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Direct Mortgages

Published by: Key Note Publications Ltd

Published: Jun. 1, 2008 - 240 Pages


Table of Contents


Executive Summary

1. Introduction

BACKGROUND

DEFINITION

2. Strategic Overview

MARKET DYNAMICS AND SEGMENTATION

Factors Affecting the Market

Population Trends

Table 1: UK Resident Population Estimates by Sex (000), Mid-Years 2003-2007

Gross Domestic Product

Table 2: UK Gross Domestic Product at Current and Annual Chain-Linked Prices (£m), 2003-2007

Inflation

Table 3: UK Rate of Inflation (%), 2003-2007

Unemployment

Table 4: Actual Number of Unemployed Persons in the UK (million), 2003-2007

Household Disposable Income

Table 5: UK Household Disposable Income Per Capita (£), 2003-2007

Property Transactions

Table 6: Property Transactions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (000 and index 2002/2003=100), Years Ending March 2003-2008

Current Status of the Market and Consumer Trends

Strategic Position

Total Industry Value and Growth

Table 7: The UK Mortgage Market by Gross Lending (£m), 2003-2007

Table 8: The UK Mortgage Market by Monthly Amounts Outstanding and Annualised Number of Approvals (£m, index 2003=100 and 000), as at 31st January 2003-2008 and Annualised 2003-2008

Market Segmentation

By Type of Advance

By Mortgage Repayment Method — First-Time Buyers and Home Movers

Table 9: Mortgage Lending by Repayment Method — First-Time Buyers and Home Movers (% of loans), 2007

DISTRIBUTION

Channel Mix

Table 10: Number of Distribution Channels Offered by Lenders in Great Britain (% of lenders), 2007

Figure 1: Number of Distribution Channels Offered by Lenders in Great Britain (% of lenders), 2007

Direct Distribution Versus Intermediaries

Table 11: Distribution Channel by Type of Advance — All Loans for House Purchase (£bn), 2007

COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE

Table 12: The Top 20 Mortgage Lenders by Rank by Gross Mortgage Lending and Market Share (£bn and %), 2005 and 2006

ADVERTISING

Table 13: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on General Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007

THE CONSUMER

Consumer Confidence

Table 14: Nationwide Consumer Confidence Survey — Spending Confidence Regarding Major Purchases and Household Goods (% of respondents), March 2007-April 2008

Key Note's Consumer Research

Summary

Consumer Attitudes Towards Mortgage Deals, Charges and Interest Rates

"How I Contact My Mortgage Provider Is Not Important, as Long as It Is the Cheapest Deal"

"I Am Happy to Switch Lenders to Get a Better Deal"

"I Think Some Mortgage Lenders Charge Too Much For Remortgaging"

"I Would Put Off Buying a Home When Interest Rates Go Up"

Consumers' Attitudes Towards Mortgage Commitments

"If I Cannot Pay My Mortgage Repayments, I Can Return the Keys and Walk Away"

"Investing in Children is More Important Than Paying Off a Large Mortgage"

Household Savings

Table 15: UK Household Saving Ratio (%), 2003-2007

Table 16: UK Mix-Adjusted House-Price Index — All Dwellings (£ and index 2003=100), 2003-2007

The Housing Market

Table 17: The House Price-to-Earnings Ratio in the UK, Fourth Quarter 2003-2007 and December 2007-February 2008

Figure 2: The House Price-to-Earnings Ratio in the UK, Fourth Quarter 2003-2007 and December 2007-February 2008

THE FUTURE

3. Types of Mortgage

TYPES OF MORTGAGE BY REPAYMENT METHOD

Repayment Mortgages

Overpayments

Interest-Only Mortgages

Endowment Mortgages

ISA Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Interest-Only Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Endowment Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of ISA Mortgages

Consumer Attitudes Towards Interest-Only Mortgages

TYPES OF MORTGAGE BY RATE OF INTEREST

Cashback and Discount-Rate Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Cashback and Discount-Rate Mortgages

Table 18: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Cashback and Discount-Rate Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007

Consumer Attitudes Towards Discount-Rate Mortgages

Fixed-Rate Mortgages

Table 19: End-of-Month Weighted Average Rates of Interest for Standard Variable Mortgages — Banks and Building Societies (%), 31st January 1998-2007 and 31st December 2007-30th April 2008

Main Media Advertising of Fixed-Rate Mortgages

Table 20: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Fixed-Rate Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007

Capped-Rate Mortgages

Tracker Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Tracker Mortgages

Table 21: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Tracker Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007

TYPES OF MORTGAGE BY CIRCUMSTANCES OF BORROWER

Mortgages for First-Time Buyers

Main Media Advertising of Mortgages for First-Time Buyers

Table 22: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Mortgages for First-Time Buyers (£000), Year Ending December 2007

Buy-to-Let Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Buy-to-Let Mortgages

Table 23: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Buy-to-Let Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007

Subprime Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Subprime Mortgages

Self-Certification Mortgages

Lifetime Mortgages and Equity-Release Products

Main Media Advertising of Equity-Release Products

Table 24: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Equity-Release Products (£000), Year Ending December 2007

OTHER TYPES OF MORTGAGE

Flexible Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Flexible Mortgages

Table 25: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Flexible Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007

Offset-Account Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Offset-Account Mortgages

Current-Account Mortgages

Main Media Advertising of Current-Account Mortgages

Consumer Attitudes Towards Current-Account Mortgages

MORTGAGE INDEMNITY GUARANTEES

THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES

Table 26: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged Through Intermediaries in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007

Main Media Advertising of Intermediaries' Mortgages

Table 27: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Intermediaries' Mortgages (£000), Year Ending December 2007

4. Regulation

THE MORTGAGE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS SOURCEBOOK

Guidelines

Suitability of Mortgage Products

The Application Process

Advisers

SMALL MORTGAGES AND INSURANCE INTERMEDIARIES (MIGI) RULES

WHAT THE MORTGAGE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS RULES MEAN FOR THE LENDER

IMPACT ON DIRECT MORTGAGES

5. Branch Sales

MARKET SHARE

Table 28: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged Through Branches in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007

CONSUMER TRENDS

Trust in Advice Regarding the Best Mortgage Deal

"I Trust Advice Given by Independent Mortgage Advisers on the High Street About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"

"I Trust Advice Given by Bank-Branch Staff About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"

"I Trust Advice Given by Building-Society Staff About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"

"I Trust Advice Given by Estate-Agency Staff About Which Mortgage Deal Is Best"

Attitudes Towards Dealing With the Mortgage Provider Face to Face

"You Can Get a Better Deal If You Talk to the Mortgage Company Face to Face"

NUMBER OF BRANCHES

Table 29: UK Branch Networks (number), 2003-2007

6. Telephone Sales

MARKET SHARE

Table 30: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged over the Telephone in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007

CONSUMER TRENDS

Attitudes Towards Arranging a Mortgage Over the Telephone

"I Would Be Happy to Arrange My Mortgage Over the Telephone"

DISTRIBUTION

Table 31: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Telephone (000 and index 2003=100), 2003-2007

Figure 3: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Telephone (000), 2003-2007

7. E-Mortgages

MARKET SHARE

Table 32: Estimated Percentage of Mortgage Loans Arranged Through the Internet in the UK by Volume, 2003-2007

ADVERTISING

CONSUMER TRENDS

Use of Mortgage Comparison Websites

"I Would Visit Comparison Websites That Compare the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Sorts of Mortgage, Before Deciding What Sort of Mortgage I Want"

"I Would Visit Comparison Websites That Compare the Packages and Prices Offered by Many Mortgage Companies, Before Deciding Whom to Contact For a Mortgage"

Attitudes Towards Using the Internet to Make Mortgage Arrangements

"You Can Get a Better Deal If You Deal With the Mortgage Company on the Internet"

"I Would Be Happy to Arrange My Mortgage Over the Internet"

"I Would Be Happy to Take Out a Mortgage With an Online Mortgage Broker"

DISTRIBUTION

Online Applications and Mortgage Processing

Internet Finance

Table 33: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Computer (000 and index 2003=100), 2003-2007

Figure 4: Number of Personal Customers of MBBGs Registered to Access Their Accounts by Computer (000), 2003-2007

Internet Intermediaries

8. An International Perspective

THE US MORTGAGE MARKET

THE EU MORTGAGE MARKET

9. PEST Analysis

POLITICAL FACTORS

Social Exclusion

Property-Owning Democracy

Regulations

ECONOMIC FACTORS

Forced Saving

Labour Market Effects

Capital Market Effects

Land Market Effects

Subprime Lending

SOCIAL FACTORS

Family Life

Social Exclusion

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS

Credit Rating

Security

Efficiency

10. Consumer Dynamics

OVERVIEW

Table 34: Summary of Attitudes Towards Mortgages (% of respondents), March 2008

USE OF MORTGAGE COMPARISON WEBSITES

Use of Comparison Websites to Compare the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Types of Mortgage

Use of Comparison Websites to Compare Mortgage Packages and Prices

Table 35: Use of Comparison Websites to Compare Different Sorts of Mortgage and to Compare the Packages and Prices on Offer (% of respondents), March 2008

LEVEL OF TRUST IN ADVICE ABOUT WHICH MORTGAGE DEAL IS BEST

Independent Mortgage Advisers on the High Street

Bank-Branch Staff

Table 36: Trust in Mortgage Advice From Independent Mortgage Advisers on the High Street and From Bank-Branch Staff (% of respondents), March 2008

Building-Society Staff

Estate-Agency Staff

Table 37: Trust in Mortgage Advice From Building-Society Staff and From Estate-Agency Staff (% of respondents), March 2008

DEALING DIRECT WITH THE MORTGAGE COMPANY — OPINIONS ON THE CHANNEL PROVIDING THE BEST DEALS

Face-to-Face Contact With the Mortgage Company

Dealing With the Mortgage Company on the Internet

Table 38: Opinions That One Can Get a Better Deal Via Face-to-Face Contact With the Mortgage Company or by Dealing With the Mortgage Company on the Internet (% of respondents), March 2008

WILLINGNESS TO ARRANGE A MORTGAGE VIA CHANNELS WITHOUT FACE-TO-FACE CONTACT

Telephone Arrangement of a Mortgage

Internet Arrangement of a Mortgage

Table 39: Willingness to Arrange a Mortgage Over the Telephone or Over the Internet (% of respondents), March 2008

Taking Out a Mortgage Via an Online Mortgage Broker

Table 40: Willingness to Take Out a Mortgage Via an Online Mortgage Broker (% of respondents), March 2008

PREFERENCE FOR THE CHEAPEST DEAL, AND WILLINGNESS TO SWITCH LENDERS TO GET A BETTER DEAL

Preference for the Cheapest Deal as a Priority Rather Than Method of Contact

Willingness to Switch Lender to Get a Better Deal

Table 41: Preference for the Cheapest Deal, and Willingness to Switch Lenders to Get a Better Deal (% of respondents), March 2008

ATTITUDES TOWARDS MORTGAGE COSTS

Excessive Charges For Remortgaging

Effects of Increased Interest Rates

Table 42: Belief That Some Lenders' Remortgaging Charges Are Excessive, and Unwillingness to Buy a House When Interest Rates Rise (% of respondents), March 2008

PREFERENCES REGARDING TYPE OF MORTGAGE DEAL

Discounted Mortgages

Interest-Only Mortgages

Table 43: Preferences for Discounted and Interest-Only Mortgages (% of respondents), March 2008

Current-Account Mortgages

Table 44: Preference For a Mortgage Linked to a Current Account (% of respondents), March 2008

LEVEL OF COMMITMENT TO A MORTGAGE

Attitude That It Is Possible to `Walk Away' From Mortgage Commitments if Unable to Make Repayments

Belief That Investing in Children Is More Important Than Paying Off a Large Mortgage

Table 45: Attitude That It Is Possible to `Walk Away' From Mortgage Commitments, and Belief That Investing in Children Is More Important Than Paying Off a Large Mortgage (% of respondents), March 2008

11. Company Profiles

ABBEY NATIONAL PLC

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Innovations

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Table 46: Financial Results for Abbey National PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2004-2006

Future Company Developments

BARCLAYS PLC

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Table 47: Financial Results for Barclays PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007

Future Company Developments

BRADFORD & BINGLEY PLC

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Bradford & Bingley PLC

Table 48: Financial Results for Bradford & Bingley PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007

Mortgage Express

Table 49: Financial Results for Mortgage Express (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007

Future Company Developments

EGG BANKING PLC

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Table 50: Financial Results for Egg Banking PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2004-2006

Future Company Developments

HBOS PLC

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Table 51: Financial Results for HBOS PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007

Future Company Developments

LLOYDS TSB GROUP PLC

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Table 52: Financial Results for Lloyds TSB Group PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007

Future Company Developments

NATIONWIDE BUILDING SOCIETY

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Innovations

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Table 53: Financial Results for Nationwide Building Society (£000), Years Ending 1st April 2003-2007

Future Company Developments

NORTHERN ROCK PLC

Corporate Strategy

Strengths and Weaknesses

New Product and Brand Development

Innovations

Advertising and Marketing

Distribution

Profitability

Table 54: Financial Results for Northern Rock PLC (£000, number, % and £), Years Ending 31st December 2005-2007

Future Company Developments

12. The Future

ECONOMIC FORECASTS

The Economy

Unemployment

Table 55: Forecast Actual Number of Unemployed Persons (million), 2008-2012

Inflation

Table 56: Forecast UK Rate of Inflation (%), 2008-2012

Population

Table 57: Forecast UK Resident Population by Sex (000), Mid-Years 2008-2012

Gross Domestic Product

Table 58: Forecast UK Growth in Gross Domestic Product in Real Terms (%), 2008-2012

MARKET FORECASTS

Market Trends

Forecast Market Size

Table 59: The Forecast UK Mortgage Market by Annual Gross Lending (£m), 2008-2012

Figure 5: The Forecast UK Mortgage Market by Annual Gross Lending (£m), 2008-2012

Consolidation

The Branch Network

The Direct Market

Supply-Side Factors and Remortgaging

Regulation

Demographic Changes

Table 60: Forecast UK Population by Region (000), 2007, 2011, 2021, 2031, 2041 and 2051

Table 61: Households in Great Britain by Size (%, million and number), 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2006

MARKET DYNAMICS

TECHNOLOGICAL DRIVERS

RISK

CONCLUSION

13. Further Sources

Associations

Publications

General Sources

Government Sources

Other Sources

Bisnode Sources

Abstract

This report presents the state of the UK mortgage market in the first half of 2008.

It shows that the structure of the market had fundamentally changed within months of the liquidity crisis at Northern Rock, with the dramatic fall from fashion of securitised mortgages.

The mortgage market remains very competitive, as lenders compete to raise their rates and increase their deposit requirements. Consumer confidence is falling, although the real economy shows few signs of the recession that is expected in the US as a result of the fall in house prices.

The price of housing in the UK has ceased to rise, and in some areas is now (as at June 2008) falling, with the danger of negative equity leading to higher risk among lenders.

Consumer sentiment, as expressed by Key Note's sample of 1,001 adults in March 2008, is strongly opposed to unaffordably high mortgage rates, but is well-disposed towards mortgage brokers as well as towards comparator websites. The position of mortgage brokers in a confused and shrinking market is as strong as in a large and complex market. Their role, supported by the new regulatory rules on mortgage lending, is more important when most people seeking a mortgage are concerned about the affordability of the loan and their personal financial risk.

Principles of clarity, transparency and products that fit the borrower's circumstances are prime aspects of the new regulations.

The provision of clear terms of business and comparable offers should make it possible for consumers to reduce the costs of their preferred product to a minimum (albeit that, in the wake of the `credit crunch', the costs of many mortgage products have risen during 2007/2008, including large booking fees in some cases).

Mortgage providers generally offer the same products through indirect and direct channels, although some have become pure direct or indirect operators to reduce their costs and improve margins. The impact of technology will improve the efficiency of the market.

Telephone-mediated mortgages experienced an increase in popularity during the late 1990s, but this channel has not expanded as much in recent years. Internet-mediated sales have not yet fulfilled the expectations of early innovators, and currently are offered by only a small number of firms.

However, sales through branches have held up in recent years. This may be related to the extensive process of applying for and processing mortgages, and to the variety of products that may confuse the applicant.

Key Note concludes that the future of mortgage provision lies with prudent lenders that offer flexible mortgage products to small market segments, using innovative products to minimise risk and to maximise affordability. In such a market, small providers (such as building societies) should perform well, and mortgage brokers, rather than large direct providers, will be the most popular channel of delivery.

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