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Indian Bio fuels

Published by: Cygnus Business Consulting and Research

Published: May. 7, 2007 - 135 Pages


Table of Contents


Executive Summary
Section 1: BioFuels
1. Introduction to Biofuel
1.1 Global Energy Requirements
1.2 Indian Energy Needs
1.3 Demand and Supply of Oil for Energy: Indian Scenario
1.3.1 Demand
1.3.2 Supply
1.4 Biofuels: A Definition
2. Biodiesel
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties
2.2.1 Density/Specific Gravity
2.3 Quality Standards and specifications
2.4 Important Biodiesel Parameters
2.5 Performance of Biodiesel
2.6 Technical Overview of Bio Diesel
3. Biofuel Benefits
3.1 Economic Benefits
3.2 Environmental Benefits
3.3 Emissions
3.4 Energy Security Benefits
4. Production of Biodiesel
4.1 Raw Materials
4.1.1 Oil
4.2 The Quality of Raw Material
4.2.1 Vege Table Oil
4.2.2 Animal fats
4.2.3 Waste vege Table oils
4.2.4 Esters of vege Table oil
4.2.5 Alcohol
4.2.6 Catalyst
4.3 Production of Biodiesel
4.4 Production Process
4.5 Batch vs. Continuous Process Technology
4.5.1 Batch Systems
4.5.2 Continuous Systems
4.5.3 Hybrid Systems
4.6 Steps involved in Base-Catalyst Method
4.6.1 Pyrolysis
4.6.2 Micro-emulsification
4.6.3 Dilution
4.6.4 Transesterification
4.6.5 The Process and Variables during Transesterification
4.5.6 Ratio of alcohol to oil
4.5.7 Catalyst type and concentration
4.5.8 Purity of reactants
4.7 The General Production Flow of Biodiesel
4.8 Bioethanol
4.8.1 Physical properties
4.9 Chemical properties
4.9.1 Acid-base chemistry
4.9.2 Nucleophilic substitution
4.9.3 Etherification
4.9.4 Dehydration
4.9.5 Oxidation
4.9.6 Combustion
4.10 Testing Ethanol
4.10.1 Infrared ethanol sensors
4.10.2 Purification
4.11 Production of Ethanol
4.11.1 Raw materials
4.12 Production technology
4.12.1 Dry milling process technology
4.12.2 Wet milling process
4.13 The manufacturing process
5. Distribution System
5.1 Blending of Esters with Diesel
5.2 Storage of Biodiesel
5.2.1 Suggestions for storing Biodiesel
5.3 Handling of Biodiesel
Section 2: Upcoming Industry
6. Biodiesel and Bioethanol
6.1 Biodiesel.
6.1.1 International Biodiesel Market
6.1.2 Global Production
6.1.3 Europe
6.1.4 The US
6.1.5 Asia
6.1.6 Australia
6.1.7 Brazil
6.1.8 Canada
6.2 International bio ethanol market
6.2.1 Global production
6.2.2 United States
6.2.3 Brazil
6.2.4 Canada
6.2.5 European Union
6.2.6 Asia
6.3 Companies in Bio fuel Industry
6.4 International Companies
6.4.1 Abengoa Bioenergy Corporation
6.4.2 AG Environmental Products LLC
6.4.3 Archer Daniels Midland Company
6.4.5 Biodiesel Industries, Inc
6.4.6 Griffin Industries, Inc
6.4.7 Petroplus International N.V
6.4.8 Southern States Power Company, Inc
6.4.9 Total S.A.
6.4.10 West Central Cooperative
6.4.11 Pacific Biodiesel
6.4.12 Canada Clean Fuels
6.4.13 ADW Plus, S.R.O
6.4.14 Soy Solutions .
6.5 Indian Companies
6.5.1 Southern Online Bio Technologies Ltd
6.5.2 Nandan Biometrix
6.5.3 Shirke Biofuel
6.5.4 Naturol Bio-Energy India Ltd
6.5.5 D1 Oil plc
6.5.6 Reliance Industries Ltd
6.5.7 Godrej Agrovet
6.5.8 Emami Ltd
6.5.9 HPCL
6.6 Indian scenario
6.6.1 Straight vege Table oils (SVO)
6.6.2 Bio-diesel
6.6.3 Bio-ethanol
6.6.4 Sugar cane
6.6.5 Sweet sorghum
7. Issues and Challenges
7.1 Infrastructure
7.2 Area Requirement
7.3 Availability of adequate feed stock
7.4 Government initiation
7.5 Pricing of the bio fuel
7.6 Product marketing and technology
7.7 Cultivation of alternate feedstock like sweet sorghum and tropical sugar beet
7.8 Crop Failure and Fuel Crisis
8. Critical Success Factor
8.1 Set-up for the Bio fuel plant
8.2 Technology
8.3 Government Support
9. Demand Drivers
9.1 Fuel Prices in International Market
9.2 Environment friendly fuels
9.3 Engine Development & Modifications
Section 3: Feasibility in India
10. Indian Scenario
10.1 Possibility of Biodiesel Production in India
10.2 Proposed Jatropha Plantation
11. Land feasibility for Jatropha Plantation
11.1 Assessment of Biodiesel Demand in India
11.1.1 The Required Raw Material Production
11.2 Area required for plantation
11.2.1 Available Land
12. Cost Estimation of Producing Biodiesel
12.1 Cost estimation
12.1.1 Pre-Plantation Cost
12.1.2 Cultivation cost
12.1.3 Oil Extraction Cost
12.1.4 Cost of Esterification
12.1.5 Other costs
12.2 Estimated Operating profit per ton of Biodiesel
12.3 By-products
13. Framework of Launching Biodiesel in India
13.1 Plantation Sector
13.2 Production Sector
13.3 Marketing and Trade
13.4 Research and Development
13.4.1 Selected Biodiesel R&D Projects at Indian organisation
14. Government of India Initiative in Plantation: National Mission on Biodiesel
14.1 Objective of the mission
14.2 Phase I Demonstration Phase (2003 2007)
714.2.1 Micromission on Plantation on Forest Lands
14.2.2 Micromission on Plantation on Non-forest Lands
14.2.3 Micromission on Plantation on other Lands
14.2.4 Micromission on Procurement of Seed and Oil Extraction
14.2.5 Micromission on Transesterification, Blending and Trade
14.2.6 Micromission on R&D
14.3 Phase II - Self sustaining Expansion of Biodiesel Programme (2007 2012)
14.4 The Coverage and Area
14.4.1 Developing agro-technologies for different agro-climatic regions
14.4.2 Oil Quality
14.4.3 Biocatalyst
14.4.4 Utilization of By-products
15. Regulating Biodiesel in India
15.1 Proposed Biodiesel Specifications for India
Appendix
1. Available Biodiesel production technologies
2. Production Capacity Installed: Country-wise 126
3. Indian and European Vehicle Emission Norms
4. Indian and European Vehicle Emission Norms Heavy Duty Vehicles
5. Comparison of Indian and European Diesel Specifications
6. Comparison of different Methyl Esters compared to Diesel
8. Jatropha: An Introduction 129
Bibliography
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Global Energy Demand (in Mtoe)
Figure 1.2: Developing Countries Requirement Increasing
Figure 1.3: Oil Demand (in Mtoe)
Figure 4.1: Process Output Levels/Process Input Levels
Figure 4.2: The General Production Flow of Biodiesel
Figure 4.3: Flow diagram for conversion of biomass to ethanol by the NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) process SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation)
Figure 6.1: Global Biodiesel Production
Figure 6.2: Leading ethanol producing nations (2004-2005)
Figure 6.3: US Ethanol Demand & Production
Figure 9.1: Price (US$/barrel)
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: Future demand for diesel
Table 2.1: Biodiesel Specifications
Table 2.2: US Biodiesel Standards
Table 4.1: Oil Producing Crops
Table 6.1: Biodiesel Production (in thousand MT)
Table 6.2: Biofuels Companies (In Alphabetical Order)
Table 11.1: Assessment of Biodiesel Demand in India
Table 11.2: Biodiesel Production Per Unit Area
Table 11.3: Jatropha Area Required
Table 11.4: Available Land
Table 11.5: Area under JFM & Social Forestry
Table 12.1: Manpower Requirement
Table 12.2: Pre-Planting Cost
Table 12.3: Seed Production Cost
Table 12.4: Production Unit Requirement for oil extraction (single machine)
Table 12.5: Cost of Jatropha Oil per litre
Table 12.6: Jatropha Oil Requirement for Biodiesel
Table 12.7: Variable Cost / ton
Table 12.8: Plant Fixed Cost
Table 12.9: Cost estimation for Esterification
Table 12.10: Expected Profit
Table 14.1: Coverage of Area under National Mission on Biodiesel
Table 15.1: Fuel Properties considered
Table 15.2: Summary of Proposed BIS Standard for Biodiesel

Abstract

Introduction
Rising energy consumption and declining fossil fuel reserves have forced countries worldwide to look for alternate sources of energy. The energy consumption of fast-growing countries such as India and China is forecast to grow rapidly. Key findings & Highlights
  • The member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) will remain the leading consumers of energy
  • India is the world sixth largest consumer of energy
  • India oil and gas reserves, however, are not enough to meet its current needs leave alone future requirements.
  • Biofuels is among the alternate fuels that have caught the attention of policy makers and entrepreneurs in recent years.
  • Biodiesel is chemically a mono-alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats.
Reasons to buy
  • Understand the opportunities and uses of biodiesal
  • Get thorough knowledge about biofuels and its constituents along with the uses.
  • Understand the current need and future requirement in energy sector


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