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Drug Delivery Technology: Revolutionizing Diabetes Treatment

Published by: PharmaVision

Published: Sep. 20, 2007 - 91 Pages


Table of Contents


1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Regulation of sugar

1.1.2 Insulin

1.1.3 Type 1 diabetes

1.1.4 Type 2 diabetes

1.1.5 Other types of diabetes

1.2 Overview of the market

1.2.1 Market aize

1.2.2 Insulin

1.2.3 Oral hypogycaemic agents

1.2.4 Other hypoglycemics

1.2.5 Key pharma players

1.3 Product pipeline

1.3.1 Growth areas for drug delivery in diabetes


2 Market drivers and opportunities for drug delivery technologies

2.1 The diabetes market and its drivers

2.1.1 Opportunities for growth

2.1.2 Factors determining market size

2.2 Translating demographics into market projections

2.2.1 Cost

2.2.2 Conservatism

2.2.3 Evolving treatment patterns

2.3 Opportunities for drug delivery technology

2.3.1 Insulin

2.3.2 Conclusions

2.4 Hypoglycemics


3 Key drug delivery companies in diabetes research


4 Current drug delivery issues and opportunities in diabetes

4.1 Insulin by injection

4.1.1 Syringe-and-needle administration

4.1.2 Insulin pen devices

4.1.3 Insulin pumps

4.2 Non-invasive insulin delivery

4.2.1 Jet injectors

4.2.2 Pulmonary inhalation

4.2.3 Transdermal delivery of insulin

4.2.4 Buccal and nasal absorption of insulin


5 Drug delivery platform: insulin by injection

5.1 Delivery technology: new-generation insulin pens

5.2 Delivery technology: needle-free injectors

5.2.1 Case Study: SQ-Pen (The Medical House

5.3 Delivery technology: insulin pumps

5.3.1 Case Study: Paradigm (Medtronic

5.3.2 Case Study: OmniPod (Insulet Corporation

5.4 Our opinion on insulin injection technologies


6 Drug delivery platform: insulin by inhalation

6.1 Exubera: a brief recap and critique

6.2 Delivery technology: solid insulin dosage form for inhalation

6.2.1 Case Study: AIR Insulin System (Eli Lilly& Co/Alkermes Inc

6.2.2 Case Study: Technosphere (Mannkind Corporation

6.2.3 Case Study: Promaxx (Baxter

6.3 Delivery technology: liquid insulin dosage form for inhalation

6.3.1 Case Study: AERx (Aradigm/Novo Nordisk

6.3.2 Case Study: Insulair (B&O Medicom

6.3.3 Case Study: KI-02-212 (Kos Pharmceuticals

6.4 Our opinion on insulin inhalation technologies


7 Delivery platform: other insulin delivery routes

7.1 Delivery technology: buccal insulin delivery

7.1.1 Case Study: Oral-lyn buccal spray (Generex

7.1.2 Case Study: Oral spray (Hubei Huagong Biochemical Engineering

7.2 Delivery technology: oral insulin

7.2.1 Case study: Oral insulin cobalamin-coated nanoparticles (Access Pharmaceuticals

7.2.2 Case Study: Oral insulin (Emisphere Technologies

7.2.3 Case Study: Oradel (Apollo Life Sciences

7.3 Delivery Technology: transdermal insulin delivery

7.3.1 Case Study: ALT 1391 (Altea Therapeutics

7.3.2 Case Study: TPM-02/insulin (Phosphagenics

7.3.3 Case Study: ViaDerm (TransPharma

7.4 Delivery technology: nasal insulin administration

7.4.1 Case Study: CPE-215 (Bentley Pharmaceuticals

7.5 Our opinion on buccal, oral, transdermal and nasal insulin delivery routes


8 Delivery platform: delivery of non-insulin drugs

8.1 Delivery technology: injectable formulations

8.1.1 Case Study: Byetta LAR (Amylin/Eli Lilly/Alkermes

8.1.2 Case Study: CJC113 (ConjuChem

8.1.3 Case Study: BIM 51077 (Roche/Ipsen

8.1.4 Case Study: Liraglutide (Novo Nordisk

8.2 Delivery technology: oral formulations

8.2.1 Case Study: Eligen technology (Emisphere Technologies

8.2.2 Case Study: Oradel (Apollo Life Sciences

8.3 Our opinion on delivery of non-insulin drugs


9 Future developments in delivery of novel antidiabetic therapies

9.1 Transplantation

9.1.1 Islet cell transplants

9.1.2 Case Study: Transition Therapeutics

9.2 Development of the 'artificial pancreas

9.3 Stem cell developments

9.3.1 Case Study: University of Texas at Galveston

9.3.2 Case Study: University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, and the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago

9.4 Gene therapy

9.4.1 Case Study: New exon-skipping technology, Esprit (AVI BioPharma

9.4.2 Case Study: Nanoparticle insulin gene delivery (enGene Inc

9.5 Our opinion on novel anti-diabetic therapies


10 Market trends in diabetes drug delivery

10.1 Demographics drive the market

10.1.1 Leading therapy groups

10.1.2 Leading companies

10.2 Drug delivery: role and market trends to

10.2.1 The insulin injection problem

10.2.2 Present achievements in insulin delivery

10.2.3 Insulin pumps

10.2.4 Jet injectors

10.3 Other delivery problems and opportunities in diabetes

10.4 Diabetes pharma drivers and drug delivery trends by

10.4.1 Current and future insulin delivery market segmentation

10.5 The Diabetes Market by 2020

10.5.1 Pharma drivers and drug delivery trends by 2020


11 Summary & conclusions


12 Bibliography


13 Biography

Abstract

The efficient delivery of insulin remains one of the key therapeutic problems in the management of diabetes. Treatment of Type 1, and up to one-third of Type 2 cases require insulin however, until recently the only route of administration was via subcutaneous injection. Whilst there have been marginal improvements in injectable devices - insulin “pens” - the recent approval of inhalable insulin is the first step to opening new opportunities in the non-invasive delivery of this life-giving macromolecule. Clearly, there has been a major opportunity for new product development in the insulin delivery field, and a great deal of R&D activity is now beginning to bear fruit.

It is noteworthy that all three lead products in the inhaled insulin category have involved collaboration between the top insulin companies and smaller concerns specializing in delivery devices: Alkermes, Aradigm and Nektar Therapeutics. Inhalable insulin formulations are also being developed by companies including Mannkind and Baxter.

Other non-invasive routes to exploit for insulin delivery include ansdermal patches utilizing some form of active transport to drive the sizeable insulin molecule through the skin, and delivery via the buccal mucosa. Generex is one company investigating the buccal route, and Altea and Alza are working with the transdermal approach.

We believe there are significant opportunities for the improved delivery of insulin, and examples are provided on research programmes which are now underway. There is less need for development of drug delivery technologies in the area of oral hypoglycaemics, since all the leading drugs in this category are well absorbed orally and the current generation all have adequate long half-lives.

There is, however, an emerging (potential) opportunity for optimizing the delivery of newer drug treatments, including incretin mimetics (the current products are given by injection) and GLP-1 agonists which are thought to have the same limitation. In addition, PPAR agonists may benefit from the utilization of delivery platforms.

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