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5th Annual Report and Survey of Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Capacity

Published by: BioPlan Associates, Inc.

Published: Apr. 1, 2008


Table of Contents


Overview

Methodology

CHAPTER 1: Introduction and Discussion

Introduction

1-1 U.S. and World Biopharmaceutical Markets

1-2 Continuing Need for Production Improvements and Cost Containment

CHAPTER 2: Demographics

Respondents’ Area of Involvement

Respondents’ Titles

Respondents’ Facility Locations

Respondents’ Areas of Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Operations

Respondents’ Production Operations, Phase of Development

CHAPTER 3: Capacity Utilization

3-1 Changes in Capacity Utilization (2003-2007)

3-2 Capacity Utilization: CMOs vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

3-3 Capacity Utilization: US vs. Western European Manufacturers

3-4 Respondents’ Current Total Production Capacity

Mammalian Cell Culture

Estimated Bioreactor Capacity Distribution, Biotherapeutic Developers and CMOs

Microbial Fermentation

Yeast Production

Insect Cells

3-5 Discussion: Current State of Capacity Utilization

3-6 Range of Titres for MAb Production

3-7 Discussion

CHAPTER 4: Current Capacity Constraints

4-1 Current Capacity Constraints

Respondents’ Perception of Capacity Constraints

Respondents’ Perception of Capacity Constraints, 2003-2007

Perception of Capacity Constraints in 2007:

CMOs vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

Perception of Capacity Constraints in 2007: US vs. European

Biotherapeutic Developers & CMOs

4-2 Expected Capacity Constraints4-7

Respondents’ Expectations of Capacity Constraints by 2012

Expected Capacity Constraints by 2012: 2003 to 2007 Data

Expected Capacity Constraints by 2012:

CMO vs. Biotherapeutic Developer

4-3 Factors Impacting Future Production Capacity

Factors Creating Future Capacity Constraints

Factors Creating Future Capacity Constraints:

CMOs vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

Factors Creating Capacity Constraints:

US vs. European Respondents

4-4 Key Areas to Address to Avoid Future Capacity Constraints

Analysis of Areas to Avoid; Changing Perspectives, 2005-2007

Key Areas to Address to Avoid Capacity Constraints: CMOs vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

Key Areas to Address to Avoid Capacity Constraints: US vs. European Respondents

4-5 Discussion

CHAPTER 5: Future Capacity Expansions

5-1 Planned Future Capacity Expansions

Planned Future Capacity Expansions, 2008 vs. 2012

Planned Future Capacity Expansions by 2012, CMOs vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

Planned Capacity Expansions by 2012: US vs. Western European Manufacturers

Planned Future Capacity Expansions of >100%

5-2 Current Outsourcing, by Production System

Facilities Currently Outsourcing No Production, 2005-2007

5-3 Future Outsourcing

Biotherapeutic Developers’ Outsourcing, 2012 Projections, by System

Biotherapeutic Developers’ Outsourcing Some Production in 2012

5-4 Critical Outsourcing Issues

Selecting a CMO: 2007

Selecting a CMO, 2005-2007

Difficulty in Finding a CMO with Available Capacity

5-5 Discussion: Selecting a CMO

CHAPTER 6: Disposables and Single-Use Systems in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

6-1 Use of Disposables and Single-Use Systems

Use of Disposables, 2007 vs. 20066

Annual Growth Rates for Disposables

Disposable Use by Stage of Production/Application

Newly Introduced Disposable Applications

Downstream Operations that are now 100% Disposable

Leachables and Extractables

Use of Disposables: CMOs vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

6-2 Reasons for Increasing Use of Disposables &

Single-Use Systems

Reasons for Increased Use of Disposables,

2005 through 2007

Reasons for Increased Use of Disposables,

2007 vs. 2006 CMOs vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

Single Most Critical Reason for Increasing Use Disposables

6-3 Factors Restricting Use of Disposables

Reasons for Restricting Usage of Disposables

Reasons for Restricting Expanded Use of Disposables: 2006 vs. 2007

Reasons for Restricting Expanded Use of Disposables: CMO’s vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

Most Critical Reasons for Restricting Use of Disposables

Most Critical Reasons for Restricting Use of Disposables: US vs. European Respondents

6-4 Current Spending on Disposable Systems

Spending on Disposable Systems, 2006-2007

Current Spending on Disposables: CMO’s vs. Biotherapeutic

Developers

Growth in Spending on Disposable Systems, 2006-2007

Budget Increase for Disposable and Single use Components in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

6-5 Scale of Use of Disposables

Switching from Disposables in Late Stage Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

6-6 Satisfaction with Vendors of Disposable and Single Use

Components for Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

6-7 Discussion

CHAPTER 7: Downstream Purification

7-1 Impact of Downstream Processing on Capacity

Impact of Downstream Processing on Capacity, US vs. Western European Biomanufacturers

Impact of Downstream Processing on Capacity, Biopharmaceutical Developers vs. CMOs

7-2 Specific Purification Step Constraints

Specific Purification Step Constraints, US vs. Western European Biomanufacturers

7-3 Downstream Purification Issues Facing the Industry Today

7-4 Areas Where Major Improvements will Occur in

Downstream Processing

Membrane Technology: Opinions

Moving Bed Technology: Opinions

7-5 Problem Areas in Downstream Operations

7-6 Microfiltration Problems in Biopharmaceutical

Downstream Processing

7-7 Discussion

CHAPTER 8: Quality Issues, Batch Failures, and PAT in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Introduction

8-1 Process Analytical Technology

8-2 Hurdles to Implementing Process Analytical Technology

8-3 Batch Failure Frequency in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

8-4 Primary Cause of Batch Failures, Percentages in

Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

8-5 Quality Problems Traced to Vendors in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

CHAPTER 9: Hiring, Employment Growth, and Training in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Introduction

9-1 Hiring in 2008

9-2 Hiring in 2012

9-3 Formal Education Requirements in Biopharmaceutical Workforce

Level of Biopharmaceutical Workforce Education, 2006 vs. 2011 Estimate

9-4 Training in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Additional Training Needed

9-5 Discussion

CHAPTER 10: Suppliers to Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing and Life Sciences

Introduction

10-1 Demographics

Areas of Involvement

Location of Vendor Sales

Respondents’ Primary Job

10-2 Growth Rate of Sales by Suppliers

Average Industry Growth Rate, Distribution

Average Industry Growth Rate, By Segment

Industry Growth Rate, 2006 vs. 2007

10-3 Discussion: Industry Growth Rates

10-4 Supplier Issues

Problems Faced by Suppliers

Problems Faced by Vendors’ Clients

10-5 Discussion: Supplier Issues

10-6 Sales Staff Training

Days of Training Provided

Areas Where More Training Needed, Sales Staff vs. All Staff

10-7 Vendor Business Longevity

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1.1 Current Worldwide Pipeline, Large Molecules, 2008

Fig. 2.1 Area of Involvement in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Fig. 2.2 Respondents’ Job Responsibilities

Fig. 2.3 Facility Location

Fig. 2.4 Facility Location, by Region

Fig. 2.5 Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Systems

Fig. 2.6 Phase of Development

Fig. 3.1 Capacity Utilization 2003-2007

Fig. 3.2 Capacity Utilization, CAGR 2003-2007

Fig. 3.3 Capacity Utilization, by System, Comparing CMOs vs Biotherapeutic Developers

Fig. 3.4 Capacity Utilization, by System, Comparing US vs Western European Biomanufacturers

Fig. 3.5 Current Production Capacity Distribution, Mammalian Cell Culture

Fig. 3.6 Estimated Bioreactor Capacity Distribution, by Biotherapeutic Developer (2006 vs 2010)

Fig 3.7 Estimated Bioreactor Capacity Distribution, by Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMO), 2006 vs 2010

Fig. 3.8 Current Production Capacity Distribution, Microbial Fermentation

Fig. 3.9 Current Production Capacity Distribution, Yeast Systems

Fig. 3.10 Current Production Capacity Distribution, Insect Systems

Fig 3.14 Range of Titers Being Obtained in MAb Production, Commercial vs Late-stage Clinical Scale Production

Fig. 4.1 Capacity Constraint, by Stage of Production

Fig. 4.2 Capacity Constraint, 2003 vs 2007

Fig. 4.3 Capacity Constraint, Biotherapeutic Developers vs CMOs

Fig. 4.4 Capacity Constraints, US vs. Europe

Fig. 4.5 Expectations of Capacity Constraints by 2012

Fig. 4.6 Five-year Projections for Capacity Constraints: 2003-2007

Fig. 4.7 Five-year Projections for Capacity Constraints: Biotherapeutic Developers vs. CMOs

Fig. 4.8 Factors Creating Future Capacity Constraints

Fig. 4.9 Factors Creating Future Capacity Constraints, CMOs vs Biotherapeutic Developers

Fig. 4.10 Factors Creating Future Capacity Constraints, US vs Western European Biomanufacturers

Fig. 4-11 Key Areas to Address to Avoid Capacity Constraints

Fig. 4-12 Key Areas to Address to Avoid Capacity Constraints, 2005-2007

Fig. 4.13 Key Areas to Avoid Capacity Constraints, CMOs vs Biotherapeutic Developers

Fig. 4.14 Key Areas to Avoid Capacity Constraints, US vs W. European Biomanufactures

Fig. 5.1 Industry Average Planned Production Increase by 2012

Fig. 5.2 Planned Future Capacity Expansion: 5-year Estimates, 2008 through 2012

Fig. 5.3 Planned Future Capacity Expansion: 5-year Estimates, 2008 through 2012; Biotherapeutic Developers vs CMOs

Fig. 5.4 Planned Future Capacity Expansion: 5-year Estimates, 2008 through 2012; US vs Western Europe

Fig. 5.5 Percent of Respondents Projecting Production Increases of over 100% by 2012

Fig. 5.6 Current Percentage Production Outsourced by System, 2007

Fig. 5.7 Percent Biotherapeutic Developers Outsourcing NO production, 2007 vs 2006 vs 2005

Fig. 5.8 Future Outsourcing: Percent Production Outsourced in 2012, by System

Fig. 5.9 Five-year Projections: Percent Biotherapeutic Developers Planning to Outsource at Least Some Production, 2012 vs 2011

Fig. 5.10 Issues of Greatest Importance when Considering Outsourcing Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Fig. 5.11 Critical Issues When Selecting a CMO, 2005-2007

Fig. 5.12 Difficulties in Finding CMOs with Available Capacity

Fig. 6.1 Usage of Disposables in Biomanufacturing, Any Stage, 2005-2007

Fig. 6.2 Disposables’ Increased Market Penetration: Percentage Point Market Gain, 2006-2007

Fig. 6.3 Usage of Disposables in Biomanufacturing, by Stage of Manufacturing, Early R&D through Commercial Production

Fig. 6.4 Newly Introduced Disposables, Past 12 Months

Fig. 6.5 Percent of Respondents where Downstream Operations are 100% Disposable, by Application

Fig. 6.6 Perceptions and Opinions on Leachables and Extractables: Testing, Validation, Costs

Fig. 6.7 Usage of Disposables in Biomanufacturing, CMOs vs Biotherapeutic Developers

Fig. 6.8 Reasons for Increasing Use of Disposable System Components

Fig. 6.9 Reasons for Increasing Use of Disposable System Components, 2005-2007

Fig. 6.10 Reasons for Increasing Use of Disposable System Components, CMOs vs Biotherapeutic Developers

Fig. 6.11 Most Critical Reason for Increasing Use of Disposables

Fig. 6.12 Reasons for Restricting Use of Disposables

Fig. 6.13 Reasons for Restricting Use of Disposables: 2006 vs 2007

Fig. 6.14 Reasons for Restricting Use of Disposables: CMOs vs Biotherapeutic Developers

Fig. 6.15 Most Critical Reason for Not Increasing Use of Disposables

Fig. 6.16 Most Critical Reasons for Not Increasing Use of Disposables: US vs Western Europe

Fig. 6.17 Average Spending on Single-use Disposable System Components

Fig. 6.18 Average Spending on Disposable System Components: 2006 vs 2007

Fig. 6.19 Average Spending on Disposable System Components: CMO’s vs. Biotherapeutic Developers

Fig. 6.20 Annual Growth Rate in Spending on Disposable System Components

Fig. 6.21 Expected Budgetary Increases for Disposables Over Next 12 Months

Fig. 6.22 Rejecting Disposable Devices, Based on Scale of Production

Fig 6.23 Switching from Disposables to Fixed Systems in Late-stage Biomanufacturing

Fig. 6.24 Satisfaction with Vendors of Disposables for Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Fig. 7.1 Impact of Downstream Processing on Overall Capacity

Fig. 7.2 Impact of Downstream Processing on Overall Capacity, US vs Western European Biomanufacturers

Fig. 7.3 Impact of Downstream Processing on Overall Capacity, Biopharmaceutical Developers vs CMOs

Fig. 7.4 Impact of Purification Steps on Overall Capacity

Fig. 7.5 Impact of Purification Steps on Overall Capacity: US vs Western European Biomanufacturers

Fig. 7.6 Downstream Purification Issues Affecting Biopharmaceutical Production

Fig. 7.7 Areas Where Major Improvements in Purification Processes May Occur in the Next Five Years (2012)

Fig. 7.8 Problem Areas in Downstream Operations

Fig 7.9 Problems Involving Microfiltration Steps in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Fig. 8.1 Implementation of Process Analytical Technology (PAT): New vs Existing Biomanufacturing Processes

Fig. 8.2 Hurdles Hindering Implementation of PAT

Fig. 8.3 Batch Failure Frequency

Fig. 8.4 Primary Causes of Batch Failures, by Facility Capacity

Fig. 8.5 Quality Problems Traced to Vendors

Fig. 9.1 New Hires in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing, 2008

Fig. 9.2 New Hires in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing, 2012

Fig. 9.3 Comparison of Percent of Workforce with Specific Education Levels (2006 Data)

Fig. 9.4 Training Time for New Operations/Manufacturing Employees

Fig. 9.5 Areas Where “Very high” or “High” Need for Additional Training is Require

Fig. 10.1 Primary Products or Services Area

Fig. 10.2 Geographic Locations in which Vendors Currently Actively Sell Products or Services

Fig. 10.3 Respondents’ Primary Job Function

Fig. 10.4 Biopharmaceutical Supply Market Segment Sales Growth

Fig. 10.5 Average Industry Growth Rate, By Segment

Fig. 10.6 Supplier Segment Growth Rate, 2006 vs. 2007

Fig. 10.7 Problems Faced by Suppliers to Biopharmaceutical Manufacturers and CMOs

Fig. 10.8 Days of Sales Staff Training Provided

Fig. 10.9 Areas Where Training May Help Sales Staff Perform Better

Fig. 10.10 Vendor Business Longevity

Tables

Table 1.1 Biologics (Large Molecule), Worldwide, through February 2008

Table 1.2 Summary All Therapeutics vs Biologics (Large Molecule), Worldwide, through February 2008

Table 1.3 Worldwide Pipeline, Large Molecules, by Therapeutic Area, 2008

Table 1.4 Worldwide Biopharmaceutical Revenue by Product Class

Table 1.5 Biopharmaceutical Blockbusters: >$1 billion revenue in 2006, and Expression Systems/Host Cells

Table 1.6 Biopharmaceutical World Markets - Products and Revenue, by Class

Abstract

This report is the fifth in our annual evaluations of the state of the biopharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The strength of the methodology remains in its breadth of coverage, which yields a composite view from the respondents closest to the industry. This year, BioPlan Associates, Inc. surveyed 434 responsible individuals at biopharmaceutical manufacturers and contract manufacturing organizations in 39 countries around the world. The survey methodology also, separately, provided data from an additional 126 direct suppliers of materials, services and equipment to this industry segment. Using a web-based survey tool, we obtained and evaluated information regarding respondents' current capacity, production, novel technology adoption, human resources, and outsourcing issues. We assessed respondents' projected reasons for bottlenecks, and their perception of how these bottlenecks might be resolved. This year, we brought in experts from the industry to provide in-depth analysis of the events shaping the past year, and the trends that will shape biopharmaceutical manufacturing in 2008-2013.

Our subject matter experts include: Eileen Bartholomew, Senior Consultant, PharmaBioSource, Inc. Geoff Hodge, Vice President, Technology, Xcellerex Beth H. Junker, PhD, Senior Director, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories Vladimir Kostyukovsky, Senior Director, Manufacturing, Artisan Pharma Inc. Sean P. McKee, Senior Consultant, PharmaBioSource, Inc. Mark J. Stramaglia, Senior Product Manager, Invitrogen Corporation Scott Wheelwright, President and Founder, Strategic Manufacturing Worldwide William B. Wiederseim, President & CEO, PharmaBioSource, Inc.

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