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Published by: BCC Research
Published: Apr. 1, 2002 - 194 Pages
Table of Contents
Title
Introduction
Objective And Purpose Of This Report
Reasons For This Study
Contribution Of The Study
Scope And Format
Methodology And Sources Of Information
Analyst’s Credentials
Related Bcc Publications
Reports
Monthly Newsletter
Bcc On-Line Services
Summary
Technology Overview
Introduction
Comparison With Smart Materials
Ferroelectrics
A Brief History Of The Ferroelectric Effect
How Do Ferroelectrics Work?
The Ease Of Reading/Writing To A Ferroelectric Bit
Size Of The Capacitor
Number Of Cycles
Chromogenic Materials
Strong Color Changes
Low Energy Reaction
Fast Kinetics
Coupling To An Electrical Field
Stability
Temperature Sensitivity
Processability
Comparing Chromogenics With Photochromics And Lcds.
Liquid Crystals And Suspended Particle Devices
A Brief History Of Suspended Particle Devices
Control Of Suspended Particle Devices
Electrochromics
Organic Electrochromics
Inorganic Electrochromics
Optical Switching Materials
Demands Of The Telecommunications Industry
Why Use Light?
Control
Interaction
Storage
Mediums
Speed And Information Density
The Amplification Issue
The Optical-Electronic-Optical Transformations
First Generation Switches
Second Generation Switches
Third Generation Switches
Technologies
Mems Technology
Liquid Crystals
Integrated Optical Silicon Technology
Polymer Technology
Industry Structure
The Patent Problem In Switchable Materials
Funding For Switchable Materials
Ferroelectric Switchable Materials
A Brief History Of The Fram Chip Development
The Major Players
The Smaller Players
Types Of Fram Chips
Rumors
Requirements For Fram Research
Outsourcing Of Fram Production
Raw Materials
Purchasers Of Fram Chips
Chromogenic Materials
Firms Producing Organic Electrochromics
Firms Producing Inorganic Electrochromics
Architectural Applications
Printing/Display Applications
Firms Producing Suspended Particle Devices
Licensing Costs
Aerospace Applications
Other Applications
Optical Switching Materials
The Telecommunications Industry
Roots Of The Industry
The Optical Switching Industry
Firms Developing Optical Switches Based On Switchable Materials
Optical Switching Technologies
Raw Materials
Production Technology
The Mems Industry
Mems Fabric Manufacturers
Mems Optical Switch Manufacturers
Other Switch Technologies Based On Switchable Materials
Purchasers Of This Technology
Bottlenecks In The Telecommunications Industry
The Testing Issue
Software
Company Profiles
Ampy Automation Digilog Limited
Analog Devices
Calient Networks
Confluent Photonics Corporation
Donnelly Corporation
Gentex Corporation
Inspectech Aero Service, Inc.
Lucent Technology
Pilkington Plc
Ramtron International Corporation
Research Frontiers, Inc
Telephotonics, Inc.
Products
Ferroelectrics
Comparison Of Ferroelectric Chips To Conventional Chips
Overview Of Chip Applications
A Brief History Of Fram Chip Production
Comparison Of Pzt And Sbt Fram Chips
Short Term Applications Of Fram Chips
Battery Backed Static Random Access Memory (Bbsram)
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (Eeprom)
Limited Number Of Cycles
Latency
Asymmetric Read/Write Times
Market Forces In Eeprom
Fram Chips
Technology Developments In Fram Chips
Decreased Voltage
Improved Pzt
Improvements In The Top And Bottom Capacitor Layers
Pricing Of Fram To Eeprom
Current Performance Enhancements
Current And Near Future Trends For Fram Chips
Pricing
Markets For Low Density Non-Volatile Memory
What Will Happen To The Market For Fram Chips Now?
Long Term Applications Of Fram Chips
Trends In Flash Memory
Current Disadvantages Of Flash Memory
Limited Scalability
Chromogenic Materials
A Brief History Of Light Control Materials
Comparing Chromogenic And Photochromic Technology
Control
Energy Costs
Transmission Change
Longevity
Response Time
Temperature Sensitivity
Cost
Chromogenic Technologies: Liquid Crystals, Suspended Particle Devices, And Electrochromics
Liquid Crystals
Suspended Particle Devices (Spd)
Pricing Of Suspended Particle Devices
Electrochromic Technologies
Organic Electrochromics By Type
Inorganic Electrochromics
New Technology Electrochromics
Comparing The Available Technologies
Cost Of Raw Materials
Production Costs
Substrates
Durability/Longevity
Transmission/Color Change
Types Of Control
Response Times
Markets For Chromogenic Materials
Automotive Applications
Architectural Applications
Aerospace Applications
Display Applications
Compatibility
Performance
Eyewear Applications
Prescription Eyewear
Sporting Goods Industry
General Industry
Summary Of Chromogenics By Type
Optical Switching Materials
Types Of Products
Comparison Between The Technologies
Applications
Potential For Low Cost Production
Optical Switches
Optical Switch Properties
Switch Size
Power Consumption
Installed Size
Losses
Speed
Increased Functionality
Scaleability
Robust Design
Reliability
Optical Switch Technologies
Mems Technologies
2d Mems Technology
3d Mems Technology
Comparison Of 2d And 3d Mems Technologies
Ports
Control Of Mirrors
Power Consumption
Beam Monitoring
Recovery From Power Failure
Sales Of 2d And 3d Mems Products
Liquid Crystal Technology
Polymer Technology
Integrated Silicon Optical Chips
Bubble Technology
Summary Of Markets For Optical Switches
Market Applications
Ferroelectric Materials
Near Term Markets
Industrial/Residential Controls
Global Trends In Power Metering
Trends In Meter Technology
New Trends In The Electrical Power Industry
Fram Usage In Meter Technology
Is It Logical To Use Fram Technology In An Electricity Meter?
Office Equipment
Automotive Markets
Longer Term Markets
Telecommunications
Personal Computers
Chromogenic Applications
Automotive Applications
The Patent Situation
Global Production Of Mirrors
Interior Mirror Applications
Trends In Automotive Interior Mirrors
Pricing Trends
Exterior Automotive Electrochromic Mirror Applications
Types Of Exterior Mirrors
Aerospace Applications
Why Use Switchable Glazings In Aircraft?
Economic Rationale
Cost Of The Window Treatment
Energy Costs
Air Conditioning Costs
Refurbishment Costs
Weight Reduction
Flammability
Controllability
Market Cachet
The Aviation Market
Architectural Applications
Why Would Chromogenic Windows Be Popular?
Residential And¾The Two Markets For Chromogenic Windows Commercial
Cost
Energy Savings
Longevity
Aesthetics
Privacy
Summary Of Markets For Chromogenic Materials
Optical Switching Materials
Trends In Telecommunications
Amount Of Traffic
Revenues
Spending On Installation Of Networks
Profitability
Costs
Comparing Voice And Data
Size Requirements
Development Time
Time Requirements
Reduced Long Haul Cable Expansion
Financial Trends
The Metro Boom
Increased Flexibility And Decreased Provisioning Time
Optical Switches In The Metro Region
Reliability
Increased Functionality
Scaleability
Adds Revenue
Reduced Cost
Comparing Oeo And Ooo Switches
Number Of Boxes
Well Proven Technology
Power Consumption
Scaleability
Granularity
Bit Rate Dependence
Markets For Optical Switches In Telecommunications
List Of Tables
Summary Table:
Worldwide Market Applications Of Switchable Materials, Through 2006
1 Comparison Of Smart Materials And Switchable Materials
2 Requirements For Useful Chromogenic Materials
3 Comparison Of Various Chromogenic Technologies
4 Comparison Of Light And Electricity For Information Transport
5 Three Generations Of All Optical Switching
6 Comparison Of Thermal And Voltage Control Of Polymer Technology
7 Developers Of Fram Chip Technology
8 Fram Production Agreements
9 Purchasers Of Fram Chips
10 Organic Electrochromic Producers
11 Firms Researching Inorganic Electrochromics
12 Research Frontiers, Inc. Research, Development And Production Chain
13 Firms In Telecommunications
14 Firms Producing Products For The Metro Optical Market
15 Firms Producing Switching Fabrics For Mems
16 Firms Producing Mems Based Optical Switches And Components
17 Firms Developing Polymer, Bubble, Liquid Crystal, And Silicon Technologies
18 Relative Costs To Produce Goods In Telecommunications
19 Comparison Of Volatile And Non-Volatile Memory
20 Comparison Of Non-Volatile Memory Technology
21 Historical Problems With Fram Chips
22 Comparison Between Pzt And Sbt Ferroelectric Chips
23 Current Sram Markets By Speed Of Chip, 2000
24 Comparison Between Eeprom And Flash
25 Drawbacks To Eeprom Chips
26 Technological Advances Affecting Fram Chips
27 Comparison Of 2t2c And 1t1c Memory Cell Architecture
28 Factors Affecting Market Acceptance Of Fram Chips
29 Worldwide Sales Of Low Bit Density, Non-Volatile Memory Chips Including Fram, Low Speed Bbsram, And Eeprom, Through 2006
30 Worldwide Market For Fram Chips By Type, Through 2006
31 Worldwide Market For Fram Chips By Type, Through 2006
32 Comparison Between Photochromic And Chromogenic Technology
33 Worldwide Market For Organic Electrochromic Materials By Type, Through 2006
34 Worldwide Market For Inorganic Electrochromic Materials By Type, Through 2006
35 Comparison Of Newer Chromogenic Technologies
36 Comparing Lcd And Suspended Particle Device Technology For Display Applications
37 Worldwide Markets For Chromogenic Materials By Type, Through 2006
38 Comparison Of Technologies In Optical Applications
39 Comparison Of Various Technologies Used For Optical Switches
40 Comparison Between 2d And 3d Mems Technology
41 Worldwide Sales Of Mems Based Optical Switches, Through 2006
42 Worldwide Unit Sales Of Mems Based Optical Switches, Through 2006
43 Comparison Of Nematic And Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Used In Telecommunications Arrays
44 Worldwide Sales Of Liquid Crystal Based Optical Switches, Through 2006
45 Worldwide Unit Sales Of Liquid Crystal Based Optical Switches, Through 2006
46 A Comparison Between The Thin Film Silicon Technology And Thick Film Silicon Technology
47 Summary Of Worldwide Markets Of Optical Switches Based On Switchable Materials, Through 2006
48 Summary Of Worldwide Unit Sales Of Optical Switches Based On Switchable Materials, Through 2006
49 Comparison Of Solid State And Electromechanical Meters
50 Conversion Of Residential/Light Industrial Meter Applications From Electromechanical To Solid State In The Uk
51 Comparison Between Single Phase And Multi Phase Electric Meters
52 Comparison Between Chip Types In Whole Current Meter Applications
53 Global Meter Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
54 Global Meter Unit Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
55 Global Office Equipment Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
56 Global Office Equipment Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
57 U.S. Airbag Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
58 U.S. Airbag Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
59 Global Cellular Phone Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
60 Global Cellular Phone Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
61 U.S. Personal Computer Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
62 U.S. Personal Computer Market With Fram Chips, Through 2006
63 North American Market For Interior Mirrors, Through 2006
64 North American Market For Interior Mirrors, Through 2006
65 List Of Possible Applications Added To Interior Rear View Mirrors
66 North American Production Of Exterior Mirrors, Through 2006
67 North American Production Of Exterior Mirrors, Through 2006
68 Economic Comparison Between Switchable Glazings And Window Shades On Aircraft
69 Global Markets For Switchable Window Treatments In Aircraft, Through 2006
70 Markets For Switchable Window Treatments In Aircraft, Through 2006
71 Comparison Of Chromogenic Windows To Conventional Windows
72 Worldwide Market For Switchable Glazings In Architectural Applications, Through 2006
73 Worldwide Market For Switchable Glazings In Architectural Applications, Through 2006
74 Global Chromogenic Applications, Through 2006
75 Overall Trends In Telecommunications
76 Comparison Between Voice Traffic And Data Traffic In Telecommunications
77 Comparison Of Real Time And Best Effort Transmission
78 Long Term Trends In Fiber Optic Telecommunications
79 Demands Of Telecommunications Companies For Optical Switches Used In The Metro Market
80 Comparison Of Ooo And Oeo Switches
81 Market For Optical Switches, Through 2006
82 Existing Major Switch Sites, 2001
List Of Figures
Summary Figure:
Worldwide Market Applications Of Switchable Materials, 2001 And 2006
1 Worldwide Sales Of Low Bit Density, Non-Volatile Memory Chips Including Fram, Low Speed Bbsram, And Eeprom, 2001 And 2006
2 Worldwide Market For Organic Electrochromic Materials By Type, 2001 And 2006
3 Worldwide Markets For Chromogenic Materials By Type, 2001 And 2006
4 U.S. Airbag Market With Fram Chips, 2001 And 2006
5 North American Market For Interior Mirrors, 2001 And 2006
6 Worldwide Market For Switchable Glazings In Architectural Applications, 2001 And 2006
7 Global Chromogenic Applications, 2001 And 2006
AbstractWhile there have been a number of articles in the popular press telling of switchable materials and the markets for these goods, there has been little agreement as to how many of these goods are being produced, and how useful these materials really are. Like many modern materials, switchable materials will be produced in small volumes and often integrated into a finished product during the manufacturing process. However, the impact of switchable materials belies their small production quantities. Already, these goods have been able to dominate some markets with several hundred million dollars in sales. While switchable materials are expensive to develop, these goods also can offer revolutionary technology, which could replace existing technology in some major applications in electronics and telecommunications. This report takes a hardheaded look at three categories of switchable materials, ferroelectrics, chromogenics, and optical switching materials and describes their products and markets. The report covers applications for these materials ranging from automotive mirrors to personal computers and cell phones. Forecasts for the various markets discussed are provided through 2006.
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