 2006 Summary Of Display Markets For Carbon Nanotubes Table 55. Nanotube-Driven Field Emission Display Market, Through 2006 Light Sources Conventional Light Bulb Disadvantages Comparing Existing Technologies: Incandescent Versus Fluorescent Light Sources Table 56. Comparison Between Light Sources Energy Costs Per Year Secondary Costs Design Of A Nanotube-Driven Light Source Advantages Of A Nanotube-Driven Light Source Increased Efficiency Better Performance? Markets For Nanotube-Driven Lightsources Table 57. Nanotube-Driven Light Sources Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Microwave Amplifiers Microwave Amplifiers (Continued) Base Stations Table 58. Nanotube-Driven Microwave Base Station Amplifier Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Military Applications Portable Devices X-Ray Applications Comparison With Conventional Imaging Equipment Table 59. Comparison Between Conventional X-Ray Imaging And Nanotube Driven X-Ray Imaging Advantages Of Nanotube-Driven X-Ray Devices Industrial Applications Medical Applications External Imaging Portable Applications Internal Imaging Treatment Fda Approval Table 60. Global Markets For New Nanotube Driven X-Ray Devices, Through 2006 Industrial Applications Of Nanotube-Driven Field Emission Devices Table 61. Comparison Between Conventional And Nanotube Surge Protection Technology X-Ray Fluorometers Table 62. Market For Portable X-Ray Fluorometers, Through 2006 Summary Of Markets For Field Emission Devices Table 63. Global Nanotube-Driven Field Emission Device Market, Through 2006 Microscope Probes Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm) Probes For Afm Tips For Afm Table 64. Comparison Of Conventional And Carbon Nanotube Tips For Atomic Force Microscopes Aspect Ratio Tip Shape Durability Stiffness Applications Table 65. U.S Markets For Afm Tips, Through 2006 (Thousands) Polymers Table 66. Comparison Between Static Dissipative And Conductive Polymers Table 67. Comparison Of Filler Technology For Static Dissipative And Conductive Polymers Table 67. (Continued) Loadings Ability To Adjust Conductivity Table 68. Availability Of Multiwall Nanotube Filled Polymer Ease Of Distribution Into A Polymer Additional Trends Part Performance Sloughing Surface Finish Ease Of Pigmentation Cost Of Fillers Table 69. Comparison Of Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotubes In Filled Polymer Applications Applications Esd Applications Automotive Applications E-Paint Applications Fuel System Applications Summary Of Markets Of Bulk Multiwall Nanotube Filled Polymers Table 70. Market Applications For Multiwall Nanotubes, Through 2006 (Millions) Trends Flame Retardant Applications Long-Term Applications High Surface Area Applications New Developments In High Surface Area Applications Defects In Nanotubes Water Desalinators Desalinization Theory Drivers Of Desalinization Technology Table 71. Global Markets For Nanotube Water Purifiers, Through 2006 Additional Desalinization Technology Energy Storage Devices Fuel Cells Table 72. Comparison Of Fuel Cell Applications Small Scale Electronic Applications Transportation Applications Table 73. Challenges Facing The Transportation Fuel Cell High Cost Fuel Choices Motor Choices Challenges Heat Generation Warm-Up Times Infrastructure Stationary Power Generation Applications The Two Uses Of Nanotubes In Fuel Cells Membrane Applications Table 74. Requirements For A Nanotube Membrane Used In Fuel Cells Amount Of Nanotubes Required Table 75. Global Market For Nanotube Membrane Fuel Cells, Through 2006 Hydrogen Storage Table 76. Requirements For Hydrogen Storage Using Nanotubes Batteries Capacitors Table 77. Global Market For Nanotube Capacitors, Through 2006 Summary Of Markets For High Surface Area Applications High Strength Fiber Applications Wire/Rope Applications Wire/Rope Applications (Continued) Composite Applications Continuous Fiber Versus Long Fiber Composites Continuous Fiber Nanotube Composites Table 78. Problems With Continuous Fiber Nanotube Composites Challenges The High Cost Of Nanotubes Lack Of Processing Technology Inadequate Matrix Materials Table 79. Technological Advances Required Before Nanotubes Can Be Used In A Continuous Fiber Composite Table 80. Global Market For Continuous Fiber Nanotube Composites, Through 2006 Discontinous Fiber Composites The Automotive Connection Table 81. Requirements For High Performance Discontinuous Fiber Composites Is There Really A Performance Advantage With Nanotubes Versus Other Fibers? Table 82. Performance Enhancement By Nanotube Fillers In Polymer Matrixes Table 83. Market For Discontinuous Fiber Nanotube Composites, Through 2006 Longer Term Outlooks Chemical Sensors Table 84. Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Nanotube Chemical Sensor Possible Applications Markets Actuators Table 85. Requirements For Actuator Materials Table 86. Comparison Of Actuator Materials Problems With Conductive Polymers Problems With Piezoceramics Advantages Of Nanotubes Macroscopic Actuator Applications Microscopic Actuator Applications Market For Macroscopic Actuators Table 87. Global Macroscopic Applications Of Nanotube Actuators, Through 2006 Electronic Applications The First Phase Of Nanotube Integration Trends In The Semiconductor Industry Table 88. Trends In The Chipmaking Industry Table 89. Advantages Of Nanotubes In Vias The Integration Issue Electrical Conductivity Thermal Conductivity Chemical Stability Thermal Stability Smaller Diameter Summary Of First Phase Applications Of Nanotubes In Electronics Table 90. Global Market For Electronic Applications Of Nanotubes In Chips, Through 2006 (Millions) The Second Phase Of Nanotube Integration Table 91. Requirements For This Second Phase Of Nanotube Integration Connecting Two Points Desired Conductivity Summary Patents Numbers Of Patents Table 92. Rise In Global Patents, 1999 And 2001 Nanotube Patents By Application Table 93. Nanotube Patents, By Application (%) Figure 3. Nanotube Patents, By Application (%) Table 94. The Role Of Geography In Patent Filings (%) Figure 4. The Role Of Geography In Patent Filings (%) List Of Tables Summary Table: Global Markets For Research Grade Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotube For Short Term Applications, Through 2006 ($ Millions) Table 1 Properties Of Carbon Compounds Table 2 Energies Of Formation Of Carbon Compounds Table 3 Comparison Of Nanotubes In Via And Transistor Applications In Integrated Circuits Table 4 Comparison Of Nanotube Production Technologies Table 5 The Two Major Challenges Affecting The Nanotube Industry Table 6 Top Down And Bottom Up Processing Table 7 Smalley's Theory On The High Cost Of Nanotubes Table 8 Producers Of Nanotubes Table 9 Business Strategy Of Nanotube Start-Ups Table 10 Comparison Between Single Wall And Specialty Multiwall Nanotube And Bulk Multiwall Nanotube Production Table 11 Comparison Between Batch And Continuous Process Nanotube Production Table 12 Two Possible Pathways For The Nanotube Industry Table 13 Captive And Open Nanotube Producers Table 14 Global Open Nanotube Production Capacity, 2000 And 2002 Table 15 Typical Research Nanotube Order Volumes, 1999-2002 Table 16 Percentage Of Single Wall Nanotubes Produced On Open And Captive Basis For The Research Market, 1999, 2002 And 2006 (%) Table 17 Display Firms Investigating Carbon Nanotubes Table 18 Requirements For Entering The Field Of Nanotube Production Table 19 Human Capital Requirements For Expansion Of The Nanotube Industry Table 20 Producers Of Afm Probe Tips (%) Table 21 Academic Laboratories Involved In Nanotube Research, By Region Table 22 Growth In Nanotechnology Funding, 2000-2003 ($ Millions) Table 23 U.S. Government Nanotechnology Spending In Fy 2002 ($ Millions) Table 24 Nsf Proposed Nanotechnology Spending In Fy 2003 ($ Millions) Table 25 General Properties Of Nanotubes Table 26 Comparison Of Nanotubes With Macroscopic Materials Table 27 Comparison Of Types Of Conductive Materials Table 28 Comparison Of Materials Used As Emitters For Field Effect Devices Table 29 Major Challenges For Nanotubes Table 30 Physical And Electronic Properties Of Single Wall Nanotubes Table 31 Classification Of Nanotubes Table 32 Conductive Properties Of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes, By Type Table 33 Physical Properties Of Multiwall Nanotubes Table 34 Comparison Between Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotubes Table 35 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Defects In Nanotubes Table 36 Effects Of Decreased Diameter On Nanotube Properties Table 37 Volume And Value Sales Of Research Grade Carbon Nanotubes Used In Short-Term Applications, Through 2006 Table 38 Comparison Between Approaches To Functionalization Table 39 Production And Value Of Bulk Multiwall Nanotubes, Through 2006 (Millions) Table 40 Nanotube Pricing By Application Table 41 Volume And Value Sales Of Research Grade Carbon Nanotubes Used In Short-Term Applications, Through 2006 Table 42 Applications Of Field Emission Devices Table 43 Comparison Of Cold Cathodes And Hot Filaments Table 44 Challenges Facing Cold Cathode Technology Table 45 Comparison Of Spindt Tips And Nanotubes In Cold Cathode Technology Table 46 The Global Electronic Display Market, Through 2006 ($ Billions) Table 47 Comparison Of Flat Panel Display Technologies Table 48 Current Field Emission Display Market, 2002 (Thousands) Table 49 Manufacturing Challenges Facing Field Emission Displays Table 50 Flat Panel Displays, By Size Table 51 Global Volume And Value Of Small Flat Panel Display Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Table 52 Global Volume And Value Of Medium Flat Panel Display Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Table 53 Comparison Of Current Technologies For Large Display Screens Table 54 Global Volume And Value Of Very Large Display Market, Through 2006 Table 55 Nanotube-Driven Field Emission Display Market, Through 2006 Table 56 Comparison Between Light Sources Table 57 Nanotube-Driven Light Sources Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Table 58 Nanotube-Driven Microwave Base Station Amplifier Market, Through 2006 (Millions) Table 59 Comparison Between Conventional X-Ray Imaging And Nanotube Driven X-Ray Imaging Table 60 Global Markets For New Nanotube Driven X-Ray Devices, Through 2006 Table 61 Comparison Between Conventional And Nanotube Surge Protection Technology Table 62 Market For Portable X-Ray Fluorometers, Through 2006 Table 63 Global Nanotube-Driven Field Emission Device Market, Through 2006 Table 64 Comparison Of Conventional And Carbon Nanotube Tips For Atomic Force Microscopes Table 65 U.S Markets For Afm Tips, Through 2006 (Thousands) Table 66 Comparison Between Static Dissipative And Conductive Polymers Table 67 Comparison Of Filler Technology For Static Dissipative And Conductive Polymers Table 68 Availability Of Multiwall Nanotube Filled Polymer Table 69 Comparison Of Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotubes In Filled Polymer Applications Table 70 Market Applications For Multiwall Nanotubes, Through 2006 (Millions) Table 71 Global Markets For Nanotube Water Purifiers, Through 2006 Table 72 Comparison Of Fuel Cell Applications Table 73 Challenges Facing The Transportation Fuel Cell Table 74 Requirements For A Nanotube Membrane Used In Fuel Cells Table 75 Global Market For Nanotube Membrane Fuel Cells, Through 2006 Table 76 Requirements For Hydrogen Storage Using Nanotubes Table 77 Global Market For Nanotube Capacitors, Through 2006 Table 78 Problems With Continuous Fiber Nanotube Composites Table 79 Technological Advances Required Before Nanotubes Can Be Used In A Continuous Fiber Composite Table 80 Global Market For Continuous Fiber Nanotube Composites, Through 2006 Table 81 Requirements For High Performance Discontinuous Fiber Composites Table 82 Performance Enhancement By Nanotube Fillers In Polymer Matrixes Table 83 Market For Discontinuous Fiber Nanotube Composites, Through 2006 Table 84 Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Nanotube Chemical Sensor Table 85 Requirements For Actuator Materials Table 86 Comparison Of Actuator Materials Table 87 Global Macroscopic Applications Of Nanotube Actuators, Through 2006 Table 88 Trends In The Chipmaking Industry Table 89 Advantages Of Nanotubes In Vias Table 90 Global Market For Electronic Applications Of Nanotubes In Chips, Through 2006 (Millions) Table 91 Requirements For This Second Phase Of Nanotube Integration Table 92 Rise In Global Patents, 1999 And 2001 Table 93 Nanotube Patents, By Application (%) Table 94 The Role Of Geography In Patent Filings (%) List Of Figures Summary Figure: Global Markets For Research Grade Single Wall And Multiwall Nanotube For Short Term Applications, 2001, 2002 And 2006 ($ Millions) Figure 1 Producers Of Afm Probe Tips (%) Figure 2 Production And Value Of Bulk Multiwall Nanotubes, 2001, 2002 And 2006 ($ Millions) Figure 3 Nanotube Patents, By Application (%) Figure 4 The Role Of Geography In Patent Filings (%) AbstractThe carbon nanotube industry has been evolving rapidly over the past few years. Research efforts to find applications for these materials are moving into high gear, and the quantities of nanotubes produced for this research has more than doubled since 1999, along with an increase in the number of nanotube producers. Carbon nanotubes are some of the strongest materials known, which has made them attractive for applications such as advanced composites. Furthermore, nanotubes can be made with various resistivities, and have been used to construct switches and junctions. This report will examine the production processes and the industry structure of the firms producing and consuming these goods. This report also compares the markets for the various types of nanotubes (single wall and multi wall) and evaluates the potential near and longer-term applications for these materials. Market forecasts will be provided for 2001 through 2006.Get Full Details About This Report >> |
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