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Renewable Energy Capacity In The Eu: The Current Market, Drivers To Growth, Future Capacity Forecasts

Published by: Business Insights

Published: Jul. 1, 2009 - 160 Pages


Table of Contents


Renewable Energy Capacity in the EU
Executive summary
Energy security and environmental drivers
Infrastructure
Current state of EU energy market
Wind capacity in the EU
Solar capacity in the EU
Future outlook for the renewable energy market
Chapter 1 Introduction
Report introduction
Chapter 2 Energy security and environmental drivers
Summary
Introduction
Energy security
Fossil fuel generation and emissions
Resource depletion and alternatives to oil
The pace of resource depletion
Liquid alternatives to oil
Replacing existing capacity
Environmental concerns
Population growth
CO2 emissions by country
Global warming
Renewable energy and energy efficiency targets in the EU
Chapter 3 Infrastructure
Summary
Introduction
Interconnections
Energy networks
Current international interconnections
Planned international interconnections
Grid extension to accommodate renewables
Grid infrastructure
Grid connection issues
Grid connection costs
Intelligent grid management
Grid upgrades
Future renewable infrastructure/ grid requirements
Med Ring
African connection
Intercontinental HVDC interconnection
Super Grid
EU wind map
EU solar map
Chapter 4 Current state of the EU energy market
Summary
Introduction
Energy demand in the EU (consumption)
Total energy consumption
Final energy consumption
EU-27 electricity capacity
Capacity factor
Electricity installed capacity mix
Wind capacity
Solar capacity
Geothermal capacity
Hydropower capacity
EU-27 electricity generation
Gross electricity generation
Recent installed energy capacity summary
Percentage mix of what has been recently installed in Europe
Chapter 5 Wind capacity in the EU
Summary
Introduction
The European wind market
Leading countries
Cumulative wind power
New installed wind
Installed capacity dominating the market
Electricity production from installed wind power
Wind capacity planned and under construction
Drivers of European wind power market capacity
The cost of wind power
Wind capital costs
Wind integration costs
Government legislation effecting the wind market in Europe
Regulatory price-driven mechanisms
Quantity-based market schemes
Voluntary approaches
Indirect strategies
Current wind support mechanisms in the EU
Chapter 6 Solar capacity in the EU
Summary
Introduction
The European solar market
Leading countries
Cumulative solar capacity
New installed solar capacity
Solar capacity planned and under construction
Drivers of European solar market capacity
The cost of solar power
Competitiveness of grid-connected applications
Factors affecting PV cost reductions
Government legislation effecting the solar PV market in Europe
Renewable energy ‘Feed-in-Tariff’ (REFIT)
Financing
Administration
Guaranteed grid access
Government and industry commitment
Chapter 7 Future outlook for the European renewable energy market
Summary
Introduction
Future energy consumption
Population growth
Population forecasts
Increased electrical generation capacity based on population growth
Energy consumption and its impact
Overall energy consumption
Oil consumption
Future carbon emissions
Oil price rises
Future energy consumption by type to 2020
Renewable energy percentage mix to 2020
Scenarios for implementation of renewable electricity generation capacity
Wind growth to 2020
Onshore wind
Offshore wind
Solar power growth to 2020
Wind and solar cumulative capacity by 2020
Other renewables
Problems with increasing mass hydropower capacity
Other renewable energy growth to 2020
Issues with switching to renewable technologies
Capacity factor
Efficiency
Conclusions
Summary of issues
Gross electricity production supplied by renewables
Electricity generation by type
Current generation mix
Future final energy supplied by renewables
Future European electricity generation scenarios
Reference scenario
High scenario
Low scenario
Appendix
Bibliography
References
Primary and secondary data sources
Index
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: CO2 emissions by fuel (CO2/GJ), 2007
Figure 2.2: Non renewable resources depletion (years), 2009
Figure 2.3: Changing UK generation capacity format (MW), 2003-2007
Figure 2.4: Replacing old capacity with renewables (MW), 2003-2007
Figure 2.5: EU-27 Population growth (millions of people), 1998 to 2008
Figure 2.6: EU-27 Population growth projection (millions of people), 2010-2060
Figure 2.7: EU generated carbon emissions (Million Metric tonnes of Carbon), 2006
Figure 2.8: EU 27 CO2 emissions by sector, 1990-2006
Figure 2.9: CO2 levels in the atmosphere (PPM), 1959-2008
Figure 3.10: Interconnectors in Europe, 2009
Figure 3.11: Interconnectors in the North Sea, 2008
Figure 3.12: The Mediterranean Ring, 2005
Figure 3.13: European wind speed map
Figure 3.14: EU Solar map, 2006
Figure 4.15: Gross inland consumption - EU27 by fuel (in Mtoe), 2006
Figure 4.16: Total EU-27 energy consumption by fuel (Mtoe), 2006
Figure 4.17: EU-27 Energy consumption by fuel (% usage compared to 1990), 2006
Figure 4.18: Explanation of capacity factor
Figure 4.19: Energy capacity mix in Europe (GW), end 2008
Figure 4.20: Installed power capacity in the EU (MW), 1990-2008
Figure 4.21: New installed capacity in Europe by type (MW), 2008
Figure 4.22: EU net increase/decrease in power capacity (MW), 2000-2008
Figure 4.23: Annual installed capacity in the EU by type (% share), 1995 and 2007
Figure 4.24: EU-27 electricity generation growth (%), 1990-2006
Figure 4.25: New power capacity installed in 2008 (MW)
Figure 5.26: Cumulative wind power installed in the EU (MW), 2008
Figure 5.27: Life cycle carbon emissions (CO2 equivalent/GW)
Figure 5.28: Additional installed wind capacity by year (MW), 1995-2008
Figure 5.29: Germany, Spain and Denmark’s share of EU market for wind power (MW), 2000- 2008
Figure 7.30: Population growth forecast (billions of people), 1990-2030
Figure 7.31: World market energy consumption (Btu), 1990-2008
Figure 7.32: Primary energy consumption in the EU by fuel (Mtoe), 2008
Figure 7.33: Population and oil consumption growth (bn), 1965-2007
Figure 7.34: Global CO2 emissions growth (Million Metric Tonnes CO2), 1990-2030
Figure 7.35: Europe energy consumption by type (Btu), 1990-2030
Figure 7.36: High, reference and low onshore wind power scenarios for EU, (GW), 2010 to 2030
Figure 7.37: Three offshore wind power scenarios for EU, (GW), 2010 to 2030
Figure 7.38: EPIA EU Solar projection (GW), 2008-2013
Figure 7.39: EurObserv’ER EU Solar projection (MW), 2006 to 2010
Figure 7.40: Increasing solar cell efficiency (%), 1975-2008
Figure 7.41: Generation technology comparison
Figure 7.42: Share of generation in Europe by energy type (%), 2020
List of Tables
Table 2.1: EU-27 energy dependency (consumption v imports Mtoe), 2008
Table 2.2: Non renewable resources depletion, 2009
Table 2.3: Biofuels comparison (Liters of Oil Yields), to 2009
Table 2.4: EU renewable energy targets for 2020 (%)
Table 3.5: Electricity consumption and exchanges in regions in Europe (TWh), 2006
Table 4.6: Gross inland consumption (Mtoe), 2006
Table 4.7: EU-27 final energy consumption (TWh), 2006
Table 4.8: Typical capacity factors for power generating plants (%)
Table 4.9: Gross electricity generation in EU-27 by type (GWh), 2006
Table 4.10: EU-27 electricity production by source (%), 2006
Table 4.11: Gross electricity generation from renewables in EU-27 (GWh), 2006
Table 5.12: Wind power total and newly installed (MW), 2009
Table 5.13: Wind offshore* power total installed capacity (MW), 2007 and 2008
Table 5.14: EU27 Electricity production from wind power (MW), 2008
Table 5.15: Wind power constructions and planning until 2015, Jan 2009
Table 5.16: Comparison of capital cost estimates ($/KW), 2003 and 2007
Table 5.17: Wind support schemes for EU-27 countries, 2008
Table 6.18: Total cumulative solar photovoltaic installed (MW), ending 2008
Table 6.19: Additional photovoltaic capacity installed in the EU (MW), 2008
Table 7.20: Oil price per barrel (€), 2000-2030
Table 7.21: Wind electricity production forecast to 2030 (TWh), 2008
Table 7.22: Electricity generation matrix, 2006
Table 7.23: EU electricity generation capacity (GW), 2006-2008
Table 7.24: Energy consumption (TWh) and capacity growth (GW), 2008-2020
Table 7.25: Reference EU future electrical generation scenarios (TWh), 2008-2020
Table 7.26: High EU future electrical generation scenarios (TWh), 2008-2020
Table 7.27: Low EU future electrical generation scenarios (TWh), 2008-2020

Abstract

Electrical production capacity has had historically an energy mix consisting primarily of fossil fuels including gas, coal and oil, backed up with a volume of nuclear and hydro power.

The EU-27 countries are trying to lower carbon emissions, and build an interconnected, efficient energy system.

New targets have been created by the EC that request that by 2020 the EU-27 countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% (compared with 1990 levels) by 2020; improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020; raise the share of renewable energy to 20 % by 2020; increase the level of biofuels in transport fuel to 10% by 2020.

In trying to meet these objectives, a new energy market is beginning to evolve.

Recent addition has been made to the energy mix by way of renewable energy technologies which include power from the wind - wind turbines, and power from the sun - solar cells, and geothermal - relying on the heat that can be found at varying degrees of depth into the Earth’s surface. In the last decade newly installed renewable energy technologies are starting to gain a notable share of the market.

‘Renewable Energy Capacity in the EU’ is a new report published by Business Insights that documents the growth of this new market, showing its current status and projecting where it is likely to grow to in the foreseeable future.

This report gathers the statistical data on the different types of energy generation, combines and contrasts them against each other to show the clear leaders, drivers to change and future growth.

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