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Sustainability: The Rise of Consumer Responsibility

Published by: Hartman Group

Published: Jan. 21, 2009 - 238 Pages


Table of Contents



LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

Introduction

The Rise of Responsibility

Living Sustainably During the Downturn

The Equation of Quality Experiences with Sustainability

The Rise of Sustainability at Retail

Responsibility as a Response to the Challenges of Today and Tomorrow

Executive Summary

CHAPTER 1 | Sustainability from the Consumer Perspective

Understanding Sustainability

Increased Attention, but Limited Understanding

A (Re)definition of the Term Sustainability

The Explanative Power of Responsibility

A Consumer-based Model of Responsibility

Responsibility Works at the Personal and Societal Levels

Dimensions of Responsibility

The Language of Sustainability

Healthy

Preserving Resources

Simple Living

Community

Local

Connecting the Themes

Chapter One Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 2 | Consumer Attitudes

Participation in Sustainability Begins Attitudinally

Applying a World Perspective

Frame of Mind

Previous Articulations of the Consumer View

Current Explanation of the Consumer View

Triggers for Awareness

Information Sources as Triggers

Imagery and Symbolism: Consumer Collages

From Frame of Mind to Behavior

Values

Intent

Chapter Two Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 3 | Consumer Behavior in the World of Sustainability

The Importance of Intentionality

Intent Places You in the World of Sustainability

Quantifying Intent

Inside the World of Sustainability

Intent and Personal Benefit

Adoption Pathways

Pathways are Numerous, Adoption is Variable

Adoption along Each Pathway

Consumer Segments in the World of Sustainability

Integration Characterizes Consumer Sustainability Segments

Barriers and Motivations for Purchase

Consumer Segment Profiles

Paul ¨C A Periphery Consumer

Katie ¨C A Mid-level Consumer

Marilyn ¨C A Core Consumer

Insight into the Periphery, Mid-level and Core Consumer

Adoption Pathway for Sustainable Purchases

Chapter Three Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 4 | Sustainable Products

What is a Sustainable Product?

Zone Salience

Connection to Economic Zone is not as Readily Apparent

The Personal Benefit Zone Is Salient For Every Product Category

Product Content and Manufacturing Process

Carbon Footprint

Packaging: A Consumer Expectation, but not a Primary Purchase Motivator

Back-end Considerations Are Most Understood

Packaging Content and End Use

Aesthetics

Certification

Desire for Unifying Certification

Internal, Third-Party, and Government Certification

Commonly Cited Certifications

Sustainable Products Language Map

Company Impact on Product Perceptions

Product Categories

Chapter Four Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 5 | Sustainable Food and Beverages

Sustainability Zone Salience of Food and Beverages

Personal Benefit

Environmental

Social

Economic

Motivations and Pathway(s) for Adoption

Attributes of Sustainable Food and Beverages

Freshness is the Foremost Attribute of Sustainable Foods and Beverages

Hierarchy of Specific Attributes

Relevant Food and Beverage Certification(s)

Organic

Fair Trade

Food and Beverage Packaging

Bottled Water Backlash

Portable Food and Beverage Containers

Package Communications

Purchase Criteria

Quantitative Findings on Sustainable Food and Beverage Purchases

Chapter Five Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 6 | Sustainable Personal Care

Zone Salience for Personal Care Products

Personal Benefit

Environmental

Social

Motivations and Pathway(s) for Adoption

Attributes of Sustainable Personal Care

Natural is the Foremost Attribute of Sustainable Personal Care Products

Hierarchy of Specific Attributes

Relevant Personal Care Certification(s)

Cruelty Free

Organic

Other Certifications

Personal Care Product Packaging

Packaging Communications

Purchase Criteria

A Note about Sustainable Cosmetics

Quantitative Findings on Sustainable Personal Care Product Purchases

Chapter Six Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 7 | Sustainable Household Cleaners

Zone Salience for Household Cleaners

A Shift in Perspective

Personal Benefit

Environmental

Social

Motivations and Pathway(s) for Adoption

Attributes of Sustainable Household Cleaners

Natural is the Foremost Attribute of Sustainable Household Cleaners

Relevant Household Cleaner Certification(s)

Cruelty Free

Packaging for Household Cleaners

Package Communications

Purchase Criteria

Quantitative Findings on Sustainable Household Cleaner Purchases

Chapter Seven Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 8 | Sustainable Over-the-Counter Medications and Supplements

Zone Salience for OTC Medications and Supplements

Personal Benefit

Environmental

Motivations and Pathway(s) for Adoption

Attributes of Sustainable OTC Medications and Supplements

Natural and Safe are the Foremost Attributes of Sustainable OTC¡®s and Supplements

Hierarchy of Specific Attributes

Relevant OTC Medication and Supplement Certification(s)

Federal Drug Administration

Cruelty Free

Organic

OTC Medication and Supplement Packaging

Package Communications

Purchase Criteria

Quantitative Findings on Sustainable OTC Medicines and Product Purchases

Chapter Eight Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 9 | Sustainable Home D¨¦cor and Improvements

Zone Salience for Home D¨¦cor and Improvements

Personal Benefit

Environmental

Social

Motivations and Pathway(s) for Adoption

Green is the Primary attribute of Sustainable Home D¨¦cor and Improvements

Relevant Home D¨¦cor and Improvement Certification(s)

Energy Star

Organic

Other Certifications

Home D¨¦cor Packaging

Package Communications

Purchase Criteria

Quantitative Findings on Sustainable Home D¨¦cor Purchases

Chapter Nine Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 10 | Sustainable Food Service

Zone Salience for Food Service

Environmental

Economic

Personal Benefits

Social

Motivations and Pathway(s) for Adoption

Coffee Shops: Strong Potential for Sustainability

Attributes of Sustainable Food Service

Freshness and ¨DIntimacyAre the Foremost Attributes of Sustainable Food Service

Hierarchy of Specific Attributes

Relevant Food and Beverage Certification(s)

Organic

Fair Trade

Food Service Product Packaging

Packaging Communications

Physical Space Considerations

Purchase Criteria

Chapter Ten Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 11 | Sustainable Companies

What is a Sustainable Company?

Company Size and Influence on Consumer Perceptions of Sustainability

Small Companies are the Idealized Sustainable Business

Companies Should Focus on Responsibility

Evaluating Responsible Companies

Transparency and Authenticity: Two Overarching Dimensions of Responsibility

Sustainable Companies Language Map

Zone Salience

Economic Responsibility is a Greater Concern for Large Companies

The Social Zone is Relevant for all Companies

Dimensions of Responsibility

Economic Dimensions of Responsibility

Environmental Dimensions of Responsibility

Social Dimensions of Responsibility

Personal Benefit Dimensions of Responsibility

Overall Ranking of Attributes of Responsible Companies

Greenwashing

Consumer Examples of Responsible Companies

Chapter Eleven Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 12 | Sustainable Retail

At Retail, Sustainability is an Experience

Front Stage Retail Elements

Sustainability Products and Retail

Retail Employees and Sustainability

Retail Store Environment

Back Stage Retail Elements

Retail Employment Practices

Going Green Operationally at Retail

Chapter Twelve Summary and Key Insights

CHAPTER 13 | Concluding Thoughts and Recommendations

Sustainability Claims Should be Relevant to the Product

Personal Benefits Matter

Clarify the Link between the Product, Consumer, and the Greater Good

Sustainability Marketing Should Educate without Being Didactic

Visual Communications

Greenwashing

Position Your Company and Product as a Partner

APPENDIX 1 | Demographics

Demographic Differences in Sustainability

Gender

Age

Teenagers

Racial/Ethnic Background

Education

Household Income

Children in Household

Location of Residence

Marital Status

Political Orientation

Vegetarianism and the World of Sustainability

Sustainability Differences across Gender and Age

Significant Differences across Gender

Significant Differences across Age

APPENDIX 2 | Methodology

Quantitative Methods

Quantitative National Survey

Segmenting Sustainability Consumers

Qualitative Methods

Ethnography

APPENDIX 3 | The Hartman Model

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Familiarity with the Term ¨DSustainability(2007, 2008)

Figure 2. What ¨DSustainabilityMeans to Consumers

Figure 3. The Four Zones of Sustainability

Figure 4. Language Map for Sustainability

Figure 5. Two Realms of the World of Sustainability

Figure 6. Zones of Risk Awareness

Figure 7. Consumer Perceptions of How Quality of Life May Change in a Range of Communities (2007, 2008)

Figure 8. Proportion of Consumers Who Think Quality of Life in the Following Communities Is Deteriorating (2007, 2008)

Figure 9. Main Issues Impacting Society

Figure 10. Triggers for Awareness

Figure 11. Top Sources of Information on Sustainability

Figure 12: Frame of Mind: Intent Leads to Sustainability Behavior

Figure 13. Frequency of Purchase Decisions Based on Sustainability Concerns

Figure 14. Reasons for Not Considering Sustainable Values When Purchasing Products

Figure 15. Pathway Adoption for Sustainability

Figure 16. The World of Sustainability

Figure 17. Barriers to Purchasing Sustainable Products (2007, 2008)

Figure 18. What ¨DSustainabilityMeans to Consumers (Top Overall Answers by Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 19. Current Sustainable Practices (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 20. Phases of Adoption for Sustainability Purchasing Habits

Figure 21. Sustainable Products Currently Owned/Used or Planning to Purchase

Figure 22. Which Has Greatest Impact On Society: Purchasing, Voting or Local Involvement?

Figure 23. Most Important Attributes of Sustainable Products (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 24. Effect of Current Economic Conditions on Sustainable Purchases: I Buy More Sustainable Products Now (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 25. Willingness to Pay A Premium for Sustainable Products/Services Compared To A Year Ago (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 26. Impacts of Current Economic Conditions on Cutting Back

Figure 27. Association of the Term ¨DSustainabilityWith ¨DReducing Carbon Footprint

Figure 28. Importance of Company Reduction of Carbon Footprint When Purchasing A Product/Service (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 29. Importance of Packaging Types

Figure 30. Packaging Materials That Consumers View Most Negatively

Figure 31. Most Important Attributes of Sustainable Products (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 32. Importance of Certification of Sustainable Products

Figure 33. Preferred Provider of Sustainability Certification

Figure 34. Language Map for Sustainable Products

Figure 35. Sustainable Products Purchased/Used in Past 30 Days

Figure 36. Properties Associated with the Term ¨DOrganic

Figure 37. Adoption of Sustainable Foods and Beverages

Figure 38. Use of Bottled Water and Its Alternatives and Consumers¡® Willingness to Pay 20% Extra for a Sustainable Version (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 39. Purchases of Foods and Beverages (By Product Category)

Figure 40. Current Market Reach of Sustainable Food and Beverage Products (By Product Category)

Figure 41. Current Market Reach and Immediate Growth Opportunity of Sustainable Food and Beverage Products (By Product Category)

Figure 42. Willingness to Pay A Premium (20% More) For Sustainable Foods and Beverages (By Product Category)

Figure 43. Purchases of Personal Care Products (By Product Category)

Figure 44. Current Market Reach of Sustainable Personal Care Products (By Product Category)

Figure 45. Current Market Reach and Immediate Growth Opportunity of Sustainable Personal Care Products (By Product Category)

Figure 46. Willingness to Pay 20% More for Sustainable Version of Personal Care Products (By Product Category)

Figure 47. Purchases of Household Cleaners

Figure 48. Current Market Reach of Sustainable Household Cleaners

Figure 49. Current Market Reach and Immediate Growth Opportunity of Sustainable Household Cleaners

Figure 50. Willingness to Pay 20% More for Sustainable Version of Household Cleaners

Figure 51. Purchases of OTC Health Care Products

Figure 52. Current Market Reach of Sustainable OTC Health Care Products

Figure 53. Current Market Reach and Immediate Growth Opportunity of Sustainable OTC Health Care Products

Figure 54. Willingness to Pay 20% More for Sustainable Version of OTC Health Care Products

Figure 55. Purchases of Home D¨¦cor

Figure 56. Current Market Reach of Sustainable Home D¨¦cor

Figure 57. Current Market Reach and Immediate Growth Opportunity of Sustainable Home D¨¦cor

Figure 58. Willingness to Pay 20% More for Sustainable Version of Home D¨¦cor

Figure 59. Importance of Sustainable Offerings in Selected Eating Establishments

Figure 60. Likely Purchase of Sustainable Offerings in Selected Eating Establishments

Figure 61. Importance of Sustainable Offerings in Selected Eating Establishments

Figure 62. Transparency and Authenticity

Figure 63. Discerning A Company¡®s Authenticity

Figure 64. Sustainable Companies Language Map

Figure 65. Consumer Model of Sustainability

Figure 66. Importance of Economic Zone & Consumers¡® Purchasing Behavior (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 67. Importance of Environmental Zone & Consumers¡® Purchasing Behavior (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 68. Importance of Social Zone & Consumers¡® Purchasing Behavior (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 69. Importance of Personal Benefit Zone & Consumers¡® Purchasing Behavior (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 70. Importance of Company Practices in Consumers¡® Purchasing Behavior

Figure 71. Consumer Reactions to Large Company¡®s Environmentally Friendly Claims (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 72. Primary Reasons for Shopping at Favorite Retailer

Figure 73. Primary Reasons for Shopping at Favorite Retailer: Merchandise (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 74. In-Store Information Sources on Sustainable Products (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 75. Where Consumers Buy Their Sustainable Products

Figure 76. Where Consumers Buy Their Sustainable Products: Separate Trips (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 77. Primary Reasons for Shopping at Favorite Retailer: Employee Service and Knowledge (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 78. Primary Reasons for Shopping at Favorite Retailer: Physical Layout (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 79. Primary Reason for Shopping at Favorite Retailer: Offers Reusable Bags (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 80. Sustainability Consumer Segments By Gender

Figure 81. Sustainability Consumer Segments By Age

Figure 82. Frequency of Purchasing Decisions Based on Sustainability Concerns (Adults vs. Teenagers)

Figure 83. Familiarity with the Term ¨DSustainability

Figure 84. What ¨DSustainabilityMeans To Consumers (Associations Held More Often By Teenagers than By Adults)

Figure 85. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Racial/Ethnic Background)

Figure 86. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Educational Level)

Figure 87. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Household Income)

Figure 88. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Presence of Children in Household)

Figure 89. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Urban/Rural Residence)

Figure 90. Region of Residence (By Sustainability Consumer Segment)

Figure 91. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Marital Status / Living Arrangement)

Figure 92. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Political Orientation)

Figure 93. Sustainability Consumer Segments (By Vegetarianism/Not)

Figure 94. World Model: Core to Periphery

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Barriers and Motivations for Sustainable Purchases

Table 2. Description of Summary Charts Displaying Purchase-Related Survey Findings on Product Category Purchases

Table 3. Purchase Criteria for Sustainable Foods and Beverages

Table 4. General Food and Beverage Categories and Corresponding Sustainable Versions

Table 5. Purchase Criteria for Sustainable Personal Care Products

Table 6. General Personal Care Product Categories and Corresponding Sustainable Versions

Table 7. Purchase Criteria for Sustainable Household Cleaner

Table 8. General Household Cleaner Category and Corresponding Sustainable Versions

Table 9. Purchase Criteria for Sustainable OTCs and Supplements

Table 10. General OTC Health Care Products Category and Corresponding Sustainable Versions

Table 11. Desired Attributes of Sustainable Home D¨¦cor/Improvement and Appliances/Electronics

Table 12. Purchase Criteria for Sustainable Home D¨¦cor/Improvement and Appliances/Electronics

Table 13. General Home D¨¦cor Product Category and Corresponding Sustainable Versions

Table 14. Attributes of Sustainable Food Service

Table 15. Purchase Criteria for Sustainable Food Service

Table 16. Companies Most Often Cited As Being Responsible By Consumers Overall (Unaided Responses)

Abstract

In this report, The Hartman Group examines where the consumer definition of sustainability currently is at and offers insight into the negative outlook consumers have for the economy and the positive outcome they feel will result by making sustainable purchase decisions.

Sustainability: The Rise of Responsibility provides a detailed analysis of several key product and channel categories. The analyses indicate that many consumers do not know which products or companies are truly sustainable. The report highlights key findings that reinforce the trend in “responsible purchasing” including, the number of consumers who believe their purchase decisions matter as much as their votes, how many consumers participate in sustainable behaviors and consider environment and social aspects at times in making purchase decisions, and those consumers willing to pay a premium for sustainable goods despite the economic downturn.

In addition to consumer perceptions and product and channel analysis, Sustainability: The Rise of Consumer Responsibility provides guidance for creating marketing and communications messages that resonate with consumers, which also serve as guardrails for helping companies to avoid perceptions of green-washing.

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