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Published by: Mintel International Group Ltd.
Published: May. 1, 2008 - 89 Pages
Table of Contents
- Issues in the Market
- Main issues
- Definition
- Abbreviations
- Market in Brief
- Eating out industry faces ‘triple whammy’
- ‘We couldn’t do it without them’, say operators
- Migrants are hard workers, in contrast to many UK workers
- Language barrier is biggest drawback of migrants
- Ethnic restaurants particularly badly hit by new system
- Signs of slowdown in flow of Eastern Europeans into industry
- Figure 1: Trends in number of newly registered A8 workers in the catering sector, by occupation, 2004-07
- Existing non-EU staff may have to go
- An uncertain future for employers
- Internal Market Environment
- Key points
- Trends in the number of hospitality and catering migrant workers
- Figure 2: Nationality of WRS registered workers in the hospitality and catering sector, 2004-07
- Figure 3: Geographical distribution of WRS registered workers in the hospitality and catering sector, 2004-07
- Figure 4: Top sectors in which WRS registered workers are employed, 2004-07
- Figure 5: Catering occupations in which WRS registered workers are employed, 2004-07
- Immigration points-based system to cause major headaches
- What is the points system and how does it affect the eating out industry?
- How the system works
- Attributes
- Language skills
- Maintenance
- What are the main objections to the scheme among operators?
- How important are formal qualifications?
- How vital are language skills?
- Must it be retrospectively applied to workers already in the UK?
- SBS scheme workers can stay
- What is being done to try and change the system?
- Where now?
- Language barrier low down the list of customer concerns
- Figure 6: Negative factors of customer service likely to affect restaurant visiting, January 2008
- Takeaway troubles on the horizon
- Figure 7: Consumption of takeaway foods in the last 12 months, 2003-07
- Price rises pile pressure on restaurateurs
- Figure 8: Trends in the cost of restaurant meals compared to all items and food prices, 2002-07
- UK’s cosmopolitan consumers
- Figure 9: Types of restaurants visited in the last three months, 2003-07
- Figure 10: Agreement with selected lifestyle statements, 2003-07
- The ethical consumer?
- Figure 11: Agreement with selected lifestyle statements, 2003-07
- Broader Market Environment
- Key point
- Migration patterns
- Figure 12: Migration patterns in the UK, 1997-2006
- Figure 13: Migration patterns by citizenship, 2002-06
- The impact of accession on migration
- Figure 14: Migration balance by EU nations, 2004-06
- Figure 15: National Insurance numbers issued to non-UK nationals, by country of origin, 2005/06 and 2006/07
- PDI has driven immigration, though eating out growth
- Figure 16: Trends in personal disposable income and consumer expenditure, 2003-13
- AB growth positive in several ways
- Figure 17: Forecast adult population trends, by socio-economic group, 2003-13
- Figure 18: Forecast adult population trends, by lifestage, 2001-13
- Shortage of front-of-house workers on the cards?
- Figure 19: Trends in the age structure of the UK population, by gender, 2003-13
- Strengths and Weaknesses in the Market
- Strengths
- Widespread availability of migrant workers
- Strong work ethic of migrant workers
- Reliability and flexibility
- Fast learners
- ‘Authentic’ skills-base
- Weaknesses
- Over-dependence on migrant workers
- The transient nature of the job
- Points-based system could reduce potential ‘talent pool’ of employees
- Language barrier
- Concerned customers
- Competitive Context
- Key points
- Eating out: Britons’ biggest area of leisure spend
- Figure 20: Consumer expenditure on selected leisure goods and activities, 2003-07
- Size and growth of sector makes it attractive to migrants
- Market Size and Forecast
- Key points
- Figure 21: The UK market for eating out*, 2003-13
- Segment Performance
- Key points
- Figure 22: The UK market for eating out, * by sector, 2003-07
- Fast food, pubs ideal for migrants due to plethora of low grade positions
- Stagnating ethnic sector
- How Important are Migrant Workers to the Eating Out Industry?
- An industry heavily dependent on migrant workers…
- …and increasingly so
- Migrant workers drive industry’s recent growth…
- …continuing a trend of many years
- Why the boom in the proportion of migrant workers?
- Are there areas where there are more migrant workers than average?
- What are the Advantages of Employing Migrant Workers?
- A blank canvas
- The work ethic
- Needs must
- Promotion potential?
- What are the Disadvantages of Employing Migrant Workers?
- Poor language skills
- How poor language skills have manifested themselves
- Strategies for countering problems with language
- The multi-national, multi-ethnic melting pot
- The transient nature of the job
- How is the Points-Based System Impacting on the Industry?
- A8 boom may have given false picture
- Market dynamics quite different from Australia
- More misery for operators?
- Ethnic sector to be particularly badly hit
- Lower-grade kitchen staff biggest area of concern for ethnic restaurants
- Other restaurants employing non-EU staff also face problems
- Training provision in the UK: overlooked?
- What do People Really Think About Immigration?
- Key points
- Figure 23: Agreement with statements about immigration, March 2008
- Strong feelings and contradictory opinions about immigration
- Commitment most important to younger people
- Multi-cultural Britain: a generational thing
- Worries about immigration peak among older people
- Too many immigrants also concern for older people
- Discomfort with large immigrant communities also an age/class thing
- Younger people least likely to think about immigration
- Clear correlation between tolerance and concerns about immigration
- Figure 24: A greement with statements about immigration, by agreement with statements about immigration, March 2008
- Average age
- Figure 25: Average age of respondents, by agreement with statements on immigration, March 2008
- Appendix: What do People Really Think About Immigration?
- Agreement with ‘I worry about the level of immigration in the UK’, by detailed demographics
- Figure 26: Agreement with “I worry about the level of immigration in the UK”, by detailed demographics, March 2008
- Agreement with ‘It's nothing to do with me, I don’t think about it’, by detailed demographics
- Figure 27: Agreement with “It's nothing to do with me, I don’t think about it”, by detailed demographics, March 2008
- Agreement with ‘It is a good thing that Britain is such a multicultural society’, by detailed demographics
- Figure 28: Agreement with “It is a good thing that Britain is such a multicultural society”, by detailed demographics, March 2008
- Agreement with ‘As long as people are committed to the UK it doesn't matter what ethnic/national background they are from’, by detailed demographics
- Figure 29: Agreement with “As long as people are committed to the UK it doesn't matter what ethnic/national background they are from”, by detailed demographics, March 2008
- Agreement with ‘I don't feel comfortable in areas with large immigrant communities’, by detailed demographics
- Figure 30: Agreement with “I don't feel comfortable in areas with large immigrant communities”, by detailed demographics, March 2008
- Agreement with ‘There are too many immigrants in this country already’, by detailed demographics
- Figure 31: Agreement with “There are too many immigrants in this country already”, by detailed demographics, March 2008
AbstractMigrant workers have always been a key part of the eating out industry, traditionally providing a source of readily available labour, particularly in low-grade and unskilled positions, where there has been a shortage of UK residents due to a stigma on hospitality careers. With the accession of the so-called A8 countries, including Poland and Lithuania, in May 2004, there was a fresh and large influx of employees into the hospitality trade generally, which has facilitated the continued growth of the eating out market and enabled major chain operators to expand their estates.
It is now widely acknowledged within the industry that it could not operate without the significant migrant workforce underpinning its foundations. However, there is cause for concern on several fronts such as the fact that the number of people entering the catering sector from the A8 countries is declining. Furthermore a new immigration system is to be introduced shortly which threatens to force many existing non-EU restaurant staff to return home and will severely restrict operators’ ability to recruit people from countries outside the EU.
This report assesses the current status of the eating out industry in terms of its reliance on migrant workers, the factors that are driving the use of migrant workers and the growth of the industry. It also attempts to outline the trade’s perspective on a range of issues related to immigration, not least of which is the points-based system which threatens to severely destabilise the industry, particularly the ethnic restaurants sector, which derives the vast majority of its employees from non-EU countries. The report considers the hypothesis that ‘the major impact of immigration on the eating out industry has been at an operational level’ as opposed to creating opportunities for new restaurant formats targeting the immigrant community.
Main themes of the report:
- Extent of industry’s reliance on migrant workers.
- Potential slowdown in influx of migrant workers from A8 countries.
- Reduction of pool of non-EU employees for industry in wake of introduction of points-based system.
- Threat to long-term prospects for ethnic restaurants sector.
- Need for more training in the UK to compensate for shortages.
- Potential stimulation of eating out formats/menu flavours.
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