The Biomass Report Ed 3 2009 : Market Research Report

The Biomass Report Ed 3 2009

Published: Sep. 3, 2009 - 188 Pages

Executive Summary: Regional usage and development; Usage patterns; New feedstocks - second generation feedstocks; Technologies and transformation; Pyrolysis; Gasification; Charcoal production; Briquetting and pelletising; Biofuels for transportation; Bioheat; MSW (Municipal Solid Waste); LFG (Landfill Gas); Biopower; Biomass legislation
1. Introduction
2. Biomass as a primary fuel: TPES - Total Primary Energy Supply; TFEC - Total Final Energy Consumption; The Fuel Ladder; Urban usage; Future primary energy production and consumption; Bioenergy power generation
3. Benefits and constraints of bioenergy: Factors encouraging the development of biomass energy
4. Biomass resources: Agricultural crops; Energy cropping
5. Biomass conversion technologies: Direct use; Cogeneration; Transformation; Electricity generation; Conventional steam boiler; Co-firing; Anaerobic digestion; Pyrolysis; Charcoal production; Briquetting and pelletising; Modular systems; Biofuels for transportation; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Bio refineries; Bio-based products; Technology developments
6. Biomass usage and technologies: Biomass electricity and heat; Biomass heat; Technology for biomass heat; Domestic heat production; Larger scale use of biomass fuel for heating; District heating; Industrial use of biomass electricity and heat; European competitiveness; Market characteristics; Infrastructure constraints; USA; Rest of world; Liquid biofuels; Technology and Feedstocks; Jatropha; Ligno-cellulose; Waste; Algae; Biofuel production; Markets; Food versus fuel; Ethanol; USA; Fiscal stimulus; Motor fuel applications for ethanol in the US; Brazil; EU; Biodiesel; Biofuels Developments at the EU Member State Level; USA; EPAct 1992; EPAct 2005; Biodiesel Tax Credit; Credit Trading Programme; State incentives for use of biodiesel; International incentives for proportion of biodiesel; Australia; Thailand:; Malaysia:; Technology and feedstocks for ethanol and biodiesel; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Environmental impacts; Manpower requirements; Market position; Brazil, USA, EU competitiveness; Ethanol; Biodiesel; MSW (Municipal Solid Waste); Technology; Waste reduction; Environmental issues; Recession; PFIs (Private Finance Initiatives); Private Sector Involvement; Evolution of Cost and Technical Performance of MSWC; Global picture; EU; Waste policy in Europe; East Asia; Japan; China; India; Pacific; South and Central America; www.absenergyresearch.com 5; Future prospects; Landfill gas; Environment; Technology; Landfill gas market; EU; EU environmental regulations; USA; Developing Countries and CERs; Africa; China; Other East Asia and Pacific; South West Asia; Latin America and the Caribbean; Market problems; Future prospects for landfill gas; Biogas; Biopower; Technology; Conventional steam cycle plant; Gasification and other advanced processes; Co-firing with fossil fuels; Advantages of co-firing; Disadvantages of co-firing; Regional development; United States; Europe; Brazil
7. Regional and national biomass market and technology review: United States; Biomass Consumption by Energy Source and Use Sector; Biomass Resources; Electricity generation from biomass; Canada; Transformation; Electricity generation; Biofuel; Equipment for biomass power generation; National market characteristics in the EU; Austria; Biomass R&D; Finland; Biomass R&D; France; Germany; Biomass R&D; Italy; Biomass R&D; Norway; Spain; Biomass R&D; Sweden; Biomass R&D; Turkey; CIS; Russia; Asia Pacific; Australia; China; Biomass R&D and technology development; New technologies developed in China; New energy fuels and products under development; Government support; South Asia; India; Bangladesh; Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Government support; Japan; Malaysia; Government support; Pakistan; Philippines; Government support; Thailand; Government support; Government support; Vietnam; Biomass R&D and government support; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Africa
8. Environmental issues: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992; Kyoto Protocol; Status of ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Annex 1 countries December 31, 2006; The “Hockey Stick Effect” and the “Medieval Warming”; Comment on Climate Report 2001 and Paris Report 2007; USA environmental legislation; EU Environmental Directives; LCPD - Large Combustion Plant Directive; ETS - Emissions Trading Directive; IPPC - Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control Directive; EU Biofuels Directive; The EU Landfill Directive; Hazardous Waste Directive; Incineration of Waste (2000/76/EC) (implemented December 2002); Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC); End of Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) (implemented April 2002); The technology and other abatement measures for carbon dioxide - CO2; Carbon sequestration; Sleipner Project
9. Comments on biomass statistics
10. Sources

Abstract

Biomass is a major source of energy supply and it is used at different levels of technology. It is the 4th largest contributor to the world’s primary energy supply (after oil, coal and natural gas) and provides four times more primary energy than hydropower. Biomass comes in many forms; wood and crop residues such as sugar cane, energy crops, sewage waste, animal dung, industrial and municipal waste, oil from plants, and many others. Wood is by far the dominant biomass source. Scientists are identifying new biomass feedstocks such as jatropha and algae, and lignocelluloses produced from cellulosic ethanol. These are outlined in the report. It can be used “directly” in “traditional” applications, as in household fires or wood burning cookers, or “indirectly” after conversion into a secondary form of energy, such as biopower and cogeneration, biodiesel or biogas. It is the only renewable that can easily be processed into these three forms of secondary energy and is the largest form of primary renewable energy. As a secondary form of energy, biomass has a much smaller share of power generation than hydro power, which accounts for 15 times more electricity. The greatest use of direct or “traditional” biomass is in the developing countries, while the developed countries lead in biomass conversion.

Outline of the report:

This report is concerned with the technologies, markets and development of biomass energy, both primary and secondary. Indirect use is the focus of much technological development both in the industrialised and the developing countries. Resources are enormous and constantly being renewed, either as forest or crop residue, the commercial cultivation of energy crops, and through the wastes generated from organic and industrial sources. The report has more extensive quantified information than in the last edition, with historical profiles of the 25 major biomass-using countries. Detailed sections of the report provide surveys of principal biomass technologies and feedstocks together with their usage:

Biofuels, including bioethanol and biodiesel, with extensive coverage and discussion of the issues in the bioethanol industries in the USA and Brazil and biodiesel in Europe.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), with surveys of the main markets in Europe, the US, India, Japan and China.
Landfill gas, with surveys of the US, Europe and China.
Biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion or fermentation of many waste feedstocks.
Biopower, with outlines of the production technologies and historical data of generating capacity in the US and Europe from 2000 to 2007.

Environmental issues are discussed in the report, including national positions and a brief discussion of the controversy surrounding the misuses of data by promoters of the global warming concept.

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The Biomass Report Ed 3 2009

Table of Contents

Abstract