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PAREXEL's Bio/Pharmaceutical R&D Statistical Sourcebook 2008/2009

Published by: Barnett Educational Services

Published: Jun. 1, 2008 - 400 Pages


Table of Contents



Section 1: R&D Spending

Pharmaceuticals

Trends in Worldwide Pharma and Biotech R&D Expenditures, 2002-2012P (EvaluatePharma)

Global R&D Spending by World’s Top 400 Pharma and Biotech Companies 2002-2012 (EvaluatePharma)

R&D Spending by Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies, 1980-2007

R&D Investments by Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies, 1975-2007

Industry-wide and Government R&D Spending, 1980-2007

Biopharmaceutical Industry Investment in Research and Development, 1980-2007

Biopharmaceutical R&D Expenditure and NIH Budget: 1995-2007

Booz Allen Hamilton Study on R&D Spending

Analysis of Top 20 Companies by 2007 Pharma R&D Spend (EvaluatePharma)

Top 20 Companies by Pharma R&D Spend in 2007 (EvaluatePharma)

Top 20 Companies by Pharma R&D Spend as a % of Pharmaceutical Revenues (EvaluatePharma)

Top 20: Average R&D Spend per Late-Stage Project (EvaluatePharma)

Total PhRMA R&D as a Percent of Sales, 1985-2007

Domestic U.S. R&D and R&D Abroad, 1985-2007

Domestic U.S. Sales and Sales Abroad, 1985-2007

Growth in Domestic U.S. R&D and R&D Abroad, 1970-2007

R&D Spending at Top 50 Pharmaceutical Companies in 2007

Productivity as Measured by R&D Spending per NME Approval “Deeply Flawed”

Various Measures of New Drug/Biologic R&D Productivity

Industry R&D Spending per NDA Submission in the U.S., 1993-2007

Industry R&D Spending per NDA Approval in U.S, 1996-2007

Industry R&D Spending per NME Submission to FDA, 1995-2007

Industry R&D Spending per NME Approved in the U.S., 1995-2007

Global R&D Spending per Global New Active Substance (NAS) Launch, 1995-2007

Comparative R&D Spending, Sales, and Product Launch Trends Worldwide: A 2008 Analysis

Breakdown of World Pharma Market—2007 Sales

Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure Annual Growth Rate, US vs. Europe, 1993-2007

Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure in Europe, the United States, and Japan, 1990-2007

Opening and Closing of Research Sites in Europe, US, and Asia, 2001-2006

Number of Compounds in Development by Country/Region: U.S., Europe, Japan, and Rest of World

U.S., European, Canadian, Japanese and Australian Biotech: Global Activity Measures, 2007

An Analysis of Pharma and Biotech Industry R&D Spending Growth Through 2008

Pharma R&D Spending, 2003-2008: Trailing 12-Month R&D Spending by Top Pharma and Biotech Companies

Pharma M&A Activity in 2007

R&D Spending by Geographic Area, Ethical Pharmaceuticals, PhRMA Member Companies, 2006

Domestic U.S. Scientific, Professional, and Technical R&D Personnel by R&D Function,

Ethical Pharmaceuticals, 2006

Domestic R&D by Function, Ethical Pharmaceuticals, PhRMA Member Companies, 2006

Domestic R&D and R&D Abroad for Human-Use and Veterinary-Use Pharmaceuticals,

PhRMA Member Companies, 2006

Domestic R&D by Origin of Product (Licensed-in vs. Self-originated), PhRMA Member Companies, 2006

Phase 4 Postmarketing Research to Top $12 Billion in 2007—Cutting Edge

U.S. Government (NIH) Funding for Medical/Clinical Research, 1995-2008

NIH Appropriations, 1995-2009P

NIH Clinical Research and Clinical Trials Spending, 2003-2009P

Estimates of Funding for Selected Diseases, Conditions, and Research Areas, 2004-2008E

Growth in Domestic U.S. Sales and Sales Abroad, Ethical Pharmaceuticals, 1970-2007

Sales by Geographic Area, Ethical Pharmaceuticals, PhRMA Member Companies, 2006

A New Look at the Global Pharmaceutical Market: North America Sets Pace in 2007 Pharma Sales

Global Pharma Sales, 1999-2007

Global Pharmaceutical Sales in 2007 by Region

Leading Therapy Classes in 2007 Global Pharma Sales

Global Pharma Sales in 2007—Leading Products

Pharma Market Growth in Five Key Regions, 2008

Contribution to Drug Market by Age of Drug

Percentage Contribution to the Overall Market by Age of Drug, 2001-2011E

Top 20 Companies by Worldwide Prescription Drugs Sales in 2006/2007 (EvaluatePharma)

An Analysis of Worldwide Prescription and OTC Sales by Technology (2002-2012):

Biotech vs. Conventional Technology (EvaluatePharma)

Worldwide Prescription & OTC Sales by Technology, 2002-2012 (EvaluatePharma)

Top 100 Drug Sales by Technology, 2007-2012 (EvaluatePharma)

Two in Ten New Drugs Recoup Costs—New Study (EvaluatePharma)

An Analysis of the Sales Potential of New Drugs Approved in 2006 and 2007 (EvaluatePharma)

FDA Approval Count vs. 5th Year after Launch US Product Sales (EvaluatePharma)

Top 10 New Molecular Entities in 2007: Ranked on US Consensus Sales in 2012 (EvaluatePharma)

Top 10 New Molecular Entities in 2006: Ranked on US Consensus Sales in 2011 (EvaluatePharma)

Few Drug Launches Vastly Successful—IMS Health

Biologic Drugs/Vaccine Sales to 2011E

The Future Pharma R&D Model: The New PharmaCo Threat

An Analysis of the U.S. Pharma Market: U.S. Prescription Drug Sales in 2007

Annual Growth Rate of U.S. Prescription Pharmaceutical Market, 1994-2012P

Top 10 Therapeutic Classes by U.S. Prescription Sales, 2007

Top 10 U.S. Prescription Products by Sales, 2007

Top 10 Pharma Companies by U.S. Prescription Sales, 2007

Your Own Lab—Oh, and a Home Mortgage

Want To Help Reduce Healthcare Costs? Then Smoke and Overeat!

Pharma Behind Networking and Mining/Oil Production Among Most Profitable U.S. Industries

Global and US Sales Growth of Branded Drugs by Therapeutic Category, 2004-2011E

Global Drug Sales and Growth Forecasts in Major Therapeutic Areas: 2004-2011E

US Sales and Growth Forecasts—Major Therapeutic Areas, 2004-2011E

Therapeutic Categories: Drug Sales as a Percentage of Worldwide Market, 2007 vs. 2012P

Pharma Companies: Drug Sales as Percentage of Worldwide Market, 2007 vs. 2012P

The Future of Pharma: Adjusting the Pharma R&D Model

An Opportunity Map for Pharma R&D

Large Rx Players Competing for the Same Real Estate

Assessing Patent Risk: Industry and Company-specific Exposure to Generics, 2006-2011E

Percentage of US Market Over Time at Risk of Loss Through Patent Expiries, 2000-2013E

Pharma Sales in 2007E at Risk of Generic Competition in 2008-2012E as a Percentage of Pharma Sales at 13 Large Pharma Companies

Biomarker Market to $12.8bn by 2012

U.S. Generic Drug Market Outlook to 2012

2007 U.S. Sales of Drugs Losing Patent Protection, 2008-2012

Percent Sales Vulnerable to Patent Expirations Through 2012: Selected Leading Companies

Prescription Drugs Represent 10% of Health Care Dollar Spent—CMS Analysis

U.S. Disease Foundation Investment in Biopharma R&D Rises

New Global Pharma Outsourcing Market Model to 2011

CRO Market Opportunity, 2006E-2011E

CRO Market Opportunity by Stage

The Goldman Sachs Global R&D Outsourcing Model

A May 2008 Update to the Goldman Sachs Global R&D Outsourcing Model

EDC Spending to Top $500 Million in 2009—Health Industry Insights

The CRO Contribution to Drug Development: A 2005 Assessment

Global Spending on Development and Clinical Outsourcing Services, 2001-2004

Global Clinical Research Personnel, Pharma Companies vs. CROs, 2001-2004

Clinical Study Activity Managed Worldwide by Major CROs, 2001-2004

Days That Actual Submission Exceeded Projected Submission Data, Low vs. High CRO Usage Projects

Mean Time to Four Pivotal Clinical Trial Milestones, Low vs. High CRO Usage Projects

A Measure of Quality: Case Report Form Queries/Page Screen

Percentage of Development Budget Outsourced, As Average by Phase Across Therapeutic Areas

Percentage of Clinical Development Budget Outsourced, as Average Across Therapeutic Areas (by Phase, US)

Sources of Clinical Trial Funding, 2001-2007P

Breakdown of Government vs. Industry-Sponsored Clinical Trials

Biopharmaceuticals

Top 100 Biotech Companies by 2007 R&D Spending

R&D Spending at Selected Leading Biotechnology Companies, 2007A-2012E

Biotech Industry Benchmarks from E&Y

Biotech R&D Spending to 2009E

Annual Biotechnology R&D Spending, 2004-2009E

Biologics and Biotech R&D: An Analysis of PhRMA Member Companies, 2006

Biologics and Biotechnology R&D, PhRMA Member Companies, 2006

mAb Sales Growth to Dwarf Small Molecules

Financial Markets Continue to Fuel Biotech’s R&D Efforts

Total Equity Raised by Biotech, 1995-2007

Does Biotech Have the Pharma Flu?

An Analysis of Global Biologics/Biotech Market: Worldwide Sales for Top Products and Top Product Classes in 2007

Top-Selling Categories of Biologic Products, 2007

Growth Rates of Top-Selling Classes of Biological Products, 2007

Top 20 Selling Biologic Products Worldwide, 2007

Section 2: Products in Development

Pharmaceuticals

Worldwide Drugs in the Pipeline by Therapeutic Category as of January 2008 (IMS Health)

Top 50 Drug Companies by Number of Drug Products in Development as of January 2008 (IMS Health)

Top 50 Drug Companies by Number of Drug Products in Development as of March 2008 (Pharmaprojects)

A Snapshot of the Pharma R&D Pipeline, Number of Projects by Development Phase, 1998-2008

Worldwide Active R&D Projects in Development by Stage, 1998-2008

The R&D Pipeline, 1998-2008

An Analysis of the Drug and Biotech Pipeline by Development Phase, Technology, Therapeutic Category, and Strategy (EvaluatePharma)

R&D Project Count by Current Phase (EvaluatePharma)

R&D Project Count by Technology (EvaluatePharma)

R&D Project Count by Therapy Area (EvaluatePharma)

R&D Project Count by Strategy, Organic, Licensed (EvaluatePharma)

Pipeline Expansion Accelerates

Drugs in Active Development, 1995-2008

Drug Development by World Status, 1995-2008

A 2008 Analysis of the Mid- and Late-Stage R&D Pipeline: Size, Developer Type, Indications, and Success Rates

Number of Drugs in Phase 2-Pre-Registration by Developer Type

Number of Indications per Drug in Phase 2-Pre-Registration by Developer Type for Select Years

Likelihood of Approval by Phase for Large Company Products

Likelihood of Approval by Phase for Small Company/Institution Products

Wall Street No Longer Impressed by Pipeline

Top 20 Most Valuable R&D Projects (Ranked by Net Present Value)

Biotechs Responsible for 65% of Recent FDA New Drug Approvals—New Study

Valuing Company R&D Pipelines based on NPV Analysis: Top R&D Spenders

Valuing the R&D Pipeline based on NPV Analysis

Measures of Pharma Industry’s New Drug Output: NME/NAS Submissions to FDA and EMEA, 1995-2007

Annual Number of Marketing Applications for New Molecular Entities/New Active Substances Filed With the FDA and EMEA, 1995-2007

Active Clinical Drug Development Programs Worldwide by Phase, April 2008

Number of Active Clinical Development Programs, 2008

Total Average Number of Active Programs by Year, March 2002-April 2008

Comparison of Annual Growth Rate—2006 vs. 2007 vs. 2008

An Analysis of New US Clinical Trial Starts for Drugs as Measured by Commercial IND Submissions to FDA, 2007

New US Clinical Trial Starts for Drugs and Biologics/Biotechs, 1998-2007

Breakdown of CDER Divisional Workload by INDs Received in 2007

Segmentation of US Clinical Trial Starts for Drugs by Therapeutic Category, 2006 and 2007

Global New Active Substance Product Launches, 2007

An Analysis of U.S.-based Clinical Trial Activity for Drugs as Measured by Active INDs at Year-End 2007

Breakdown of CDER Drug Divisions’ IND Review Workload (Active as of Year-End 2007)

Segmentation of US Clinical Trials for Drugs by Therapeutic Category, 2007

Top Therapeutic Categories by Number of Projects in Development as of March 2008 (Pharmaprojects)

Number of Drugs in Preclinical Testing, 1995-2008 (Pharmaprojects)

Top Therapeutic Drug Categories Worldwide by Number of Projects in Development as of January 2008

Drug R&D Projects: Top Ten Areas of Research, 2007

The Late-Stage Pipeline: A 2008 Assessment

New Molecular Entities in Development at Major Pharmaceutical Organizations, 2004 vs. 2006 vs. 2007

U.S. Clinical Development Pipeline by Phase, 1997-2007

Did the Molecular Bulge Begin Shifting in Late 2007?

New Compounds in Various Stages of Development, Indexed, 1995-2007

New Compounds in Pharmaceutical Development, January 2005-October 2007

Proportion of Top Pharma and Biotech Company Pipelines In-Licensed: A 2008 Assessment

Leading Pharma Companies by Pipeline Size: Percent of Pipelines In-Licensed

Selected Leading Biotech Companies by Pipeline Size: Percent of Pipelines In-Licensed

Number of Companies in Pharma R&D on Rise, 1997-2007

The R&D Pipeline for Antibody-Derived Therapies, 2006-2012

The Future Pharma R&D Model: The NewPharmaCo Threat

The Pipeline and the New Realities of Drug Development

Pharma/Biotech Dealmaking: A 2008 Analysis

Increasing Cost of In-Licensing

Up-Front Payments Stable in Relative Terms, 2003-2007

Deals by Therapy Area, 2007

Early-Stage Discovery Deals by Therapy Area, 2007

Deals Signed by Stage of Development, 2007

Dealmaking Trends: Can Prices Continue to Grow?

Stingy Public Markets, 2005-2007

Average Acquisition Values are Rising, 2000-2007

Acquisitions of Recently Public Companies: Valuable….but Rare

Buying Discovery, 2000-2007

Phase II Deal Numbers and Values Increase

Up-Fronts for Phase III/NDA-Stage Compounds Grow Slightly in 2007

Pharma and Biotech Company Pipelines: An Assessment of “Replacement Power,” 2007

Large Pharma Replacement Power: 13 Major Companies

Large Biotech Replacement Power: 7 Major Companies

An Assessment of Pharma Industry Pipelines: Anticipated Launches to 2011e

Industry Summary: Launches, Peak Sales, and NPV by Year

Launch Expectations Over Time: Comparison of Lehman’s 2004-2007 Estimates

Number of Drugs by Phase of Development, 2002-2007

Breakdown of R&D Portfolio by Size

New Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines Entering Clinical Study, 1993-2006

Composition of New Cancer Therapeutics, 1990 and 2006

Number of Annual New Drug Launches Projected for 62 Selected Companies in Lehman Universe, 2001-2011e

The Pharmaceutical Pipeline: A December 2007 Analysis

Compounded Growth by Stage of Development, 1999-2007

Compounded Growth by Therapeutic Category: May 1995-November 2007

Preclinical Compounds in Development, May 1998-November 2007

Phase 1 Compounds in Development, May 1998-November 2007

Phase 2/3 Compounds in Development, May 1998-November 2007

Phase 3b/4 Compounds in Development, May 1998-November 2007

An Assessment of Oncology Market and Pipeline

Novartis Looks to Build on New Growth Cycle in Pharmaceuticals in 2008

Novartis vs. Leading Pharmas, Number of 2007 Drug Approvals and Success Rates, 2000-2007

The Novartis Clinical Pipeline

Novartis Clinical Pipeline by Phase and Therapeutic Area, September 2007

The DELPHI Model

Tufts CSDD Study on the Value of Follow-on Drugs and Indications

Roche Moves Ahead to Further Expand Innovation Capacity and Personalized Medicine Focus

The Roche R&D Model: Previous vs. New Model

The Roche Pipeline, 2007 vs. 2006

Roche’s Clinical Development Pipeline by Therapeutic Area, February 2008

More than 2,700 Drugs in US Clinical Development

Finding Biomarkers as Difficult as Finding New Drugs—Roche’s Humer

Merck Updates Its “Plan to Win” and New Operating Model

Merck R&D Pipeline, 2002 vs. 2006 vs. 2008

Key Clinical Study Cycle Time Intervals: Merck vs. Peers

FDA Clears First Molecular Test to Profile Genetic Activity

Genetic Tests Could Accompany One in Five R&D Drugs Within Next Decade—Medco

AstraZeneca Reports Progress on Strategy to Strengthen its R&D Pipeline

AstraZeneca Candidates Entering Development, 2002-2007

AstraZeneca First-time-in Man Projects, 2002-2007

The AstraZeneca Pipeline, 2004-2007

AstraZeneca Delivers Early Portfolio Faster, 2006-2010 Target

AstraZeneca’s New Productivity Targets for MedImmune

Pfizer Acclerates and Refocuses Its Pipeline

The Pfizer R&D Pipeline

Pfizer Projections on Rebuilding the Phase 3 Portfolio

Pfizer’s Biotherapeutics R&D Pipeline, 2008

Phase 2 and 3 Success Rates: Pfizer vs. Industry

Pfizer’s Phase 3 Success Rates, 2005-2007

Clinical Study Timelines: Pfizer, Industry-wide Medians, Best-in-Class Performance

Lilly Unveils Transformation Plan to Focus on Personalized Medicine

Prasugrel: Tailoring by Patient Characteristics

Lilly: From FIPCO to FIPNET

Lilly’s New Drug Launch Goals, 2008-2014

Lilly NMEs in Clinical Development, 2000-2011

Lilly’s Clinical Portfolio, Year-end 2007

GSK Highlights R&D Pipeline and CEDDs Model, Looks to Biopharm and Asia

GSK vs. 11 Other Leading Pharmas, Mid- to Late-Stage Pipeline

The GSK Clinical Pipeline

GSK Tops Lehman Brothers Pharma Replacement Power Rankings

Bristol-Myers Squibb: Evolving to the “Next Generation BioPharma Model”

BMS Disease Areas and Unmet Medical Need

US NME Approvals by Review Status: BMS vs. Leading Companies

BMS vs. Industry Trends: Pharma R&D Spend and NME Approvals

Incremental R&D: A 2004 Study

Share of Follow-on Drugs Reaching R&D Milestones at Time of First-in-Class Approval

Share of Follow-on Drugs Reaching Clinical Milestones Prior to First-in-Class Reaching Same Milestone

Effective Market Exclusivity for First-in-Class Drugs, 1970s-1998

The Effect of Follow-on Approvals on Drug Prices

FDA Therapeutic Ratings for Follow-on Drugs

PhRMA’s Medicines in Clinical Development Series

Analysis of Drugs in Clinical Development for Cancer by Development Status and Indication, 2008

Analysis of Drugs in Development for Neurological Disorders by Development Status and Indication, 2008

Analysis of Drugs in Development to Treat Rare Illnesses, 2007

Analysis of Drugs in U.S. Clinical Development to Treat Mental Illnesses, 2006

Analysis of Drugs in U.S. Development for Heart Disease and Stroke, 2007

Analysis of Drugs in U.S. Clinical Development for Diseases of Aging, 2005

Analysis of Drugs in U.S. Development for AIDS and AIDS-Related Illnesses, 2007

Analysis of Drugs in U.S. Clinical Development to Treat Pediatric Illnesses, 2007

Analysis of Drugs in U.S. Clinical Development for Women by Development Status and Indication, 2007

Analysis of Drugs and Vaccines in U.S. Clinical Development for Infectious Diseases, 2007

Embryonic Stem Cells to Enter Clinical Trials in 2008?

Leading Pharmaceutical Company R&D Profiles

GlaxoSmithKline

Pfizer

Schering-Plough

Biogen Idec

Astellas

Bristol-Myers Squibb

Roche

Johnson & Johnson

Merck

Abbott

AstraZeneca

Bayer Schering Pharma

Eli Lilly

Amgen

Wyeth

Novartis

Sanofi-Aventis

Development Pipelines of Selected Leading Drug Companies: Number of Products by Stage of Development, March 2008

Large and Small/Mid-Tier Pharmas Relying on Each Other for Growth

Origin of New US Drug Approvals, 2000-2006

New Drug Clinical Trial Starts Surge at Top 10 Companies in 2003-2005 Period

AIDS Vaccine R&D Setback

FDA Reviewers Being Pressured into Approval Indecision—Vasella and Hassan

International Patenting of Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, 2004-2006: Top Innovators

Ranking of Top 30 Pharma/Biotech Patentees, 2006

Innovating Beyond Pharma’s Patent “Black Hole”

Industry “Black Hole”: 28% of Aggregated Revenues Threatened by 2010+

Bristol-Myers Squibb Innovation Plot

Schering-Plough Innovation Plot

Eli Lilly Innovation Plot

Merck Innovation Plot

Wyeth Innovation Plot

Pfizer Innovation Plot

Biopharmaceuticals

Number of Biotechnology R&D Projects by Therapeutic Area, 2007

Biotech Company Development Pipelines: Number of Development Projects by Phase of Development, March 2008

Biotech Filling Pharma’s Pipeline Gaps, But With Blockbusters?

An Assessment of the Biotech Pipeline

Cumulative Number of Biotech Products Approved by FDA, 1993-2007

Biotechnology Pipeline: Number of Products in Clinical Trials and Late-Stage Trials

Biological Drugs: A Study of Additional Indications Approved Postlaunch in the US

Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics, and Now Epigenetics

Vaccines Entering Clinical Development Rise Only Modestly in 1990-2005

Number of Anti-Infective Vaccines Entering Clinical Study, 1990-2004

Target Organism Types for Vaccines Studied, 1990-2005

Number of Vaccines in Clinical Trials by Phase of Development

Clinical Phase Transition Probabilities for Vaccines Entering Clinical Study, 1990-2005

Development Project Pipelines for 19 Selected Leading Biotech Companies by Therapeutic Categories, March 2008

Section 3: Drug Development Costs/Complexity, Development Time, and Success Rates

Costs/Complexity

Recent Estimates of the Cost of Developing New Drugs, 2008

Measures of Clinical Trial Costs and Complexity, 2005-2007 (TTC)

Mean Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials, 2005-2007

Clinical Trial Complexity by Trial Phase, 2005-2007

Mean Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area, 2005-2007

Clinical Study Complexity by Therapeutic Area, Phase I-IV, 2005-2007

Measures of Clinical Trial Costs, 2005-2007 (TTC)

Index of Mean Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Clinical Phase, 2005-2007

Index of Mean Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Country/Region

Index of Mean Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area, 2005-2007, Phase I-IV

Mean Site Fees per Clinical Study by Phase, 2005-2007

Index of Mean Cost per Patient by Oncology Disease Group, 2005-2007

Indices of US Clinical Trial Costs per Patient, 2005-2007 (TTC)

Index of Mean Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Clinical Phase, US, 2005-2007

Index of Mean Phase I Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area, US, 2005-2007

Index of Mean Phase II Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area, US, 2005-2007

Index of Mean Phase III Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area, US, 2005-2007

Index of Mean Phase IV Cost per Patient in Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area, US, 2005-2007

Measures of Clinical Study Complexity, 2005-2007 (TTC)

Index of Clinical Study Complexity by Trial Phase, Worldwide, 2005-2007

Index of Clinical Study Complexity, US vs. Western Europe, Phase I-IV, 2005-2007

Index of Clinical Study Complexity by Year, Phase I-IV, Worldwide, 2005-2007

Index of Clinical Study Complexity by Therapeutic Area, Phase I-IV, Worldwide, 2005-2007

Mean Number of Unique Procedures per Patient by Phase, 2005-2007

Biomedical Research and Development Price Index, 1980-2013

Selected Health Care Inflation Data, 1998-2007

New Drug Development Spending and Costs: A 2008 Analysis

R&D Expenses Regressions

R&D Expenses by Therapy Area for All Phases

Avandia, Vytorin, and Surrogate Endpoints

An Analysis of Site Performance within a Clinical Study and its Effect on Cost

Sample Hypercholesterolemia Study

Average Across Multiple Sites (enrollments/referrals)

Average Across Multiple Sites (cost)

Lilly Moves Relationships with Successful Sites to the Next Level

The Effects of Growing Clinical Trial Protocol Complexity: A 2008 Analysis

Change in Procedures per Protocol, 1995-2005

Change in Protocol Eligibility Criteria, 1999-02 vs. 2003-06

Investigative Site Work Burden per Protocol, 1999-2005

Protocol Design Impact on Study Conduct Cycle Times

Protocol Design Impact on Patient Recruitment and Retention Rates, 1999-02 vs. 2003-06

Percent Change in Grant Dollars per Protocol Procedure, 1999-2005

Study-Related Burdens vs. Compensation for Clinical Trial Sites, 2000-2005

An Analysis of Ways to Reduce Central Recruitment Costs

Probability of Randomizing Relative Average

Price Per Randomized for an Average Study by Recruitment Timeline

Price per Randomized for an Average Study by FOV Rate

US Clinical Site Profitability: A 2007 Assessment

Average Site Expenditures, 2004 vs. 2007

EDC Adoption in Clinical Trials: A 2008 Analysis

The FDA Amendments Act of 2007: An Analysis of Possible Effects on Phase 4 Clinical Trials and the CRO Market Opportunity

Lehman Analysis of Drug Approval and Post-marketing Commitment Trends, 1990-2006

Increase in PMCs Driven by More Conditional Approvals, 1997-2006

Lehman Analysis of Post-marketing Commitment Protocols, 2004-2007

Segmentation of US Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area (TTC)

Industry Postmarketing Study Commitments: A 2007 Study

New Molecular Entity and Biologics Approvals with Commitments to Conduct Postmarketing Studies

Completion Times of Delayed Postmarketing Studies

Comparative Times to Complete Clinical vs. Nonclinical Postmarketing Studies

Comparative Cost to Complete Clinical vs. Nonclinical Postmarketing Studies

Where Today’s Clinical Trials Are Being Conducted: A Study of New FDA-Regulated Studies in 2007

Number of Investigators Signing 1572s Annually for FDA-Regulated Clinical Trials, 1995-2007

Number of Investigators Signing 1572s in Selected Countries: Year-over-Year Percentage Increase/Decrease

Number of Investigators Completing 1572s to Participate in FDA-Regulated Clinical Studies by Country in 2007

Location of FDA International (ex-US) Clinical Investigator Inspections, 2007

Active Clinical Trials by Phase and Country/Region: A 2008 Analysis

Clinical Studies Openly Recruiting by Phase and Region

Number of Clinical Trials Initiated Annually for U.S. Submissions: FDA Estimates

Analysis of Paying Clinical Study Subjects

Average Payment to Research Subjects by Phase

Clinical Trials Move Abroad: Chasing Patients

Global Patient Recruitment (Patients Enrolled per Site): Five Regions Compared

Geographic Locale of Active Clinical Investigators, 1997-2007E

The Globalization of Clinical Trials: Number of Recruiting Studies by Country

Recruiting Clinical Studies by Region: Percent of Recruiting Studies

Clinical Studies by Country: Number of Recruiting Studies, 2007

Speed of Patient Recuitment: A Ten-Country Comparison

Clinical Trial Cost-Competitiveness: India, China, and Africa vs. US/Europe

Patient Recruitment Metrics at Pfizer

Demographics of Clinical Trial Populations: A Look at NIH Trials, 2007

Aggregate Enrollment Data for All Extramural and Intramural Research Protocols in FY2006 by Race and Gender

Aggregate Enrollment Numbers for All Extramural and Intramural Research Protocols Reported in FY2006, by Ethnicity . .

Emerging Clinical Trial Enrollment Benchmarks: Trial Size Statistics for New Drugs Approved in 2007

Key Clinical Trial Enrollment Statistics for NMEs Approved in 2000-2007

Clinical Trial Enrollments for Selected NMEs Approved in 2007

Emerging Clinical Trial Enrollment Benchmarks: Trial Size Statistics for New Drugs Approved in 2006

Key Clinical Trial Enrollment Statistics for NMEs Approved in 2000-2006

Clinical Trial Enrollments for Selected NMEs Approved in 2006

Emerging Clinical Trial Enrollment Benchmarks: Trial Size Statistics for New Drugs Approved in 2005

Key Clinical Trial Enrollment Statistics for NMEs Approved in 2000-2005

Clinical Trial Enrollments for Selected NMEs Approved in 2005

Emerging Clinical Trial Enrollment Benchmarks: Trial Size Statistics for New Drugs Approved in 2004

Key Clinical Trial Enrollment Statistics for NMEs Approved in 1999-2004

Clinical Trial Enrollments for Selected NMEs Approved in 2004

Emerging Clinical Trial Enrollment Benchmarks: Trial Size Statistics for New Drugs Approved in 2003

Key Clinical Trial Enrollment Statistics for NMEs Approved in 1999-2003

Clinical Trial Enrollments for Selected NMEs Approved in 2003

Emerging Clinical Trial Enrollment Benchmarks: Trial Size Statistics for New Drugs Approved in 2002

Key Clinical Trial Enrollment Statistics for NMEs Approved in 1998-2002

Clinical Trial Enrollments for Selected NMEs Approved in 2002

A 2007 Assessment of the Clinical Trial Experience: Volunteer Experiences, Study Enrollment,

Consent Form Comprehension, and Study Dropout Rates

Would You Participate in a Clinical Trial Again?

Type of Support Received by Study Volunteers, 2006 vs. 2007

How Did you First Contact the Study Center?

Who Reviewed the Informed Consent Form With You?

Emerging Markets Not a Solution to Rising R&D Costs—Vasella

US Clinical Trial Sites Rate Sponsors: A 2007 Assessment

Highest Frequency as a Top 3 Rated Sponsor Across 29 Relationship Attributes

General Project Management Attributes

Quality of the Study Initiation Process

Quality of Ongoing Study Support

Quality of the Grant Payment Process

The Case for New Drugs and Better Predictive Biomarkers

A 2007 Assessment of the Site Management Organization Space

Number of SMOs Worldwide

Assessing the Cost to Develop a New Biotech Product

Pre-Approval Cash Outlays and Time Costs per Approved New Biopharmaceutical

Pre-Approval Cash Outlays per Approved New Molecule

Pre-Approval Capitalized Cost per Approved New Molecule: Biotech vs. Pharma

Capitalized Preclinical and Clinical Period Costs per Investigational Biopharmaceutical Compound

Medical Imaging Emerges in Clinical Trials: A 2007 Assessment

Size of the Medical Imaging Market, 2004-2009

The Medical Imaging Market: Analysis of Various Techniques, 2005-2009P

Estimating the Cost of New Drug Development: Is It Really $802 Million

Average Out-of-Pocket Clinical Costs for Investigational Compounds

Average Phase Time and Clinical Capitalized Costs for Investigational Compounds

Capitalized Preclinical, Clinical, and Total Cost per New Drug, in Millions of 2000 Dollars

Probability of Market Entry, Durations, and Costs for New Drugs by Firm

Probability of Market Entry, Durations, and Costs for New Drugs, by Disorder and Primary Indication

Achieving High Performance in Pharmaceuticals: Reversing the R&D Productivity Decline

R&D Productivity Challenge: Spend vs. Value (Sales)

Pharmaceutica R&D Expenditure, Average R&D Expenditure per NAS and Average ROI per NAS—Indexed four 7 year periods 1988-2000

Average Number of Patients per Trial, by Phase and Therapeutic Area: A 2006 Assessment

Mean Number of Patients per Trial: Phase 1 Studies, by Therapeutic Area

Mean Number of Patients per Trial: Phase 2 Studies, by Therapeutic Area

Mean Number of Patients per Trial: Phase 3 Studies, by Therapeutic Area

Finding Biomarkers as Difficult as Finding New Drugs—Roche’s Humer

Average Per-Patient Clinical Trial Costs: A 2006 Assessment

Average Per-Patient Clinical Trial Cost Across Therapeutic Areas

Mean Phase 1 Per-Patient Clinical Trial Costs, by Therapeutic Area, US

Mean Phase 2 Per-Patient Clinical Trial Costs, by Therapeutic Area, US

Mean Phase 3 Per-Patient Clinical Trial Costs, by Therapeutic Area, US

Mean Phase 4 Per-Patient Clinical Trial Costs, by Therapeutic Area, US

The Global Clinical Trial Landscape: A 2006 Assessment

Delays in Clinical Development, 1995-2005

Investigators Actively Participating in FDA-Regulated Clinical Trials, US vs. Foreign, 1996-2006

Distribution of Investigators Outside North America Actively Participating in FDA-Regulated Trials, 1996-2006

Annual Growth in Clinical Investigators Participating in FDA-Regulated Clinical Trials by Select Countries, 1995-2006

Growth in Clinical Investigators Participating in FDA-Regulated Trials for Selected Countries

Global Turnover Among Active Investigators: “Drop Out” Investigators in US and Abroad by Level of Experience

Clinical Study Cost Comparisons by Country

Average Patient Enrollment Duration for Phase II and III Clinical Trials in Six Regions: Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Australia, South America, and US

Emerging Markets’ Cost and Enrollment Advantages: India and China vs. US

Clinical Sites in ROW Represent 20% of Sites Under US INDs

The Cost of Attrition in Drug Development

Addressing the Investigator Shortfall

The Widening Gap: More New Investigators, But Many More Studies, 1981-2005

Top Five Reasons Physicians Don’t Refer Patients Into Clinical Trials

Measures of Investigator Participation in Trials

Clinical Research Offshoring: A Country Attractiveness Index for Clinical Trials

Number of Studies by Top 12 Pharma Countries by U.S.-Only and Non-U.S. Sites

Top 12 Pharma Companies as a Percentage of Total Industry Studies

Top 15 Most Common Locations for Clinical Trials Outside the U.S.: Number of Studies Sponsored by Pharmas in Each Country

Percentages and Numbers of Industry Studies and Offshore Locations

Overall Country Attractiveness Index

Overall Patient Availability Score by Country

Overall Indexed Clinical Trial Costs

Various Clinical Trial Metrics: Number of Sites, Patients per Phase

Average Number of Sites by Phase

Patients-per-Site Ratios by Phase

Average Number of Patients by Phase

Average Per-Patient Clinical Trial Cost by Phase

Average Per-Patient Clinical Trial Cost by Therapeutic Area and Trial Phase

Estimates of Nonclinical Study Costs and Durations

Clinical and Total R&D Costs by Therapeutic Category

Mean Clinical Phase Costs for Investigational New Drugs by Therapeutic Category

Mean Clinical Cost per Approved New Drug by Therapeutic Category

The Price of Innovation: New Estimates on Drug Development Costs

Average Out-of-Pocket Clinical Period Costs for Investigational Compounds

Average Phase Times and Clinical Period Capitalized Costs for Investigational Compounds

Trends in Capitalized Preclinical, Clinical, and Total Cost per Approved New Drug

Compound Annual Growth Rates in Out-of-Pocket and Capitalized Inflation-adjusted Cost per Approved New Drug

Out-of-Pocket Clinical Period Phase Costs for Approved Compounds

Out-of-Pocket and Capitalized Total Cost per Approved New Drug for New Drugs and for Improvements to Existing Drugs

Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development Estimate of Cost to Develop a New Drug

Total Mean Costs to Develop a New Drug

The Costs of Drug Development: The Public Citizen Rebuttal

DiMasi Rebuttal to Public Citizen Critique

The Phase I Clinical Study Market: A 2007 Assessment

Phase I Still Stands Out: Projected Spending by Phase (U.S. $ in billions)

The Phase IIIb/IV Market: A 2006 Assessment

Spending on Various Drug Development Phases, 2005-2009p

The Central Laboratory Market: A 2006 Assessment

Projected Central Laboratory Market, 2004-2009

2005 Revenue from Companies with Central Laboratory Services

Clinical Trial Laboratory Services Market Share

Top Disqualification Categories for Study Candidates Sourced by Data-Based Patient Recruitment Strategies

Top 5 Reasons for Study Candidate Disqualifications Across 18 Therapeutic Areas

Top Disqualifications for Migraine

Top Disqualifications for Depression

Top Disqualifications for Anxiety

Top Disqualifications for Asthma

Top Disqualifications for Insomnia

Top Disqualifications for Fibromyalgia

Clinical Trial Recruitment Best Practices and Performance Benchmarks: The Wise Investments Survey

Source of Enrollment Delays

Enrollment Costs by Therapeutic Area

Patient Recruitment Budget Allocations, US vs. Non-US Sites

Performance Benchmarks

Percent of Recruitment Resources Applied to Planning vs. Rescue Intervention

Company Experiences based on When They Address Patient Recruitment Issues

Patients Enrolled per Site per Month

Average Months Delay per Trial Launched

Typical Contracting Time Required by Practice Setting

Reliance on Local & Central IRBs—Accuracy & Acceleration

Sources of Enrolled Patients—Phase III

Enrollment Impact of Recruitment Tactics

The Impact of Internet-based Clinical Trials on the Efficiency of Data Entry, Monitoring, and Data Management: A 2006 Case Study

Cumulative Frequency for Data of Initial Entry to Last Form Modified by the Study Site

Cumulative Frequency From the Day the Form Was Last Modified to CRA Review

Cumulative Frequency From the Date of CRA Review to In-House Form Review

Development Time

Analysis of U.S. New Drug Development Process by Average Time to

Complete Each Phase of Product Development, 2008

New Drug Development Times: A 2007 Analysis

Mean Clinical and Approval Times: 1994-2006

Mean Clinical and Approval Phase Lengths by Therapeutic Class, 2002-2006

Cancer Therapy Development Times vs. Other Drugs: A 2007 Study

Clinical and FDA Approval Phases for New Cancer Therapeutics

Development Phase Lengths for Selected Therapeutic Categories

Development Phase Lengths and Attrition Rates for Selected Therapeutic Categories

The FDA’s Fast Track Program: Effect on Review Time and Approval Success

Number and Total Approval Time (in months) of Approved NDAs and BLAs, by Fiscal Year of Submission, and by Review Procedure

Delays in Study Enrollment Timelines: A 2007 Assessment

Distribution of Delays in US Site Enrollment Timelines

Distribution of Delays in Site Enrollment Globally: US, Europe, Latin America, and Asia Pacific

Factor Most Often Causing Study Delays

Biopharmaceutical Development Times: A 2007 Analysis

Mean Biopharmaceutical Development Times: Clinical Phase, Approval Phase, and Total Phase Lengths, 1982-2006

Top Factors Causing Clinical Study Delays: A 2007 Survey

Top Factors Delaying Study Progress

The FDA on Study Initiation Delays

The Speed Demons of Drug Development: Achieving Revenue Gains and Cost Savings

Fastest Development Companies: Median Clinical Development and Regulatory Cycle Times, 2000-2005

Median Time from IND Filing to NDA Approval for Nine Therapeutic Areas, 2000-2005

Median Clinical Development Time and Regulatory Cycle Times: All Companies vs. Fastest 10 Companies

Standard Deviations and Coefficients of Variation for Drugs Approved Between 2000 and 2005

Fastest vs. Slowest Firms: Percentage of Terminated Projects by Phase, 1994-2005

Drugs of Fastest vs. Slowest Companies: Comparative Development and Regulatory Cycle Times and Revenue Advantage, 2000-2005

Emerging Markets’ Cost and Enrollment Advantages: India vs. China vs. U.S

Development Times for Biotech vs. Drug Products: A 2006 Study

Clinical Development and Approval Times: Biopharmaceuticals vs. Drugs

Time Consumed by Various Clinical Trial Activities

Study Sites’ Perception on Reasons for Study Delays

Factor Most Often Causing Clinical Study Delays

Clinical and Approval Timelines for Drugs Approved 1984-2004

Clinical and Approval Phases for New Drugs, 1984-2004

Mean Clinical Phase Times for Priority and Standard NCEs Approved, 1984-2004

Mean FDA Approval Times for Standard and Priority NCEs, 1984-2004

Mean Clinical Phase Times for NCEs Approved by Therapeutic Area, 1996-2004

Mean Clinical and Approval Phase Lengths by Therapeutic Class, 2002-2004

Share of NCE Approvals by Location of Original Marketing, 1987-2004

Number of NCE Approvals, 1984-2004

Are Development Times for Pharmaceutical Companies Increasing or Decreasing?

Sample of Development Times for 25 Drugs

Pharmaceutical Development Times, by Category

Total Post-IND Development Period, Clinical Trial Period, and Regulatory Review Periods, by Year of NDA Approval, 1992-2001

Total Post-IND Development Period, Clinical Trial Period, and Regulatory Review Period, by Year of IND Filing, 1985-1995

Clinical and Approval Timelines for Biopharmaceuticals Approved in the US, 1996-2005

Comparison of Mean Clinical and Approval Phase Lengths for Biopharmaceuticals Approved, 1996-2000 vs. 2001-2005: All, Orphan, and Priority Biopharmaceuticals

Comparison of Mean Clinical and Approval Phase Lengths for Biopharmaceuticals Approved, 1996-2000 vs. 2001-2005 for Top Therapeutic Categories: Oncology, Endocrine, and Immunology

Total Development Times for Drug and Biopharmaceutical Products, 1985-2004

Mean Total Development Times for Drugs and Biological Products Approved in the United States, 1994-2004

The FDA’s Fast Track Program: Its Utilization and Impact on Drug Development Times: An April 2006 Update

Cumulative Fast Track Designations Granted by CDER and CBER, 2000-2006

Fast-Track Designations by Disease Type, 2001-2005

Reasons for Development Problems in Fast Track Programs

Total Development and Approval Times by FDA Program

Mean Development Times for Fast Track Products by Therapeutic Area, 1998-2005

The Effects of CRO Usage on Drug Development Times

Days that Actual Submission Exceeded Projected Submission Date, Low vs. High CRO Usage Projects

Mean Time to Four Pivotal Clinical Trial Milestones, Low vs. High CRO Usage Projects

A Measure of Quality: Case Report Form Queries/Page Screen

Quantifying the Time Used in Key Clinical Study Activities: A 2006 Assessment

Percent of Site Personnel Time by Research Study Activity

Site Personnel Time: Minutes/Activity for Common Study Activities

Ten Most Time-consuming Activities

The Duration of Clinical Trials by Phase and Therapeutic Area: A 2004 Study

Clinical Trial Duration by Phase

Phase I Clinical Trial Duration by Therapeutic Area

Phase II Clinical Trial Duration by Therapeutic Area

Phase III Clinical Trial Duration by Therapeutic Area

Clinical Trial Components by Percent of Total Trial Timeline Consumed

Pharmaceutical Development Phases: A Duration and Success Rate Analysis

Phase I, II, and III Clinical Trial Durations by Successful and Failing Projects: Summary Descriptive Statistics

Crude Probability of Success (and Phase Durations, in months) for Successful Drugs by Company Size, Type of Product, Dosage Form, and Therapeutic Category

Crude Probability of Failure (and Phase Durations, in months) for Failing Drugs by Company Size, Type of Product, Dosage Form, and Therapeutic Category

Various New Drug Development Metrics

Number of NMEs First Marketed 1992-2003 and Their Mean Development Time

Trends in Clinical Development Times: Various Milestones, 1997-2003

Composite Median Cycle Times for NASs in Development, 1997-2003

Development Times for All New Active Substances in R&D Between 2000 and 2002

The FDA’s Fast Track Program: A 2005 Analysis

Drug Development Times

Biological Product Development Times

Fast Track Designation Requests

Percent of Fast Track Designations and Approvals by Type of Product: Biological or Chemical

Reasons for “Fast Fail”

The New Drug Approvals of 1999, 2000, and 2001: Drug Development Trends a Decade After Passage of PDUFA

Mean NCE Clinical, Approval, and Total Phase Lengths for NCEs Approved in 1999, 2000, and 2001

Median Clinical and Approval Phases for New Chemical Entity Approvals in 1999, 2000, and 2001

Mean Clinical and Approval Phases in Years for NCEs Approved in Each of Last Six Three-Year Periods

Mean Clinical and Approval Phases for NCEs Grouped by Therapeutic Classes

Mean Clinical Phases in Years for NCEs Grouped by Therapeutic Class in Each of the Last Three-Year Periods

Mean Clinical, Approval, and Total Phases in Years for NCEs Approved in 1999-2001

and Designated as Accelerated Approval, Fast Track Approval, or Both, Compared with Those for All Other NCEs and with Orphan Approvals

Percentage of NCEs First Approved in the United States and Those with Various Periods of Prior Foreign Marketing

Percentage of NCEs First Approved in the United States, and Those with One or More Years of Prior Foreign Marketing, in Each of the Last Five Three-Year Periods

Success Rates

A 2008 Analysis of Approval Success Rates by Product Type and Novelty

NME Success Rates by Compound Type, 1997-2007

NME Success Rates by Target Type, 1997-2007

Product Type and Target Novelty, 1997-2008

NME Success Rates by Compound Type, 2002-2007

NME Success Rates by Target Type, 2002-2007

Product Type and Target Novelty, 2002-2007

A 2008 Analysis of the Mid- and Late-Stage R&D Pipeline: Size, Developer Type, Indications, and Success Rates

Number of Drugs in Phase 2-Pre-Registration by Developer Type, 1997-2007

Number of Indications per Drug in Phase 2-Pre-Registration by Developer Type for Select Years, 1997-2007

Likelihood of Approval by Phase for Large Company Products, 2000-2007

Likelihood of Approval by Phase for Small Company/Institution Products

The Pipeline and the New Realities of Drug Development

Development Attrition Rates for Selected Therapeutic Categories

Development Attrition Rates for Selected Therapeutic Categories

Emerging Success Rates for New Cancer Therapies, 1990-2006

New Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines Entering Clinical Study, 1993-2006

Clinical Phase Transition Probabilities for Cancer Therapeutic Candidates

Almost Nothing Getting Through FDA Now—Wyeths’s Ruffolo

Smaller Companies and Biotechs More Reluctant to Discontinue R&D Projects—Pazdur

FDA Approvals and Phase III Failures: Pharma vs. Biotech

Attrition Rates in Drug Development Phases

An Analysis of Late-Stage Success Rates: Biotech Products versus Pharmaceuticals

Success Rates of Late-Stage Clinical Trials in Biotechnology, 1995-2006

FDA Actions on Biotechnology Product Applications by Nature of Action, 1995-2006

Probability of Success to Market for New Active Substances by Origin: Self-Originated vs. Licensed-in

Kola on Emerging Attrition Rate Trends, 2007

Estimates of Drug Success Rates: Unprecedented vs. Precedented Molecules

Drug Success Rates: Unprecedented vs. Precedented Molecules

Major Culprits in Drug Approvals and Late-Stage Trial Delays

Comparative Success Rates for Biotech vs. Drug Products: A 2006 Study

Transition Probabilities for Clinical Phases: Biopharmaceuticals vs. Drugs

Fastest Pharma Firms Kill Development Projects Sooner

Fastest vs. Slowest Firms: Percentage of Terminated Projects by Phase, 1994-2005

FDA Reviewers Being Pressured into Approval Indecision—Vasella and Hassan

Emerging FDA Approval Standard Creating Monopolies—Wyeth’s Essner

New Drug Success Rates at Top 10 Pharma Companies: A 2006 Study

Phase Transition Probabilities for Self-Originated Drugs of Leading Firms

Phase Transition Probabilities by Therapeutic Class for Relatively High Success Rate Classes

Phase Transition Probabilities by Therapeutic Class for Relatively Low Success Rate Classes

Clinical Approval Success Rates by Therapeutic Class

Success to Market Rates for New Active Substances: Comparison of Chemical Entities and Biotech Products

Probability of Success to Market for New Active Substances: Comparison of Therapeutic Areas

New Postapproval Requirements Less Harmful to Pharma R&D Than New Preapproval Burdens—Analysis

Can the Pharmaceutical Industry Reduce Attrition Rates?

Success Rates by Therapeutic Area

Success Rates from First-in-Man to Registration

Success Rates by Stage of Development

Reasons for Attrition

Drug Success Rates: A 2003 Assessment

Probability of FDA Approval for New Drugs Entering a Clinical Phase by Therapeutic Category

Distribution of Research Terminations by Therapeutic Category

Probability of New Drugs Entering a Phase by Therapeutic Category

Drews on Pharma Industry Productivity and Strategic Trends in the Drug Industry

Section 4: Regulatory/FDA Statistics

INDs

Number of IND Submissions, 1982-2007

Breakdown of Drug Divisions’ Active IND Review Workload as of Year-End 2007

Number of Active INDs at the Close of the Calendar Year, 1983-2007

Breakdown of CDER Divisions’ Workload by INDs Received in 2007

CDER Holds on Commercial IND Submissions, 1990-2006

Clinical Holds on Commercial IND Submissions by Division, 2006

NDAs

Number of NDAs Pending at the Close of the Calendar Year, 1983-2007

Breakdown of Drug Divisions’ Pending NDA Review Workload, Year-End 2007

Breakdown of Drug Divisions’ Workload by NDAs Received in Fiscal Year 2007

Breakdown of Divisions’ Workload by Pending NDA Supplements, Year-End 2007

CDER Refusal-to-File (RTF) Actions by Year, 1994-2007

Key Drug Submission and Approval Statistics, 1993-2007

Number of NME Approvals and Approval Times, 1984-2007

NME Review Time Ranges, 1995-2007

Priority/Standard NME Review Gap, 1995-2007 (in months)

Median Approval Times for All NMEs by Calendar Year, 1986-2007

Average NME Review Times in Months by CDER Division, 2005, 2006, and 2007

Average NME Review Times in Months by CDER Division, 1993-2004

Number of NDAs and NMEs Approved by Year, 1983-2007

NMEs Approved Based on Therapeutic Potential, 1985-2007

Percent of All Approved NDAs Receiving Priority Review Status, 1994-2007

CDER’s Priority NME Approvals by Class of Drug, 1994-2007

CDER-Wide First Action Performance for FY05, FY06, and FY07 User Fee Cohorts of NDAs, Resubmissions, Effectiveness Supplements, and Manufacturing Supplements

A 2008 Analysis of CDER First-Cycle Review Outcome Trends for NDAs, FY1996-FY2007

Percent of Original NDAs Approved in First Review Cycle by Submission Cohort, FY1996-FY2007

Percent of Standard/Priority Original NDAs Approved in First Review Cycle by Submission Cohort, FY1997-FY2007

Percent of Original NDAs Receiving Approvable, Not Approvable, and Withdrawal Actions, FY1997 to FY2007

An Analysis of Review Cycles to Approval for New Drugs

Summary Cycle to Approval Statistics for 2005-, 2006- and 2007-Approved NMEs

Distribution of Review Cycles to Approval, 2007, 2006, and 2005

Benchmarking the Review Cycles for NMEs Approved in 2007

Average Cycle Times for Approved NMEs, 2005, 2006, and 2007

Mean Review Cycle Times for Approved Priority/Standard NDAs in the FY2000-FY2006 Submission Cohorts

FDA: Refusing Few NDAs, but Delaying More Clinical Trials

FDA “Barely Hanging On”—Hutt

A Closer Look at the FDA’s 50 Fastest Drug Approvals, 1963-2007

Median Approval Times for Priority and Standard NDAs, 1993-2006

Median Approval Times for Priority and Standard NMEs, 1993-2006

Guardrails, Not Speedbumps, for FDA Drug Approval Process—FDA’s Von Eschenbach

A Comparison of FDA vs. EMEA Drug Approval Times, 2000-2005

Mean Approval Times for New Substances Approved by EMEA and FDA, 2000-2005

Time from Approval in First Market to Approval in Second Market

EU vs. US Approval Time for Orphan Drugs

“Risk Averse” FDA? A Look at What’s Being Approved

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2007: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2006: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2005: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2004: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2003: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2002: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2001: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 2000: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1999: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1998: NDA Review Times by Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1997: NDA Review Time for Each Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1996: NDA Review Time for Each Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1995: NDA Review Time for Each Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1994: NDA Review Time for Each Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1993: NDA Review Time for Each Drug

U.S. New Drug Approvals of 1990, 1991, and 1992: NDA Review Times for Each Drug

New Analysis on Factors Associated with First-Cycle Approvals

Approval Cycle Percentage by Application Type

First-Cycle Approval Rates for Self-Originated vs. In-licensed Products

Percentage of Multi-Cycle Reviews by Sponsor Experience

Approval Rate vs. Sponsor Type and Origin

Key Deficiencies Cited in Action Letters

Effect of End of Phase 2 Meetings on Approval Rate

An Analysis of FDA’s Fast Track Initiative, 2008

Industry’s Fast Track Designation Requests to CDER, FY1999-FY2007

CDER’s Fast Track Program Activity

CBER’s Fast Track Program Activity

Remembering the Good Old Delays

Postmarketing Study Commitment Trends for New Drugs: An Analysis of NMEs Approved in 2007

Percent of NMEs Approved with Postmarketing Commitments, 2001-2007

New Postapproval Requirements Less Harmful to Pharma R&D Than New Preapproval Burdens—Analysis

Safety-Based Drug Marketing Withdrawals in the United States, 1980-2008

CDER Safety-Based Drug Withdrawals: Pre-PDUFA vs. PDUFA Era, 1971-2007

Drugs Cleared New User-Fee Review Deadlines More Likely to Present Safety Issues?

Molecular “Nose” to Sniff Out Drug Safety Issues Earlier?

Faster FDA Drug Approval Times and Drug Withdrawals: A 2005 Analysis

Drug Safety Withdrawals and Withdrawal Rates by Decade

Rates of New Drug Approvals and Safety Based Withdrawals

Median Approval Times for Safety Withdrawals vs. All Drugs by Decade

Median Approval Times for Safety Withdrawals vs. All Drugs, by Therapeutic Class

Distribution of Safety Withdrawals by Therapeutic Class, 1980-2005

Pediatric Study Costs and Complexity Levels Grow, 2000-2006

Orphan Drug Activity Continues to Hit Record Levels in 2007

Orphan Drug Designation and Approval Statistics, 1990-2007

Prevalence of Orphan Drugs in CDER’s NME Approvals, 2001-2007

Is FDA Failing to Use Advisory Committees?

NDAs Approved Under CDER’s Accelerated Approval Program, 1992-September 2007

Biologics

Summary of CBER Actions in 2007

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2007

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2007

Summary of CBER Actions in 2006

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2006

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2006

Summary of CBER Actions in 2005

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2005

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2005

Summary of CBER Actions in 2004

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2004

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2004

Summary of CBER Actions in 2003

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2003

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2003

Summary of CBER Actions in 2002

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2002

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2002

Summary of CBER Actions in 2001

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2001

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2001

Summary of CBER Actions in 2000

Key CBER Review Statistics for 2000

CBER’s New Biological Product Approvals for 2000

Orphan Drugs

Orphan Drug Designation and Approval Statistics, 1990-2007

Cumulative Growth of Orphan Drugs, 1984-2007

Orphan Drug Approval Times vs. Approval Times of Other Drugs, 1993-2007

Orphan Drug and Biologic Approvals, 1993-2007

Orphan Drug and Biologic Approvals in 1990, 1991, and 1992

Over-the-Counter Drugs

Rate of Rx-to-OTC Switches per Year, 1951-2007

Generic Drugs

Generic Drug Approval Times: Median Time to Approval 1993 to 2007

Pending ANDAs Continue to Surge at FDA, 2000-2007

Mean and Median ANDA/AADA Review Times, 1995-2007

Annual ANDA and AADA Submission and Approval Statistics, 1995-2007

CDER Clinical Site Inspection Results, FY1997-FY2007

CDER Clinical Investigator Inspections, FY92-FY2007

CDER Inspections of Foreign Clinical Investigators, FY91-FY2007

Clinical Investigator Deficiency Categories, FY2006

Inspection Results for Clinical Investigators, FY2006

Section 5: International Statistics

European Union

R&D Spending in Europe’s Pharmaceutical Industry, 1980-2007

Pharmaceutical R&D Spending Within EFPIA Countries, 1990-2006

Mean EMEA Review Time for Human Drugs Submitted Under the EC’s Centralized Procedure, 2007

Mean EMEA Processing Time for Human Medicinal Products, 1997-2007

Mean Processing Times for Key Stages of Centralized Process, 1996-2007

Cancer, Anti-Infective, and Neurology Drugs Dominate New Centralized Submissions to EMEA in 2007

Marketing Authorization Applications Rise to Record Levels at the EMEA

Marketing Authorization Applications Undergoing Initial Evaluation, 2000-2007

CPMP Initial Evaluation Opinions and Sponsor Withdrawals for New Medicines, 2000-2007

An Analysis of the Mutual Recognition Procedure, 2007

UK R&D and Clinical Trials to Plummet After Drug Pricing Scheme Scapped

Comparison of FDA vs. EMEA Drug Approval Times, 2000-2005

Mean Approval Times for New Substances Approved by EMEA and FDA, 2000-2005

Time from Approval in First Market to Approval in Second Market

EU vs. US Approval Time for Orphan Products

United Kingdom

Pharmaceutical Industry R&D Investment in the UK, 1989-2006

The MHRA’s Clinical Trials Work (by CTX submissions), 2006/2007

MHRA’s New Active Substances Assessed and Mean Assessment Times, 1993-2007

Japan

Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditures in Japan, 1985-2006 (in bill. Yen)

Annual Number of New Chemical Entities Approved in Japan, 1983-2007

Number of INDs for Investigational New Drugs Submitted in Japan, 1990-2006

Success Rates of New Drug Development in Japan, 2002-2006

R&D Expenditures of 20 Leading Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, 2003-2006

Number of Prescription Drug Manufacture and Import Approvals Granted in Japan, 1985-2006

Median NDA Approval Trends in Japan by Year of Submission, 1996-2005

Number of Drugs in Development in Japan by Pipeline Stage and Disease/Therapeutic Category, 2008

Addressing Japan’s “Drug Lag”

Germany

Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditures by German Drug Industry, 1999-2006

Number of New Chemical Entities Approved in Germany, 1988-2006

Canada

Canadian Drugs Directorate New Active Substance (NAS) Approval Times, 1993-2007

R&D Spending by Canadian Drug (Rx&D Member) Companies, 1984-2006

New Drug Submission (NDS) Approval Times in Canada, 1997-2007

Latin America

Global Clinical Trials: A Focus on Latin America

Number of Clinical Trials Conducted in Various Countries/Regions

Clinical Studies in Latin America, by Country, Year-end 2007

New Latin America Clinical Trials Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov by Country, 1999-2007

Regulatory Timelines Associated with Clinical Trials in Latin America, 13 Countries

Will Pharma Stop Drug Launches in the UK?

Orphan Drugs Get Closer Look

Global

Comparative R&D Spending, Sales, and Product Launch Trends Worldwide: A 2008 Analysis

Breakdown of World Pharma Market—2007 Sales

Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure Annual Growth Rate, US vs. Europe, 1993-2007

Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure in Europe, the United States, and Japan, 1990-2007

Opening and Closing of Research Sites in Europe, US, and Asia, 2001-2006

Number of Compounds in Development by Country/Region: US, Europe, Japan, and ROW

U.S., European, Canadian, Japanese and Australian Biotech: Global Activity Measures, 2007

Clinical Research Market in Central and Eastern Europe: A 2007 Assessment

Comparative Global Clinical Trial Growth in Emerging Markets, 2002-2006

Active Phase II-IV Sites in Eastern Europe/Russia

Russia’s Clincial Trials Market Heats Up

Trends in Worldwide Pharma and Biotech R&D Expenditures, 2002-2012P

Global R&D Spending by World’s Top 400 Pharma & Biotech Companies, 2002-2012

Trends in Worldwide R&D Expenditure, 1993-2008P

Global New Active Substance Product Launches, 2007

Russia’s Clinical Trials Market: A 2007 Assessment

Clinical Trials Approved in Russia

Russian Patients Enrolled in Global Clinical Trials

Originating Country of Global Clinical Trials in Russia

Active Phase II-IV Sites in Eastern Europe/Russia

India’s Clinical Research Market: A 2006 Assessment

India’s Participation in Global Trials Grows: Number of Indian Clinical Investigators for U.S. INDs, 2001-2005

Number of Indian Investigators Participating in Global Trials, by City, 2002-2005

U.S. NIH Grants to Indian Investigative Sites, 2000-2005

India to Need 50,000 Clinical Trial Pros by 2010?

Unprecedented Chinese Government Investment to Boost Innovative Drug Development

China’s R&D Goal: $10B by 2010

China as a Site for Clinical Trials: A 2005 Assessment

China’s Participation in Global Clinical Trials Grows, 2001-2004

Clinical Trial Approvals in China, 2001-2003

Annual Number of Clinical Trials in Hong Kong, 1999-2004

Western Drugs Hard Sell in China?

Singapore as Hub for Clinical Trials in Asia

Clinical Trial Certificates Issued in Singapore, 1998-2004

Singapore Clinical Trials by Therapeutic Area, 2003-2004

Clinical Trials: Does East Cost Least?

Comparison of Phase II-III Costs per Patient as a Percentage of UK Costs Between 1995 and 2002

Changes in Phase II-III Costs per Patient in Three Eastern European Countries as a Percentage of UK Costs

Estimated Clinical Trial Applications Submitted per Year in Various European Countries

Clinical Trials in Spain, 1994-2000

Regulatory Approval Times, 1998-2004: US, Japan, and EU

Abstract

PAREXEL's Bio/Pharmaceutical R&D Statistical Sourcebook 2008/2009 is packed with more cutting-edge and proprietary intelligence and analyses not available anywhere else--for example:
  • New proprietary analyses on US clinical trial starts, now segmented for the first time by therapeutic category, as well as overall active clinical trials, also segmented by therapeutic category. See how quickly the numbers of active clinical trials are growing, and precisely which therapeutic areas are driving this growth.
  • An all-new and comprehensive analysis of clinical research offshoring in which we provide the first definitive analysis of the countries in which pharma companies are now locating their new clinical trials (based on new studies initiated in 2007).


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