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Strategic Analysis of Second Generation Bio-feedstock

Published by: Frost & Sullivan

Published: Apr. 30, 2009 - 109 Pages


Table of Contents


1. Executive Summary

1.1 Second Generation Biofuels - Overview and Definition

1.2 Second Generation Bio-feedstock - Overview and Definitions

1.3 Global Market for Second Generation Biofuels-Snap Shot

1.4 Global Governments Renewable Fuels Target

1.5 Conclusions


2. Second Generation Biofuel Technology - Introduction

2.1 Different Technologies for Second Generation Biofuels

2.2 Separate or Simultaneous Saacharification and Fermentation

2.3 Gasification and Catalytic Synthesis/Fermentation


3. Second Generation Bio-feedstock - Introduction

3.1 Second Generation Bio-feedstock - Different Kinds

3.2 Energy Content of Second Generation Bio-feedstock

3.3 Forest Residue - Introduction

3.4 Agricultural Residue - Introduction

3.5 Black Liquor - Introduction


4. Evaluation of Different Feedstock

4.1 Forest Residue Evaluation

a. Forest Residue Available Worldwide

b. Forest Residue Import - Export Scenario

c. Forest Residue - Europe

d. Forest Residue Sweden

e. Export- Forest Residues in Europe

f. Forest Residue - Supply Chain Scenario

g. Forest Residue - Purchase Model Scenario

h. Forest Residue Cost Distribution Structure

4.2 Agricultural Residue

a. Agricultural Residue Evaluation

b. Agricultural Residue Supply Co-operatives

c. Agricultural Residue - Supply Chain Scenario

d. Agricultural Residue Cost Distribution Structure

4.3 Black Liquor

a. Black Liquor Evaluation

b. Potential Pulp Mills in Europe for Second Generation Biofuels

c. Recovery Boilers Currently Operational

d. Black Liquor Supply Chain in Conjunction with Forest Residues

4.4 Algae as Bio-feedstock

a. Algae growing technologies - Photo bio-reactors

b. Algae growing technologies - Open pond system

c. Algae Biofuels - Timeline


5. Evaluation of Different Technologies

5.1 Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation

a. Separate Hydrolysis Fermentation (SHF)/Enzymatic or Acid hydrolysis

b. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats- SHF

5.2 Gasification and Catalytic Synthesis or Fermentation

a. Gasification and Catalytic Synthesis (GCS) or Fermentation (GF)

b. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats- GCS

c. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats- GF

5.3 Technologies under Development for Different Biofuels


6. Second Generation Biofuels - Overview and Definitions

6.1 Key Market Drivers

6.2 Key Market Restraints

6.3 Market Forecast Second Generation Biofuels

6.4 Market Share by Technology and Region in 2015

6.5 Feedstock Shares in the Second Generation Biofuels


7. Sustainability of Second Generation Biofuels

7.1 Sustainability in Second Generation Biofuel Industry

a. Sustainability - Environment

b. Sustainability - Social and Economy


8. Conclusions


9. Company Profiles

Abstract

This Frost & Sullivan research service titled Worldwide Market Analysis of Second Generation Bio-feedstock provides market units of second-generation bio-feedstock and biofuels. In this research, Frost & Sullivan's expert analysts thoroughly examine the following markets: agricultural residues, forest residues and black liquor. The following technologies are also covered: separate hydrolysis fermentation (acid and enzymatic hydrolysis) and gasification and catalytic synthesis or fermentation.

Market Overview

Environmental Benefits Train the Spotlight on Second-generation Biofuels

The utilisation of second-generation bio-feedstock, such as agricultural residue, forest residue and black liquor, is currently limited to power generation in combined heat and power (CHP) plants or regeneration units. Second-generation bio-feedstock has been extensively researched in order to produce liquid fuels for transportation. The pre-treatment and gasification technologies are on the verge of making second-generation biofuels a commercial reality. Developments in the pre-treatment and gasification of bio-feedstock through discrete hydrolysis and fermentation and gasification and catalytic synthesis, respectively, have the potential to reduce the production costs of second-generation biofuels.

"The use of second-generation biofuels is expected to reduce the emission of green house gases, particularly carbon dioxide, from combustion engines by 80 to 85 per cent in comparison to conventional fossil fuels," notes the analyst of this research. "The lifecycle emissions for second-generation biofuels are in the negative range, which implies consumption of carbon dioxide rather than emission." Major automobile companies are investigating the environmental benefits of second-generation biofuels. They are looking at reducing emission levels while remaining competitive with the use of corn or maize that can be deployed as bio-feedstock for transportation fuels. "In addition to supporting energy efficient processes in industries, second generation bio-feedstock and the technologies used to convert them into biofuels are expected to lower green house gas emissions in the transportation sector," adds the analyst. "The commercial production of second generation biofuels is poised to reach 5 billion gallons per year by the end of 2015."

Challenge is to Effectively Convert Multiple, Rather than Single, Feedstock into Biofuel

Current second-generation biofuel plants, on a demonstration scale, use a single bio-feedstock source, either forest residue or agricultural residue, among others. The supply chains of these different feedstock sources are not well established and may take some time to become so. This development will parallel the commercialisation of second-generation biofuels. "However, the future of biofuels plants will lie in effectively converting multiple feedstock to biofuels," cautions the analyst. "These multiple feedstock supplies must be constantly replenished and the technology should optimally convert the entire range of economically viable second generation bio-feedstock."

Second-generation biofuels will slowly, but surely, have an impact on the energy share globally. This impact may not be significant in the short term. Unless technology winners introduce large-scale plants at an affordable rate, such change is unlikely to occur until the end of 2017. "Beyond 2017, the impact is likely to be very high," comments the analyst. "At this stage, second-generation biofuels will contribute not only to enhancing a country’s energy security, but also to providing its transportation industry with a sustainable source of energy." Overall, it promises to be a win-win situation. Several paper mills have the option of changing their recovery boilers to gasification units because of the technological breakthrough in black liquor gasification.

Farmers and forest owners are set to benefit with the diversification of their products. The diversification of waste products to include corn stover and forest residue will add value to the waste, while introducing an alternate supply chain for forest and agricultural co-operatives.

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