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Published by: Key Note Publications Ltd
Published: Jun. 1, 2008 - 240 Pages
Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- 1. Introduction
- BACKGROUND
- DEFINITION
- 2. Strategic Overview
- MARKET DYNAMICS AND SEGMENTATION
- Factors Affecting the Market
- Population Trends
- Table 1: UK Resident Population Estimates by Sex (000), Mid-Years 2003-2007
- Gross Domestic Product
- Table 2: UK Gross Domestic Product at Current and Annual Chain-Linked Prices (£m), 2003-2007
- Inflation
- Table 3: UK Rate of Inflation (%), 2003-2007
- Unemployment
- Table 4: Actual Number of Unemployed Persons in the UK (million), 2003-2007
- Household Disposable Income
- Table 5: UK Household Disposable Income Per Capita (£), 2003-2007
- Property Transactions
- Table 6: Property Transactions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (000 and index 2002/2003=100), Years Ending March 2003-2008
- Current Status of the Market and Consumer Trends
- Strategic Position
- Total Industry Value and Growth
- Table 7: The UK Mortgage Market by Gross Lending (£m), 2003-2007
- Table 8: The UK Mortgage Market by Monthly Amounts Outstanding and Annualised Number of Approvals (£m, index 2003=100 and 000), as at 31st January 2003-2008 and Annualised 2003-2008
- Market Segmentation
- By Type of Advance
- By Mortgage Repayment Method — First-Time Buyers and Home Movers
- Table 9: Mortgage Lending by Repayment Method — First-Time Buyers and Home Movers (% of loans), 2007
- DISTRIBUTION
- Channel Mix
- Table 10: Number of Distribution Channels Offered by Lenders in Great Britain (% of lenders), 2007
- Figure 1: Number of Distribution Channels Offered by Lenders in Great Britain (% of lenders), 2007
- Direct Distribution Versus Intermediaries
- Table 11: Distribution Channel by Type of Advance — All Loans for House Purchase (£bn), 2007
- COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE
- Table 12: The Top 20 Mortgage Lenders by Rank by Gross Mortgage Lending and Market Share (£bn and %), 2005 and 2006
- ADVERTISING
- Table 13: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on General Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- THE CONSUMER
- Consumer Confidence
- Table 14: Nationwide Consumer Confidence Survey — Spending Confidence Regarding Major Purchases and Household Goods (% of respondents), March 2007-April 2008
- Key Note's Consumer Research
- Summary
- Consumer Attitudes Towards Mortgage Deals, Charges and Interest Rates
- "How I Contact My Mortgage Provider Is Not Important, as Long as It Is the Cheapest Deal"
- "I Am Happy to Switch Lenders to Get a Better Deal"
- "I Think Some Mortgage Lenders Charge Too Much For Remortgaging"
- "I Would Put Off Buying a Home When Interest Rates Go Up"
- Consumers' Attitudes Towards Mortgage Commitments
- "If I Cannot Pay My Mortgage Repayments, I Can Return the Keys and Walk Away"
- "Investing in Children is More Important Than Paying Off a Large Mortgage"
- Household Savings
- Table 15: UK Household Saving Ratio (%), 2003-2007
- Table 16: UK Mix-Adjusted House-Price Index — All Dwellings (£ and index 2003=100), 2003-2007
- The Housing Market
- Table 17: The House Price-to-Earnings Ratio in the UK, Fourth Quarter 2003-2007 and December 2007-February 2008
- Figure 2: The House Price-to-Earnings Ratio in the UK, Fourth Quarter 2003-2007 and December 2007-February 2008
- THE FUTURE
- 3. Types of Mortgage
- TYPES OF MORTGAGE BY REPAYMENT METHOD
- Repayment Mortgages
- Overpayments
- Interest-Only Mortgages
- Endowment Mortgages
- ISA Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Interest-Only Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Endowment Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of ISA Mortgages
- Consumer Attitudes Towards Interest-Only Mortgages
- TYPES OF MORTGAGE BY RATE OF INTEREST
- Cashback and Discount-Rate Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Cashback and Discount-Rate Mortgages
- Table 18: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Cashback and Discount-Rate Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- Consumer Attitudes Towards Discount-Rate Mortgages
- Fixed-Rate Mortgages
- Table 19: End-of-Month Weighted Average Rates of Interest for Standard Variable Mortgages — Banks and Building Societies (%), 31st January 1998-2007 and 31st December 2007-30th April 2008
- Main Media Advertising of Fixed-Rate Mortgages
- Table 20: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Fixed-Rate Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- Capped-Rate Mortgages
- Tracker Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Tracker Mortgages
- Table 21: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Tracker Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- TYPES OF MORTGAGE BY CIRCUMSTANCES OF BORROWER
- Mortgages for First-Time Buyers
- Main Media Advertising of Mortgages for First-Time Buyers
- Table 22: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Mortgages for First-Time Buyers (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- Buy-to-Let Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Buy-to-Let Mortgages
- Table 23: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Buy-to-Let Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- Subprime Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Subprime Mortgages
- Self-Certification Mortgages
- Lifetime Mortgages and Equity-Release Products
- Main Media Advertising of Equity-Release Products
- Table 24: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Equity-Release Products (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- OTHER TYPES OF MORTGAGE
- Flexible Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Flexible Mortgages
- Table 25: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Flexible Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- Offset-Account Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Offset-Account Mortgages
- Current-Account Mortgages
- Main Media Advertising of Current-Account Mortgages
- Consumer Attitudes Towards Current-Account Mortgages
- MORTGAGE INDEMNITY GUARANTEES
- THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES
- Table 26: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged Through Intermediaries in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007
- Main Media Advertising of Intermediaries' Mortgages
- Table 27: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Intermediaries' Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007
- 4. Regulation
- THE MORTGAGE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS SOURCEBOOK
- Guidelines
- Suitability of Mortgage Products
- The Application Process
- Advisers
- SMALL MORTGAGES AND INSURANCE INTERMEDIARIES (MIGI) RULES
- WHAT THE MORTGAGE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS RULES MEAN FOR THE LENDER
- IMPACT ON DIRECT MORTGAGES
- 5. Branch Sales
- MARKET SHARE
- Table 28: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged Through Branches in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007
- CONSUMER TRENDS
- Trust in Advice Regarding the Best Mortgage Deal
- "I Trust Advice Given by Independent Mortgage Advisers on the High Street About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"
- "I Trust Advice Given by Bank-Branch Staff About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"
- "I Trust Advice Given by Building-Society Staff About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"
- "I Trust Advice Given by Estate-Agency Staff About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"
- Attitudes Towards Dealing With the Mortgage Provider Face to Face
- "You Can Get a Better Deal If You Talk to the Mortgage Company Face to Face"
- NUMBER OF BRANCHES
- Table 29: UK Branch Networks (number), 2003-2007
- 6. Telephone Sales
- MARKET SHARE
- Table 30: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged over the Telephone in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007
- CONSUMER TRENDS
- Attitudes Towards Arranging a Mortgage Over the Telephone
- "I Would Be Happy to Arrange My Mortgage Over the Telephone"
- DISTRIBUTION
- Table 31: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Telephone (000 and index 2003=100), 2003-2007
- Figure 3: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Telephone (000), 2003-2007
- 7. E-Mortgages
- MARKET SHARE
- Table 32: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged Through the Internet in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007
- ADVERTISING
- CONSUMER TRENDS
- Use of Mortgage Comparison Websites
- "I Would Visit Comparison Websites That Compare the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Sorts of Mortgage, Before Deciding What Sort of Mortgage I Want"
- "I Would Visit Comparison Websites That Compare the Packages and Prices Offered by Many Mortgage Companies, Before Deciding Whom to Contact For a Mortgage"
- Attitudes Towards Using the Internet to Make Mortgage Arrangements
- "You Can Get a Better Deal If You Deal With the Mortgage Company on the Internet"
- "I Would Be Happy to Arrange My Mortgage Over the Internet"
- "I Would Be Happy to Take Out a Mortgage With an Online Mortgage Broker"
- DISTRIBUTION
- Online Applications and Mortgage Processing
- Internet Finance
- Table 33: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Computer (000 and index 2003=100), 2003-2007
- Figure 4: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Computer (000), 2003-2007
- Internet Intermediaries
- 8. An International Perspective
- THE US MORTGAGE MARKET
- THE EU MORTGAGE MARKET
- 9. PEST Analysis
- POLITICAL FACTORS
- Social Exclusion
- Property-Owning Democracy
- Regulations
- ECONOMIC FACTORS
- Forced Saving
- Labour Market Effects
- Capital Market Effects
- Land Market Effects
- Subprime Lending
- SOCIAL FACTORS
- Family Life
- Social Exclusion
- TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
- Credit Rating
- Security
- Efficiency
- 10. Consumer Dynamics
- OVERVIEW
- Table 34: Summary of Attitudes Towards Mortgages (% of respondents), March 2008
- USE OF MORTGAGE COMPARISON WEBSITES
- Use of Comparison Websites to Compare the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Types of Mortgage
- Use of Comparison Websites to Compare Mortgage Packages and Prices
- Table 35: Use of Comparison Websites to Compare Different Sorts of Mortgage and to Compare the Packages and Prices on Offer (% of respondents), March 2008
- LEVEL OF TRUST IN ADVICE ABOUT WHICH MORTGAGE DEAL IS BEST
- Independent Mortgage Advisers on the High Street
- Bank-Branch Staff
- Table 36: Trust in Mortgage Advice From Independent Mortgage Advisers on the High Street and From Bank-Branch Staff (% of respondents), March 2008
- Building-Society Staff
- Estate-Agency Staff
- Table 37: Trust in Mortgage Advice From Building-Society Staff and From Estate-Agency Staff (% of respondents), March 2008
- DEALING DIRECT WITH THE MORTGAGE COMPANY — OPINIONS ON THE CHANNEL PROVIDING THE BEST DEALS
- Face-to-Face Contact With the Mortgage Company
- Dealing With the Mortgage Company on the Internet
- Table 38: Opinions That One Can Get a Better Deal Via Face-to-Face Contact With the Mortgage Company or by Dealing With the Mortgage Company on the Internet (% of respondents), March 2008
- WILLINGNESS TO ARRANGE A MORTGAGE VIA CHANNELS WITHOUT FACE-TO-FACE CONTACT
- Telephone Arrangement of a Mortgage
- Internet Arrangement of a Mortgage
- Table 39: Willingness to Arrange a Mortgage Over the Telephone or Over the Internet (% of respondents), March 2008
- Taking Out a Mortgage Via an Online Mortgage Broker
- Table 40: Willingness to Take Out a Mortgage Via an Online Mortgage Broker (% of respondents), March 2008
- PREFERENCE FOR THE CHEAPEST DEAL, AND WILLINGNESS TO SWITCH LENDERS TO GET A BETTER DEAL
- Preference for the Cheapest Deal as a Priority Rather Than Method of Contact
- Willingness to Switch Lender to Get a Better Deal
- Table 41: Preference for the Cheapest Deal, and Willingness to Switch Lenders to Get a Better Deal (% of respondents), March 2008
- ATTITUDES TOWARDS MORTGAGE COSTS
- Excessive Charges For Remortgaging
- Effects of Increased Interest Rates
- Table 42: Belief That Some Lenders' Remortgaging Charges Are Excessive, and Unwillingness to Buy a House When Interest Rates Rise (% of respondents), March 2008
- PREFERENCES REGARDING TYPE OF MORTGAGE DEAL
- Discounted Mortgages
- Interest-Only Mortgages
- Table 43: Preferences for Discounted and Interest-Only Mortgages (% of respondents), March 2008
- Current-Account Mortgages
- Table 44: Preference For a Mortgage Linked to a Current Account (% of respondents), March 2008
- LEVEL OF COMMITMENT TO A MORTGAGE
- Attitude That It Is Possible to `Walk Away' From Mortgage Commitments if Unable to Make Repayments
- Belief That Investing in Children Is More Important Than Paying Off a Large Mortgage
- Table 45: Attitude That It Is Possible to `Walk Away' From Mortgage Commitments, and Belief That Investing in Children Is More Important Than Paying Off a Large Mortgage (% of respondents), March 2008
- 11. Company Profiles
- ABBEY NATIONAL PLC
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Innovations
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Table 46: Financial Results for Abbey National PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2004-2006
- Future Company Developments
- BARCLAYS PLC
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Table 47: Financial Results for Barclays PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007
- Future Company Developments
- BRADFORD & BINGLEY PLC
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Bradford & Bingley PLC
- Table 48: Financial Results for Bradford & Bingley PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007
- Mortgage Express
- Table 49: Financial Results for Mortgage Express (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007
- Future Company Developments
- EGG BANKING PLC
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Table 50: Financial Results for Egg Banking PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2004-2006
- Future Company Developments
- HBOS PLC
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Table 51: Financial Results for HBOS PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007
- Future Company Developments
- LLOYDS TSB GROUP PLC
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Table 52: Financial Results for Lloyds TSB Group PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007
- Future Company Developments
- NATIONWIDE BUILDING SOCIETY
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Innovations
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Table 53: Financial Results for Nationwide Building Society (£000), Years Ending 1st April 2003-2007
- Future Company Developments
- NORTHERN ROCK PLC
- Corporate Strategy
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- New Product and Brand Development
- Innovations
- Advertising and Marketing
- Distribution
- Profitability
- Table 54: Financial Results for Northern Rock PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007
- Future Company Developments
- 12. The Future
- ECONOMIC FORECASTS
- The Economy
- Unemployment
- Table 55: Forecast Actual Number of Unemployed Persons (million), 2008-2012
- Inflation
- Table 56: Forecast UK Rate of Inflation (%), 2008-2012
- Population
- Table 57: Forecast UK Resident Population by Sex (000), Mid-Years 2008-2012
- Gross Domestic Product
- Table 58: Forecast UK Growth in Gross Domestic Product in Real Terms (%), 2008-2012
- MARKET FORECASTS
- Market Trends
- Forecast Market Size
- Table 59: The Forecast UK Mortgage Market by Annual Gross Lending (£m), 2008-2012
- Figure 5: The Forecast UK Mortgage Market by Annual Gross Lending (£m), 2008-2012
- Consolidation
- The Branch Network
- The Direct Market
- Supply-Side Factors and Remortgaging
- Regulation
- Demographic Changes
- Table 60: Forecast UK Population by Region (000), 2007, 2011, 2021, 2031, 2041 and 2051
- Table 61: Households in Great Britain by Size (%, million and number), 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2006
- MARKET DYNAMICS
- TECHNOLOGICAL DRIVERS
- RISK
- CONCLUSION
- 13. Further Sources
- Associations
- Publications
- General Sources
- Government Sources
- Other Sources
- Bisnode Sources
AbstractThis report presents the state of the UK mortgage market in the first half of 2008.
It shows that the structure of the market had fundamentally changed within months of the liquidity crisis at Northern Rock, with the dramatic fall from fashion of securitised mortgages.
The mortgage market remains very competitive, as lenders compete to raise their rates and increase their deposit requirements. Consumer confidence is falling, although the real economy shows few signs of the recession that is expected in the US as a result of the fall in house prices.
The price of housing in the UK has ceased to rise, and in some areas is now (as at June 2008) falling, with the danger of negative equity leading to higher risk among lenders.
Consumer sentiment, as expressed by Key Note's sample of 1,001 adults in March 2008, is strongly opposed to unaffordably high mortgage rates, but is well-disposed towards mortgage brokers as well as towards comparator websites. The position of mortgage brokers in a confused and shrinking market is as strong as in a large and complex market. Their role, supported by the new regulatory rules on mortgage lending, is more important when most people seeking a mortgage are concerned about the affordability of the loan and their personal financial risk.
Principles of clarity, transparency and products that fit the borrower's circumstances are prime aspects of the new regulations.
The provision of clear terms of business and comparable offers should make it possible for consumers to reduce the costs of their preferred product to a minimum (albeit that, in the wake of the `credit crunch', the costs of many mortgage products have risen during 2007/2008, including large booking fees in some cases).
Mortgage providers generally offer the same products through indirect and direct channels, although some have become pure direct or indirect operators to reduce their costs and improve margins. The impact of technology will improve the efficiency of the market.
Telephone-mediated mortgages experienced an increase in popularity during the late 1990s, but this channel has not expanded as much in recent years. Internet-mediated sales have not yet fulfilled the expectations of early innovators, and currently are offered by only a small number of firms.
However, sales through branches have held up in recent years. This may be related to the extensive process of applying for and processing mortgages, and to the variety of products that may confuse the applicant.
Key Note concludes that the future of mortgage provision lies with prudent lenders that offer flexible mortgage products to small market segments, using innovative products to minimise risk and to maximise affordability. In such a market, small providers (such as building societies) should perform well, and mortgage brokers, rather than large direct providers, will be the most popular channel of delivery.
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