Liquid Biofuels: The North American Market

Published by: BCC Research

Published: Mar. 1, 2009 - 415 Pages

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

INTENDED AUDIENCE

SCOPE OF REPORT

INFORMATION SOURCES

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

RELATED PUBLICATIONS

BCC ONLINE SERVICES

DISCLAIMER

CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

SUMMARY TABLE VALUE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BIOFUELS MARKET, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)

SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MARKET BY BIOFUEL TYPE, 2002-2013 ($ BILLIONS)

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW

FIGURE 1 WORLD ENERGY MATRIX (%)

CONVERSION ROUTES FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTION

FIGURE 2 THERMAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICALS ROUTES TO BIOFUELS PRODUCTION

CONVERSION ROUTES FOR … (CONTINUED)

FIGURE 3 THE HOLISTIC ETHANOL FACILITY

BIOFUEL EVOLUTION

FIRST-GENERATION FUELS

TABLE 1 ENERGY CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL FUELS

SECOND-GENERATION FUELS

THIRD-GENERATION FUELS

FOURTH-GENERATION FUELS

FEEDSTOCKS

YIELD

TABLE 2 RELATIVE YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (GAL./ACRE)

FIGURE 4 RELATIVE YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (GAL./ACRE)

FIGURE 4 (CONTINUED)

NET ENERGY YIELD

TABLE 3 NET ENERGY YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (EROI)

FIGURE 5 NET ENERGY YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (EROI)

FIGURE 5 (CONTINUED)

COST OF PRODUCTION

TABLE 4 RELATIVE COSTS OF BIOFUELS FROM VARIOUS FEEDSTOCKS, 2008 ($/BBL., ESTIMATED)

FIGURE 6 RELATIVE COSTS OF BIOFUELS FROM VARIOUS FEEDSTOCKS, 2008 ($/BBL., ESTIMATED)

CHAPTER FOUR: ETHANOL

TABLE 5 FEEDSTOCKS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION

TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)

CORN ETHANOL

TABLE 6 CORN ETHANOL FEEDSTOCK REQUIREMENTS, BY PLANT SIZE

CORN ETHANOL MANUFACTURING

CELLULOSIC ETHANOL

FIGURE 7 ESTIMATED FUTURE POTENTIAL U.S. BIOMASS RESOURCE BASE FOR FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION (%)

CELLULOSIC ETHANOL MANUFACTURING

FIGURE 8 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

TABLE 7 DOE-SUPPORTED CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PROJECTS

TABLE 7 (CONTINUED)

ETHANOL BLENDING

CO-PRODUCTS OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION

ETHANOL PLANT COSTS

TABLE 8 ESTIMATED CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS, BY ETHANOL PLANT SIZE

ETHANOL GROSS MARGINS

TABLE 9 FUTURES PRICES FOR ETHANOL, CORN, NATURAL GAS, AND PROJECTED PRICES FOR DISTILLERS GRAINS, JANUARY 2009

FIGURE 9 ETHANOL OPERATING MARGINS BASED ON FUTURES PRICES , JANUARY 2009

CHAPTER FIVE: BIODIESEL

TABLE 10 FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)

BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING

TRANSESTERIFICATION

POST REACTION PROCESSES

BIODIESEL BLENDING

CO-PRODUCTS OF BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING

BIODIESEL PLANT COSTS

TABLE 11 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (5 MGY PLANT, BASED ON SOYBEAN COSTS OF $0.22/LB)

FIGURE 10 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (5 MGY PLANT, BASED ON SOYBEAN COSTS OF $0.22/LB.) (%)

BIODIESEL GROSS MARGINS

TABLE 12 FUTURES PRICES FOR HEATING OIL, SOYBEAN OIL, AND PROJECTED PRICES FOR BIODIESEL, JANUARY 2009

FIGURE 11 BIODIESEL OPERATING MARGINS BASED ON FUTURES PRICES, JANUARY 2009

CHAPTER SIX: OTHER BIOFUELS

STRAIGHT VEGETABLE OIL (SVO), PURE VEGETABLE OIL (PVO)

WOOD DIESEL

BIOBUTANOL

BIOBUTANOL (CONTINUED)

BIOBUTANOL MANUFACTURING

TABLE 13 BIOBUTANOL PROJECTS IN NORTH AMERICA

TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)

HYDROGENATION-DERIVED RENEWABLE DIESEL

TABLE 14 HYDROGENATION-DERIVED RENEWABLE DIESEL PROJECTS IN NORTH AMERICA

TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)

HYDROTHERMAL UPGRADING DIESEL

FISCHER-TROPSCH BIOFUELS

FISCHER-TROPSCH MANUFACTURING

ALGAL FUEL (OILGAE)

TABLE 15 PROMISING ALGAE FOR BIODIESEL MANUFACTURE

TABLE 16 COMPANIES DEVELOPING ALGAL BIODIESEL

BIOMETHANOL

DIMETHYLFURAN (DMF)

DMF MANUFACTURING

BIO-DME

GREEN GASOLINE

DESIGNER HYDROCARBONS

CHAPTER SEVEN: BIOFUELS IN THE U.S.

TABLE 17 U.S. ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2003-2007 (QUADRILLION BTU)

FIGURE 12 U.S. BIOFUELS COMSUMPTION, 2005-2007, AND PROJECTIONS TO 2029

TABLE 18 U.S. MOTOR FUELS CONSUMPTION, 2000-2008 (MGY)

FIGURE 13 U.S. MOTOR FUELS CONSUMPTION, 2000-2008 (MGY)

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION (CCC) BIOENERGY PROGRAM

AMERICAN JOBS ACT OF 2004

ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2OO5

THE FOOD, CONSERVATION, AND ENERGY ACT OF 2008 (2008 FARM BILL)

TABLE 19 FEDERAL INCENTIVES FOR PROMOTING BIOFUELS, BY AGENCY

TABLE 19 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 19 (CONTINUED)

U.S. BLENDING TARGETS

TABLE 20 EISA-MANDATED MINIMUM USE REQUIREMENTS FOR RENEWABLE FUELS, 2006-2022

AGENCIES AND ASSOCIATIONS DRIVING THE U.S. BIOFUEL MARKET

TABLE 21 AGENCIES AND ASSOCIATIONS DRIVING THE U.S. BIOFUELS INDUSTRY

ETHANOL PRODUCTION

TABLE 22 U.S. ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (BILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 14 U.S. ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (BILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 15 U.S. ETHANOL PLANT MAP, OPERATING OR UNDER CONSTRUTION, 2008

TABLE 23 PRODUCING U.S ETHANOL PLANTS, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 23 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 23 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 23 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 23 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 24 NONPRODUCING U.S ETHANOL PLANTS, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 25 U.S. ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, JANUARY 2009

U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY BY STATE

TABLE 26 EXISITING U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NONPRODUCING, AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY STATE, JANUARY 2009

FIGURE 16 EXISTING U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NON-PRODUCING, AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY STATE, JANUARY 2009 (MGY)

U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY BY FEEDSTOCK

TABLE 27 U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NONPRODUCING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 2009

FIGURE 17 U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCNG, NONPRODUCING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 2009 (%)

U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY BY PRODUCER

TABLE 28 SHARE OF U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY, EXISITING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JANUARY 2009

FIGURE 18 SHARE OF U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY, EXISITING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JANUARY 2009 (%)

CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PROJECTS

TABLE 29 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PROJECTS

TABLE 29 (CONTINUED)

U.S. ETHANOL DEMAND

FIGURE 19 U.S. ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, BY STATE, 2005 (THOUSAND BARRELS)

ETHANOL AND U.S. CORN DEMAND

FIGURE 20 U.S. CORN USE: DOMESTIC, EXPORTS, ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 1960-2015 (BILLION BUSHELS)

U.S. ETHANOL IMPORTS

TABLE 30 U.S. FUEL ETHANOL IMPORTS, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2007 (MILLION GAL.)

FIGURE 21 U.S. FUEL ETHANOL IMPORTS, BY COUNTRY (MILLION GALLONS)

BIODIESEL

TABLE 31 U.S. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (MILLION GAL.)

FIGURE 22 U.S. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (MILLION GAL.)

FIGURE 23 U.S. BIODIESEL PLANT MAP, OPERATING OR UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008

TABLE 32 PRODUCING U.S. BIODIESEL PLANTS, OCTOBER 3, 2008

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 33 U.S. BIODIESEL PLANTS NOT PRODUCING, OCTOBER 3, 2008

TABLE 34 U.S. BIODIESEL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY BY STATE

TABLE 35 BIODIESEL CAPACITY BY STATE, EXISTING PLANTS (PRODUCING AND NONPRODUCING) AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 35 (CONTINUED)

FIGURE 24 BIODIESEL CAPACITY BY STATE, EXISTING PLANTS (PRODUCING AND NONPRODUCING) AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008 (MGY)

U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY BY FEEDSTOCK

TABLE 36 U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NONPRODUCING, AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY FEEDSTOCK

TABLE 36 (CONTINUED)

FIGURE 25 U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY, BY FEEDSTOCK (%)

U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY BY PRODUCER

TABLE 37 SHARE OF U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY, EXISITING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JANUARY 2009

FIGURE 26 SHARE OF U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY, EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JAUARY 2009 (%)

VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS IN THE U.S

VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR …(CONTINUED)

VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR …(CONTINUED)

FUEL PRICES

TABLE 38 VALUE OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR BIOFUELS BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 27 VALUE OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR BIOFUELS BY FUEL TYPE, 2002-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

CHAPTER EIGHT: BIOFUELS IN CANADA

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

TABLE 39 FEDERAL PROGRAMS SUPPORTING CANADA’S BIOFUELS INDUSTRY

TABLE 39 (CONTINUED)

INCENTIVES

ETHANOL PRODUCTION

TABLE 40 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MGY)

FIGURE 28 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MGY)

TABLE 41 PRODUCING CANADIAN ETHANOL PLANTS

TABLE 42 CANADIAN ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 43 CANADIAN ETHANOL CAPACITY BY PROVINCE, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

FIGURE 29 CANADIAN ETHANOL CAPACITY BY PROVINCE, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008 (MPG)

TABLE 44 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (MGY)

FIGURE 30 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTNG PLANTS AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

TABLE 45 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS, AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 31 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS, AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

TABLE 46 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MPG)

FIGURE 32 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MGY)

TABLE 47 PRODUCING CANADIAN BIODIESEL PLANTS, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 48 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 49 CANADIAN BIODIESEL CAPACITY, BY PROVINCE (MGY, PERCENT OF TOTAL)

FIGURE 33 CANADIAN BIODIESEL CAPACITY, BY PROVINCE (MGY)

TABLE 50 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 34 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

TABLE 51 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 35 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS IN CANADA

VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR … (CONTINUED)

FUEL PRICES

TABLE 52 VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS IN CANADA, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 36 VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS IN CANADA, 2002-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

CHAPTER NINE: BIOFUELS IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN

MEXICO

LEGAL FRAMEWORK

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

TABLE 53 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN MEXICO

GUATEMALA

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

NICARAGUA

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

CUBA

COSTA RICA

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

INCENTIVES

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

PROGRAMS DRIVING THE COSTA RICAN BIOFUELS MARKET

BARBADOS

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

INCENTIVES

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

JAMAICA

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

INCENTIVES

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

EL SALVADOR

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

INCENTIVES

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY

TABLE 54 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 37 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

ETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN BY FEEDSTOCK

TABLE 55 ETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008

FIGURE 38 ETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (%)

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN

TABLE 56 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 39 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN BY FEEDSTOCK

TABLE 57 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN BY FEEDSTOCK

FIGURE 40 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN BY FEEDSTOCK (%)

VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN

VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS …(CONTINUED)

FUEL PRICES

TABLE 58 VALUE OF THE BIOFUEL MARKET IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 41 VALUE OF THE BIOFUEL MARKET IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FUEL TYPE, 2002-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

CHAPTER TEN: PATENT ANALYSIS

BY APPLICATION

TABLE 59 PATENTS BY APPLICATION

FIGURE 42 PATENTS BY APPLICATION (%)

BY COMPANY

TABLE 60 PATENTS BY COMPANY

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)

FIGURE 43 PATENTS BY COMPANY (%)

CHAPTER ELEVEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

COMPANY PROFILES

A&B PROCESS SYSTEMS CORP.

ABENGOA

ABENCS

ABSOLUTE ENERGY

AC&S, INC.

ACE ETHANOL

ACP ENVIRONMENTAL FUELS

ADKINS ENERGY

ADVANCED BIOENERGY

AE BIOFUELS

AG ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

AG PROCESSING, INC.

AG SOLUTIONS, INC.

AGRA BIOFUELS, INC.

AGRI-ENERGY, LLC

AGRIFUELS, LLC

AGRI-SOURCE FUELS, LLC

ALABAMA BIODIESEL CORP.

ALCHEM, LTD.

AL-CORN CLEAN FUEL

ALFA LAVAL

ALGAE FLOATING SYSTEMS, INC.

ALGAE FUEL SYSTEMS

ALGAEFUEL

ALGAEWHEEL, INC.

ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP

ALGENOL BIOFUELS

ALGODYNE ETHANOL ENERGY CORP.

ALGOIL INDUSTRIES, INC.

ALL-AMERICAN BIODIESEL

ALLIED RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

ALPHA HOLDINGS

ALTERNATIVE FUELS CORP.

ALTERNATIVE LIQUID FUEL INDUSTRIES

ALTERRA BIOENERGY

ALTRABIOFUELS

AMAIZING ENERGY

AMELOT HOLDINGS

AMERECO ARIZONA, LLC

AMERICAN AG FUELS, LLC

AMERICAN AGRI-DIESEL

AMERICAN BIODIESEL ENERGY, INC.

AMERICAN BIOREFINING, INC.

AMERICAN ENERGY PRODUCERS, INC.

AMERICAN ETHANOL GROUP

AMYRIS FUELS, INC.

ANHYDRO/DEDERT CORP.

AQUATIC ENERGY, LLC

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND CO.

ARES BLUE SUN CLOVIS, LLC

ARISDYNE SYSTEMS, INC.

ARKANSAS SOY ENERGY GROUP, LLC

AURORA BIOFUELS

AVENTINE RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC.

AZALEA BIOENERGY COMPANY, INC.

BABCOCK & BROWN

BADGER BIODIESEL, INC.

BADGER STATE ETHANOL

BASF CORP.

BAY BIODIESEL, LLC

BAYSTATE BIOFUELS, LLC

BEACON ENERGY CORP.

BEAN’S COMMERCIAL GREASE

BEAVER BIODIESEL, LLC

BENTLY BIOFUELS

BEST ENERGIES, INC.

BETTER BIODIESEL, INC.

BIFROST BIO-BLENDS, LTD.

BIG RIVER RESOURCES, LLC

BIOCAT FUELS, LLC

BIOCARDEL VERMONT, LLC

BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES

BIODIESEL OF AMERICA

BIODIESEL OF LAS VEGAS, INC.

BIODIESEL OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC.

BIO-DIESEL QUEBEC, INC.

BIOENERGY INTERNATIONAL

BIOENGINEERING RESOURCES, INC.

BIOFUEL ENERGY CORP.

BIOFUEL OF TENNESSEE

BIOGOLD FUELS CORP.

BIOSELECT GALVESTON

BIOVANTAGE FUELS, LLC

BIOX CORP.

BLUE DIAMOND VENTURES BIODIESEL

BLUE FLINT ETHANOL

BLUE MARBLE ENERGY

BLUE RIDGE BIOFUELS

BLUE SKY BIODIESEL, LLC

BLUE SKY BIO-FUELS, INC.

BLUEFIRE ETHANOL

BP BIOFUELS

BRATNEY COMPANIES

BROWNFIELD BIODIESEL, LLC

BUCKEYE ETHANOL

BUNGE

BUTYLFUEL, LLC

CALGREN RENEWABLE FUELS

CALIFORNIA ETHANOL & POWER

CANADIAN BIOENERGY CORP.

CARDINAL ETHANOL

CARGILL, INC.

CAROLINA BIOFUELS, LLC

CASCADE GRAIN PRODUCTS, LLC

CASTLE ROCK RENEWABLE FUELS

CAVITATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CELLANA

CENTER ETHANOL CO., LLC

CENTRAL BIO-ENERGY

CENTRAL INDIANA ETHANOL, LLC

CENTRAL IA ENERGY, LLC

CENTRAL MINNESOTA ETHANOL CO-OP

CENTRAL TEXAS BIOFUELS

CENTRAL VALLEY BIOFUELS, LLC

CENTRAL WASHINGTON BIODIESEL, LLC

CENTRAL WISCONSIN ALCOHOL

CENTRISYS CORP.

CFC TRANSPORTATION, INC.

CHANNEL CHEMICAL CORP.

CHESAPEAKE CUSTOM CHEMICAL

CHESAPEAKE GREEN FUELS

CHEVRON CORP.

CHIEF ETHANOL FUELS, INC.

CHIPPEWA VALLEY ETHANOL CO.

CILION

CLEAN BURN FUELS, LLC

COBALT BIOFUELS

CODEXIS, INC.

COLLINGWOOD ETHANOL, LP

COLUMBUS FOODS CO.

COMMONWEALTH AGRI-ENERGY, LLC

COMMUNITY FUELS

CONAGRA FOODS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BIOFUELS

CONSOLIDATED ENERGY HOLDINGS

CORN, LP

CORN PLUS

CORNHUSKER ENERGY LEXINGTON, LLC

COSKATA, INC.

CTI BIOFUELS, LLC

DAKOTA ETHANOL, LLC

DANISCO A/S

DEAN CEG, LLC

DELTA AMERICAN FUEL, LLC

DELTA-T CORP.

TABLE 61 DELTA-T ETHANOL PLANTS

DELTA BIOFUELS

DENALI INDUSTRIES, LLC

DENCO, LLC

DESMET BALLESTRA

DIAMOND BIOFUELS

DIDION MILLING

DIVERSIFIED ENERGY CORP.

DOWN TO EARTH ENERGY, INC.

DYADIC INTERNATIONAL

DYNAMIC FUELS

E CARUSO

E ENERGY ADAMS, LLC

E3 BIOFUELS, LLC

EAGLE BIODIESEL, INC.

EAGLE CREEK FUEL SERVICES, LLC

EARL FISHER BIOFUELS, LLP

EARTH BIOFUELS, INC.

EARTH FRIENDLY FUELS

EAST FORK BIODIESEL, LLC

EAST KANSAS AGRI-ENERGY, LLC

EASTMAN BIO-FUELS

E-BIOFUELS, LLC

ECO ENERGY BIODIESEL, INC.

ECOGY BIOFUELS, LLC

EDENIQ

E-FUELS, INC.

ELKHORN VALLEY ETHANOL, LLC

EMPIRE GREEN BIOFUELS

ENERKEM

ENERGY ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS, INC. (EASI)

ESE ALCOHOL

ETHYLCHEM

EVANS ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGIES

EVER CAT FUELS

EVERGREEN RENEWABLES, LLC

EVONIK INDUSTRIES

FAGEN, INC

TABLE 62 FAGEN ETHANOL PLANTS

TABLE 62 (CONTINUED)

FILTER SPECIALTY, INC.

FIRST UNITED ETHANOL, LLC

FOOTHILLS BIO-ENERGIES, LLC

FREEDOM BIOFUELS, INC.

FREEDOM FUELS, LLC

FRONT RANGE ENERGY, LLC

FUEL BIO HOLDINGS, LLC

FUMPA BIOFUELS

FUTUREFUEL CHEMICAL CO.

GATEWAY ETHANOL, LLC

GEA GROUP

GENERAL BIOMASS

GEOGREEN FUELS, LLC

GEVO

GLACIAL LAKES CORN PROCESSORS/GLACIAL LAKES ENERGY, LLC

GLOBAL ALTERNATIVE FUELS, LLC

GLOBAL ETHANOL

GLOBAL FUELS, LLC

GLOBAL GREEN SOLUTIONS

GOLDEN CHEESE CO. OF CALIFORNIA

GOLDEN GRAIN ENERGY, LLC

GOLDEN TRIANGLE ENERGY COOP, INC. (GTEC)

GRACE DAVISON

GRAIN PROCESSING CORP

GRANITE FALLS ENERGY, LLC

GREAT RIVER SOY PROCESSING, LLC

GREATER OHIO ETHANOL, LLC

GRECYCLE ARIZONA, LLC

GREEN EARTH FUELS, LLC

GREEN FUELS OF OREGON, INC.

GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY, INC.

GREEN STAR PRODUCTS

GREEN VALLEY BIOFUELS, LLC

GREENERBIOENERGY MANUFACTURING CORP.

GREENFIELD ETHANOL

GREENFUEL TECHNOLOGIES CORP.

GREENHUNTER ENERGY

GREENLIGHT BIOFUELS, LLC

GREENLINE INDUSTRIES

GREENSHIFT CORP.

GRIFFIN INDUSTRIES

GRUPO ENERGETICOS

GTL RESOURCES

HARVEST BIOFUELS OF DALLAS

HARVEST ENERGY

HAWKEYE RENEWABLES

HEALY BIODIESEL, INC.

HEARTLAND BIO ENERGY, LLC

HEARTLAND CORN PRODUCTS

HEARTLAND GRAIN FUELS, LP

HERON LAKE BIOENERGY, LLC

HIELSCHER ULTRASONICS GMBH

HIGH PLAINS BIOENERGY

HIGHWATER ETHANOL, LLC

HOMELAND ENERGY SOLUTIONS, LLC

HORIZON BIOFUELS, INC.

HR BIOPETROLEUM

HUISH DETERGENTS, INC.

HUSKER AG, LLC

HUSKY ENERGY, INC.

ICM, INC.

IDAHO ETHANOL PROCESSING, LLC

ILLINI BIOENERGY

ILLINOIS RIVER ENERGY, LLC

IMPERIAL WESTERN PRODUCTS

IMPERIUM RENEWABLES, FORMERLY SEATTLE BIODIESEL, LLC

INCOBRASA INDUSTRIES, LTD.

INDEPENDENCE RENEWABLE ENERGY CORP.

INDIANA BIO-ENERGY, LLC

INDIANA FLEX FUELS, LLC

INEOS ENTERPRISES, LTD

INFINITY BIOENERGY

INNOVATION FUELS, INC.

INTEGRATED GRAIN PROCESSORS CO-OPERATIVE, INC. (IGPC)

INTEGRITY BIOFUELS

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY, INC.

INTREPID TECHNOLOGY & RESOURCE, INC.

INVENTURE CHEMICAL

IOGEN CORP.

IA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

IROQUOIS BIO-ENERGY COMPANY, LLC

JAMAICA BROILERS GROUP

JAMAICA ETHANOL PROCESSING (JEPL)

JATRODIESEL, INC.

JOHANN HALTERMANN, LTD.

KAAPA ETHANOL, LLC

KAI BIOENERGY CORP.

KANSAS ETHANOL, LLC

KATZEN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

KAWARTHA ETHANOL, INC.

KEYSTONE BIOFUELS, INC.

KIEWIT CORP.

KYOTO FUELS CORP.

LAKE ERIE BIOFUELS, LLC

LC BIOFUELS, LLC

LESAFFRE GROUP

LEVELLAND/HOCKLEY COUNTY ETHANOL, LLC

LIFELINE FOODS, LLC

LIGHTNING ENERGY, LTD.

LIGNOL ENERGY CORP.

LINCOLNLAND AGRI-ENERGY, LLC

LINCOLNWAY ENERGY, LLC

LIQUID RESOURCES OF OHIO, LLC

LITTLE SIOUX CORN PROCESSORS, LP

LIVE FUELS, INC.

LOSONOCO

LOUIS DREYFUS COMMODITIES

LS9, INC.

LURGI GMBH

MANILDRA ETHANOL CORP.

MAPLE RIVER ENERGY

MARQUIS ENERGY, LLC

MARYSVILLE ETHANOL, LLC

MASCOMA CORP.

MASON BIODIESEL, LLC

MBP BIOENERGY, LLC

MECS, INC.

MEDUZ GROUP, INC.

MELROSE DAIRY PROTEINS, LLC

MEMPHIS BIOFUELS, LLC

MENOVA ENERGY, INC.

MERRICK/COORS

METHES ENERGIES INTERNATIONAL, LTD.

METRO BIO FUELS

MGP INGREDIENTS, INC.

MICHIGAN BIODIESEL, LLC

MID-AMERICA BIO ENERGY & COMMODITIES

MID-AMERICA BIOFUELS, LLC

MID-ATLANTIC BIODIESEL, LLC

MIDDLE GEORGIA BIOFUELS, INC.

MIDDLETOWN BIOFUELS, LLC

MID-MISSOURI ENERGY, INC.

MIDWEST BIODIESEL PRODUCERS

MIDWEST BIODIESEL PRODUCTS

MIDWEST GRAIN PROCESSORS, LLC

MILAGRO BIOFUELS OF MEMPHIS

MILLIGAN BIO-TECH, INC.

MINNESOTA ENERGY

MINNESOTA SOYBEAN PROCESSORS

MISSOURI BETTER BEAN, LLC

MOMENTUM BIOFUELS, INC.

NATURAL BIODIESEL, INC.

NEBRASKA ENERGY, LLC

NEDAK ETHANOL

NESIKA ENERGY, LLC

NEW ENERGY CORP.

NEW LEAF BIOFUELS, LLC

NEWPORT BIODIESEL, LLC

NEXTDIESEL, LLC

NOIL ENERGY GROUP, INC.

NORAMERA BIOENERGY CORP.

NORTHEAST BIOFUELS, LLC

NORTH AMERICAN BIODIESEL

NORTH AMERICAN BIOFUELS

NORTH COUNTRY ETHANOL, LLC

NORTH MISSISSIPPI BIODIESEL, INC.

NORTH PRAIRIE PRODUCTIONS, LLC

NORTH WEST BIO ENERGY

NORTHEAST NEBRASKA BIODIESEL, LLC

NORTHERN ETHANOL

NORTHERN GROWERS

NORTHINGTON ENERGY

NORTHWEST MISSOURI BIOFUELS

NORTHWEST RENEWABLE, LLC

NORTHWOOD AGRI BIODIESEL

NOVA BIOFUELS CLINTON COUNTY

NOVA BIOSOURCE FUELS, INC.

NOVOZYMES

NU-ENERGIE, LLC

NUOIL, INC.

OK BIODIESEL, INC.

ONE EARTH ENERGY

ORGANIC FUELS, LTD.

ORIGINOIL

OSAGE BIOENERGY

OTTER TAIL AG ENTERPRISES, LLC

OWENSBORO GRAIN BIODIESEL

P.K. BIODIESEL

PACIFIC BIODIESEL

PACIFIC ETHANOL

PACIFIC WEST ENERGY, LLC

PANDA ETHANOL

PARALLEL PRODUCTS

PASEO CARGILL ENERGY, LLC

PATRIOT BIODIESEL, LLC

PATRIOT RENEWABLE FUELS, LLC

PEACH STATE LABS

PENFORD PRODUCTS

PERIHELION GLOBAL, INC.

PERMOLEX INTERNATIONAL

PETER CREMER NORTH AMERICA, LP

PETROALGAE, LLC

PETROJAM

PETROSUN, INC.

PHIBROCHEM

PHILADELPHIA FRY-O-DIESEL, LLC

PIEDMONT BIOFUELS INDUSTRIAL, LLC

PINAL ENERGY, LLC

PINE LAKE CORN PROCESSORS, LP

PINNACLE BIOFUELS, INC.

PLATINUM ETHANOL, LLC

POET BIOREFINING

POUND-MAKER

PRAIRIE HORIZON AGRI-ENERGY, LLC

PRAIRIE PRIDE, INC.

PRIMAFUEL

PRODUCERS CHOICE SOY ENERGY, LLC

PURADA PROCESSING, LLC

PURSUIT DYNAMICS, PLC

QTEROS

RANGE FUELS

RAWHIDE MANAGEMENT

RECO BIODIESEL, LLC

RED TRAIL ENERGY, LLC

REEVE AGRI ENERGY

RENEW ENERGY, LLC

RENEWABLE ENERGY GROUP (REG)

RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTS, LLC

RESONANT BIO SCIENCES, LLC

REVNOVA BIOFUELS, LLC

RIO VALLEY BIOFUELS, LLC

ROHM AND HAAS COMPANY

ROTHSAY BIODIESEL

SAFE RENEWABLES CORP.

SAFER ENERGY

SANIMAX ENERGY BIODIESEL

SAPPHIRE ENERGY

SCOTT PETROLEUM CORP.

SEATTLE BIODIESEL

SEQUENTIAL-PACIFIC BIODIESEL, LLC

SHOW ME ETHANOL, LLC

SIMPLE FUELS BIODIESEL

SIOUX BIOCHEMICAL, INC

SIOUXLAND ENERGY & LIVESTOCK CO-OP

SIOUXLAND ETHANOL, LLC

SMS ENVIROFUELS, INC.

SNC LAVALIN

SOCAL BIODIESEL FUELS, LLC

SOLAZYME

SOLENA GROUP

SOLIX BIOFUELS

SONORA FIELDS S.AP.I DE C.V.

SOUTH TEXAS BLENDING

SOUTHEAST BIODIESEL, LLC

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIOFUEL

SOUTHWEST GEORGIA OIL COMPANY, INC

SOUTHWEST IA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

SOY ENERGY, LLC

SOY SOLUTIONS

SOYMOR BIODIESEL, LLC

STANDARD BIODIESEL

STANDARD ETHANOL CAMBRIDGE, LLC

STEPAN CO.

STERLING ETHANOL, LLC

SUD-CHEMIE AG

SUN POWER BIODIESEL, LLC

SUNCOR

SUNOPTA

SUNSHINE BIOFUELS, LLC

SUNSOIL, LLC

SUPERIOR ETHANOL, LLC

SUSTAINABLE OILS

SWI ENERGY

SYNTEC BIOFUELS

SYNTHETIC GENOMICS

TATE & LYLE, PLC

TELLURIAN BIODIESEL

TERRA BIOENERGY, LLC

TERRA GRAINS FUELS

TETRAVITAE BIOSCIENCE

TEXCOM RESOURCES, INC.

THARALDSON ETHANOL

THE ANDERSONS

THE INDUSTRIAL COMPANY (TIC)

TRENTON AGRI PRODUCTS, LLC

TRIANGLE BIOFUELS INDUSTRIES, INC.

TRI-CITY ENERGY

TRI-STATE BIODIESEL

TULSA BIOFUELS, LLC

TWIN RIVERS TECHNOLOGIES

U.S. BIOFUELS, INC.

U.S. ENERGY PARTNERS, LLC

U.S. WATER SERVICES

UNION COUNTY BIODIESEL CO., LLC

UNITED BIOFUELS, INC.

UNITED ETHANOL, LLC

UNITED OIL CO.

UNITED WISCONSIN GRAIN PRODUCERS, LLC

VALCENT/VERTIGRO ENERGY

VALCO BIOENERGY

VALLEY BIODIESEL

VELOCYS, INC.

VERASUN ENERGY CORP.

VERENIUM CORP.

VIRENT ENERGY SYSTEMS

VIRGINIA BIODIESEL REFINERY

WALSH BIOFUELS, LLC

WESTERN DUBUQUE BIODIESEL

WESTERN IA ENERGY, LLC

WESTERN NEW YORK ENERGY, LLC

WESTERN PLAINS ENERGY, LLC

WESTERN WISCONSIN ENERGY, LLC

WHITE ENERGY

WINBCO

WRR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CO., INC.

WYOMING ETHANOL, LLC

XENERGA

XETHANOL

XL RENEWABLES, INC.

YUMA ETHANOL

ZEACHEM INC.

APPENDIX

TABLE 63 PATENTS RELATED TO LIQUID BIOFUELS

TABLE 63 (CONTINUED)

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LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE VALUE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BIOFUELS MARKET, 2002-2013 ($ BILLIONS)

TABLE 1 ENERGY CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL FUELS

TABLE 2 RELATIVE YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (GAL./ACRE)

TABLE 3 NET ENERGY YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (EROI)

TABLE 4 RELATIVE COSTS OF BIOFUELS FROM VARIOUS FEEDSTOCKS, 2008 ($/BBL., ESTIMATED)

TABLE 5 FEEDSTOCKS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION

TABLE 6 CORN ETHANOL FEEDSTOCK REQUIREMENTS, BY PLANT SIZE

TABLE 7 DOE-SUPPORTED CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PROJECTS

TABLE 8 ESTIMATED CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS, BY ETHANOL PLANT SIZE

TABLE 9 FUTURES PRICES FOR ETHANOL, CORN, NATURAL GAS, AND PROJECTED PRICES FOR DISTILLERS GRAINS, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 10 FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

TABLE 11 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (5 MGY PLANT, BASED ON SOYBEAN COSTS OF $0.22/LB)

TABLE 12 FUTURES PRICES FOR HEATING OIL, SOYBEAN OIL, AND PROJECTED PRICES FOR BIODIESEL, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 13 BIOBUTANOL PROJECTS IN NORTH AMERICA

TABLE 14 HYDROGENATION-DERIVED RENEWABLE DIESEL PROJECTS IN NORTH AMERICA

TABLE 15 PROMISING ALGAE FOR BIODIESEL MANUFACTURE

TABLE 16 COMPANIES DEVELOPING ALGAL BIODIESEL

TABLE 17 U.S. ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2003-2007 (QUADRILLION BTU)

TABLE 18 U.S. MOTOR FUELS CONSUMPTION, 2000-2008 (MGY)

TABLE 19 FEDERAL INCENTIVES FOR PROMOTING BIOFUELS, BY AGENCY

TABLE 20 EISA-MANDATED MINIMUM USE REQUIREMENTS FOR RENEWABLE FUELS, 2006-2022

TABLE 21 AGENCIES AND ASSOCIATIONS DRIVING THE U.S. BIOFUELS INDUSTRY

TABLE 22 U.S. ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (BILLION GALLONS)

TABLE 23 PRODUCING U.S ETHANOL PLANTS, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 24 NONPRODUCING U.S ETHANOL PLANTS, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 25 U.S. ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 26 EXISITING U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NONPRODUCING, AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY STATE, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 27 U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NONPRODUCING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 28 SHARE OF U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY, EXISITING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 29 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PROJECTS

TABLE 30 U.S. FUEL ETHANOL IMPORTS, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2007 (MILLION GAL.)

TABLE 31 U.S. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (MILLION GAL.)

TABLE 32 PRODUCING U.S. BIODIESEL PLANTS, OCTOBER 3, 2008

TABLE 33 U.S. BIODIESEL PLANTS NOT PRODUCING, OCTOBER 3, 2008

TABLE 34 U.S. BIODIESEL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 35 BIODIESEL CAPACITY BY STATE, EXISTING PLANTS (PRODUCING AND NONPRODUCING) AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 36 U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NONPRODUCING, AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY FEEDSTOCK

TABLE 37 SHARE OF U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY, EXISITING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JANUARY 2009

TABLE 38 VALUE OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR BIOFUELS BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 39 FEDERAL PROGRAMS SUPPORTING CANADA’S BIOFUELS INDUSTRY

TABLE 40 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MGY)

TABLE 41 PRODUCING CANADIAN ETHANOL PLANTS

TABLE 42 CANADIAN ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 43 CANADIAN ETHANOL CAPACITY BY PROVINCE, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 44 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (MGY)

TABLE 45 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS, AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

TABLE 46 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MPG)

TABLE 47 PRODUCING CANADIAN BIODIESEL PLANTS, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 48 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008

TABLE 49 CANADIAN BIODIESEL CAPACITY, BY PROVINCE (MGY, PERCENT OF TOTAL)

TABLE 50 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

TABLE 51 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

TABLE 52 VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS IN CANADA, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 53 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN MEXICO

TABLE 54 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

TABLE 55 ETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008

TABLE 56 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

TABLE 57 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN BY FEEDSTOCK

TABLE 58 VALUE OF THE BIOFUEL MARKET IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 59 PATENTS BY APPLICATION

TABLE 60 PATENTS BY COMPANY

TABLE 61 DELTA-T ETHANOL PLANTS

TABLE 62 FAGEN ETHANOL PLANTS

TABLE 63 PATENTS RELATED TO LIQUID BIOFUELS

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MARKET BY BIOFUEL TYPE, 2002-2013 ($ BILLIONS)

FIGURE 1 WORLD ENERGY MATRIX

FIGURE 2 THERMAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICALS ROUTES TO BIOFUELS PRODUCTION

FIGURE 3 THE HOLISTIC ETHANOL FACILITY

FIGURE 4 RELATIVE YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (GAL./ACRE)

FIGURE 5 NET ENERGY YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (EROI)

FIGURE 6 RELATIVE COSTS OF BIOFUELS FROM VARIOUS FEEDSTOCKS, 2008 ($/BBL., ESTIMATED)

FIGURE 7 ESTIMATED FUTURE POTENTIAL U.S. BIOMASS RESOURCE BASE FOR FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION (%)

FIGURE 8 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

FIGURE 9 ETHANOL OPERATING MARGINS BASED ON FUTURES PRICES (JANUARY 2009)

FIGURE 10 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (5 MGY PLANT, BASED ON SOYBEAN COSTS OF $0.22/LB.) (%)

FIGURE 11 BIODIESEL OPERATING MARGINS BASED ON FUTURES PRICES (JANUARY 2009)

FIGURE 12 U.S. BIOFUELS COMSUMPTION, 2005-2007, AND PROJECTIONS TO 2029

FIGURE 13 U.S. MOTOR FUELS CONSUMPTION, 2000-2008 (MGY)

FIGURE 14 U.S. ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (BILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 15 U.S. ETHANOL PLANT MAP, OPERATING OR UNDER CONSTRUTION, 2008

FIGURE 16 EXISTING U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCING, NON-PRODUCING, AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY STATE, JANUARY 2009 (MGY)

FIGURE 17 U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY (PRODUCNG, NONPRODUCING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION), BY FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 2009 (%)

FIGURE 18 SHARE OF U.S. ETHANOL CAPACITY, EXISITING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JANUARY 2009 (%)

FIGURE 19 U.S. ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, BY STATE, 2005 (THOUSAND BARRELS)

FIGURE 20 U.S. CORN USE: DOMESTIC, EXPORTS, ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 1960-2015 (BILLION BUSHELS)

FIGURE 21 U.S. FUEL ETHANOL IMPORTS, BY COUNTRY (MILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 22 U.S. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 1999-2008 (MILLION GAL.)

FIGURE 23 U.S. BIODIESEL PLANT MAP, OPERATING OR UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008

FIGURE 24 BIODIESEL CAPACITY BY STATE, EXISTING PLANTS (PRODUCING AND NONPRODUCING) AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008 (MGY)

FIGURE 25 U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY, BY FEEDSTOCK (%)

FIGURE 26 SHARE OF U.S. BIODIESEL CAPACITY, EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, BY PRODUCER, JAUARY 2009 (%)

FIGURE 27 VALUE OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR BIOFUELS BY FUEL TYPE, 2002-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 28 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MGY)

FIGURE 29 CANADIAN ETHANOL CAPACITY BY PROVINCE, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OCTOBER 2008 (MPG)

FIGURE 30 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTNG PLANTS AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 31 CANADIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS, AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 32 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 2002-2008 (MGY)

FIGURE 33 CANADIAN BIODIESEL CAPACITY, BY PROVINCE (MGY)

FIGURE 34 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 35 CANADIAN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COMPANY, EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 36 VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR BIOFUELS IN CANADA, 2002-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 37 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 38 ETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (%)

FIGURE 39 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY COUNTRY, 2002-2008 (MILLION GALLONS)

FIGURE 40 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN BY FEEDSTOCK (%)

FIGURE 41 VALUE OF THE BIOFUEL MARKET IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN, BY FUEL TYPE, 2002-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE42 PATENTS BY APPLICATION (%)

FIGURE 43 PATENTS BY COMPANY (%)

Abstract

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