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Published by: Asia Pacific Telecom Research Ltd
Published: Jan. 1, 2008 - 243 Pages
Table of Contents
- COUNTRY OVERVIEW
- Introduction
- History
- Geography
- Population
- Population Size and Growth, 2005 to 2010
- Number of Households and Annual Growth, 2005 to 2010
- People per Household, 2005 to 2010
- Politics
- Economy
- Summary
- TELECOM OVERVIEW
- Background
- Current Situation
- Environment
- Operator Overview
- Regulatory authority
- Network Infrastructure
- Local Network
- Long Distance Network
- International Network
- Mobile Telephone Network
- National Satellite Programme
- Statistical Summary
- Further Information
- Summary
- REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
- Background
- Current Situation
- Telecommunications Policy
- Policy Objectives
- Operational Principles
- Legislation
- The Telecommunications Ordinance 1989
- Telecommunications (Amendment) Ordinance 2000
- Relevant Government Department
- Regulatory Body
- Role
- Structure
- Type II Interconnection
- Fair Competition
- Digital Terrestrial Television
- Foreign Ownership
- Summary
- LOCAL SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Access Lines in Service
- Business Lines in Service and Annual Growth, 2005 to 2010
- Residential Lines in Service and Annual Growth, 2005 to 2010
- Total Lines in Service, 2005-2010
- Percentage Change in Fixed Lines in Service, 2005 to 2010
- Lines per 100 Population, 2005 to 2010
- Service Providers
- Tariffs
- Further Information
- Summary
- LONG DISTANCE SERVICES
- Introduction
- INTERNATIONAL SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Volume of International Traffic
- Volume of Outgoing Traffic and Annual Growth, 2005 to 2010
- Volume of Incoming Traffic and Annual Growth, 2005 to 2010
- Total Volume of International Traffic, 2005 to 2010
- Annual Growth of International Traffic, 2005 to 2010
- Volume of International Traffic per Capita, 2005 to 2010
- Growth in Per Capita International Traffic, 2005 to 2010
- External Fixed Network Operators
- Tariffs
- Choosing an Operator
- Summary
- MOBILE TELEPHONE SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Number of Subscribers
- Pre-Paid Subscribers and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- Post-Paid Subscribers and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- Total Number of Subscribers, 2005-2010
- Number and Growth of Subscribers, 2005 to 2010
- Penetration of Mobile Phones, 2005 to 2010
- Licensees
- Market Consolidation
- Market Shares
- Tariffs
- China Mobile Peoples
- CSL New World Mobility Ltd
- Hutchison Telecom
- SmarTone-Vodafone
- Number Portability
- CT2 Services
- Further Information
- Summary
- WIRELESS DATA SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- WAP Services
- WAP Start Dates
- WAP Tariffs
- General Packet Radio Services
- GPRS Start Dates
- GPRS Tariffs
- Short Messaging Services
- SMS Tariffs
- Multimedia Messaging Services
- MMS Start Dates
- MMS Tariffs
- 3G Licensing
- Selection of Licensees
- Licensees
- Other Licence Conditions
- Launch of 3G Services
- 3G Subscribers
- Number and Growth of Subscribers, 2005 to 2010
- 3G Subscribers as Proportion of All Mobile Subscribers, 2005-2010
- 3G Subscribers as Proportion of Population, 2005-2010
- The Asia Mobility Initiative
- Further Information
- Summary
- BROADBAND SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Number of Subscribers
- Number and Annual Growth of Subscribers, 2005 to 2010
- Penetration of Broadband Use, 2005 to 2010
- Networks
- Local Loop Networks
- HFC Cable Network
- Local Multi-Point Distribution Systems
- Wireless LANs
- 3G Mobile Networks
- Market Shares
- Applications
- Network of the World
- Interactive TV
- Further Information
- Summary
- INTERNET SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Regulatory Position
- Number of Subscribers
- Number and Annual Growth of Subscribers, 2005 to 2010
- Penetration of Internet Use, 2005 to 2010
- Key Drivers of Internet Usage
- Level of Disposable Income
- Line Availability
- Line Quality
- Number of ISPs
- Localised Content
- Key Inhibitors of Internet Usage
- Internet Telephony
- Internet Service Providers
- Electronic Service Delivery Scheme
- Further Information
- Summary
- ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
- Background
- Current Situation
- Legislation
- Electronic Transactions Ordinance
- Electronic Transactions (Amendment) Bill
- Market Overview
- Value of E-Commerce
- Value of B2B E-Commerce, 2005 to 2010
- Value of B2C E-Commerce, 2005 to 2010
- Value of B2G E-Commerce, 2005 to 2010
- Total Value of E-Commerce, 2005 to 2010
- Growth of E-Commerce, 2005 to 2010
- Per Capita Spend on E-Commerce, 2005 to 2010
- Public Key Infrastructure
- Drivers of E-Commerce
- Industries
- Environment
- Further Information
- Summary
- PAGING SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Number of Subscribers
- Number and Growth of Paging Subscribers, 2005 to 2010
- Penetration Level, 2005 to 2010
- Service Providers
- Further Information
- Summary
- TRUNKED RADIO SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Number of TRS Stations
- Number and Growth of TRS Stations, 2005 to 2010
- Penetration of TRS Services, 2005 to 2010
- Operators
- Summary
- CABLE AND SATELLITE INFRASTRUCTURE
- Background
- Current Situation
- Regulatory Changes
- Terrestrial Cables
- Submarine Cables
- Cable Operators
- Satellites
- Satellite Operators
- Domestic Satellite Operators
- AsiaSat
- Asia Pacific Telecommunications Satellite Company
- Summary
- PAY-TV SERVICES
- Background
- Current Situation
- Regulatory Changes
- Merging the Regulators
- Pay-TV Licensees
- Current Operators
- Galaxy Satellite Broadband
- Hong Kong Broadband Network
- i-Cable Communications
- Pacific Century Cyberworks
- Services Available
- Pay-TV Service Statistics
- Number and Annual Growth of Pay-TV Subscribers, 2005 to 2010
- Pay-TV Subscribers per 100 Households, 2005 to 2010
- Tariffs
- Further Information
- Summary
- COMPANY PROFILES
- China Mobile Peoples Telephone Co Ltd
- Introduction
- Milestones
- Shareholders
- Products and Services
- WAP Portal
- Roaming
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- CSL New World Mobility Ltd
- Introduction
- Major Shareholders
- Milestones
- Services Available
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Hutchison Global Communications Ltd
- Introduction
- Milestones
- Services Available
- Local
- International
- Internet
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Hutchison Telephone Ltd
- Introduction
- Milestones
- Hong Kong Operations
- Mobile Phone Services
- Paging Services
- Trunked Radio Services
- Alliances
- NTT DoCoMo
- Hutchison 3G UK
- Research and Development
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- i-Cable Communications Ltd
- Introduction
- Milestones
- Network
- Strategy and Market Positioning
- Pay-TV
- Internet and Multimedia Services
- Telecommunications
- Financial Situation
- i-Cable’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, 2006 and 2005
- i-Cable’s Profit and Loss Statement, 2006 and 2005
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- New World Telecom Co Ltd
- Introduction
- Milestones
- Services Available
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Pacific Century Cyberworks Co Ltd
- Introduction
- Corporate Background
- Milestones
- Corporate Restructuring
- Telecommunications Services
- Business eSolutions
- Infrastructure
- Other
- Telecommunications Services
- Basic Services
- Data Communications
- Other Services
- Business eSolutions
- Network of the World
- Internet Data Centres
- Alliance with Telstra Corp
- IP Backbone Company
- Internet Data Centre Company
- Business Services
- PCCW Japan
- Hong Kong Cyberport
- Cyberworks Ventures
- Strategic Partners
- Development Strategy
- Research and Development
- Financial Results
- PCCW’s Profit and Loss Statements, 2006 and 2005
- PCCW’s Balance Sheets, 2006 and 2005
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- PCCW Mobile HK Ltd
- Introduction
- Milestones
- Services Available
- Financial Situation
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- SmarTone Communications Ltd
- Introduction
- Shareholders
- Milestones
- Network
- Products and Services
- Development Plans
- Financial Situation
- SmarTone’s Profit and Loss Statements, 2007 and 2006
- SmarTone’s Balance Sheets, 2007 and 2006
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Wharf T&T Ltd
- Introduction
- Milestones
- Network
- Products and Services
- Further Information
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- CONTACT DETAILS
- Government
- Trade Organisations
- Telecom Companies
- Other IT Companies
- APPENDIX 1
- Satellites Serving Hong Kong
- APPENDIX 2
- Submarine Cables Landing in Hong Kong
- LIST OF EXHIBITS
- COUNTRY OVERVIEW
- EXHIBIT 2.1: Population Size and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 2.2: Number and Growth of Households, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 2.3: People per Household, 2005-2010
- TELECOM OVERVIEW
- EXHIBIT 3.1: Statistical Summary in January 2008
- LOCAL SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 5.1: Business Lines in Service and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 5.2: Residential Lines in Service and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 5.3: Total Lines in Service, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 5.4: Percentage Change in Fixed Lines in Service, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 5.5: Lines per 100 Population, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 5.6: Local FTNS Licensees
- EXHIBIT 5.7: PCCW-HKT’s Current Basic Tariffs
- INTERNATIONAL SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 7.1: Outgoing Traffic and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 7.2: Incoming Traffic and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 7.3: Total Volume of International Traffic, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 7.4: Annual Growth of International Traffic, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 7.5: Volume of International Traffic per Capita, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 7.6: Growth in Per Capita International Traffic, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 7.7: External FTNS Licensees
- MOBILE TELEPHONE SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 8.1: Pre-Paid Subscribers and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 8.2: Post-Paid Subscribers and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 8.3: Total Number of Subscribers, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 8.4: Number of Subscribers and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 8.5: Penetration of Mobile Phones, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 8.6: Mobile Telephone Licensees
- EXHIBIT 8.7: Mobile Operator Market Shares
- EXHIBIT 8.8: China Mobile Peoples’ Tariff Plans
- EXHIBIT 8.9: CSL New World Mobility’s 1010 Tariff Plans
- EXHIBIT 8.10: CSL New World Mobility’s One2Free Tariff Plans
- EXHIBIT 8.11: Hutchison’s Dual-Band Service Tariffs
- EXHIBIT 8.12: Hutchison’s CDMA Service Tariffs
- EXHIBIT 8.13: SmarTone-Vodafone’s Tariff Plans
- EXHIBIT 8.14: Number of CT2 Subscribers, 1991-1996
- WIRELESS DATA SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 9.1: WAP Start Schedule
- EXHIBIT 9.2: CSL New World Mobility’s WAP Tariffs
- EXHIBIT 9.3: GPRS Start Schedule
- EXHIBIT 9.4: CSL New World Mobility’s GPRS Tariffs
- EXHIBIT 9.5: CSL New World Mobility’s SMS Tariffs
- EXHIBIT 9.6: MMS Start Schedule
- EXHIBIT 9.7: CSL New World Mobility’s MMS Tariffs
- EXHIBIT 9.8: Third Generation Mobile Licensees
- EXHIBIT 9.9: Number of 3G Subscribers and Annual Growth, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 9.10: 3G Subscribers as Proportion of All Subscribers, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 9.11: 3G Subscribers as Proportion of Population, 2005-2010
- BROADBAND SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 10.1: Number and Annual Growth of Subscribers, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 10.2: Penetration of Broadband Use, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 10.3: 3G Mobile Licensees
- EXHIBIT 10.4: Broadband Operator Market Shares
- INTERNET SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 11.1: Number and Annual Growth of Subscribers, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 11.2: Penetration of Internet Use, 2005-2010
- ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
- EXHIBIT 12.1: Value of B2B E-Commerce, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 12.2: Value of B2C E-Commerce, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 12.3: Value of B2G E-Commerce, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 12.4: Total Value of E-Commerce, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 12.5: Growth of E-Commerce, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 12.6: Per Capita Spend on E-Commerce, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 12.7: Cost of Hongkong Post e-Certs
- PAGING SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 13.1: Number and Growth of Paging Subscribers, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 13.2: Penetration of Paging Services, 2005-2010
- TRUNKED RADIO SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 14.1: Number and Growth of TRS Stations, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 14.2: Penetration of TRS Services, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 14.3: Trunked Mobile Radio Licensees
- CABLE AND SATELLITE INFRASTRUCTURE
- EXHIBIT 15.1: Terrestrial Cables to Mainland China
- EXHIBIT 15.2: International Cable Names and Abbreviations
- EXHIBIT 15.3: International Operators
- EXHIBIT 15.4: Satellites Serving Hong Kong, with Locations
- EXHIBIT 15.5 Satellite-Based External FTNS Licensees
- PAY-TV SERVICES
- EXHIBIT 16.1: New Pay-TV Licensees
- EXHIBIT 16.2: Number and Annual Growth of Subscribers, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 16.3: Pay-TV Subscribers per 100 Households, 2005-2010
- EXHIBIT 16.4: i-Cable’s Charges
- COMPANY PROFILES
- EXHIBIT 17.1: i-Cable’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, 2006 and 2005
- EXHIBIT 17.2: i-Cable’s Profit and Loss Statement, 2006 and 2005
- EXHIBIT 17.3: PCCW’s Profit and Loss Statements, 2006 and 2005
- EXHIBIT 17.4: PCCW’s Balance Sheet, 2006 and 2005
- EXHIBIT 17.5: SmarTone’s Shareholders
- EXHIBIT 17.6: SmarTone’s Profit and Loss Statements, 2007 and 2006
- EXHIBIT 17.7: SmarTone’s Balance Sheets, 2007 and 2006
AbstractHong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China. It lies on China’s southern coast, at the mouth of the Pearl River. It is a major port in Asia, acting primarily as a gateway between China and the rest of the world, though it is also a centre of trade, finance and tourism in its own right.
Hong Kong’s economy was built upon manufacturing but it is now largely services-based. While the manufacturing companies are still based in Hong Kong, most of their manufacturing activities have moved across the border into the neighbouring Chinese province of Guangdong.
Hong Kong’s telecom history is unusual in that the provision of telecom services has always been in private hands. The two original incumbent operators, one for domestic and the other for international services, held exclusive franchises for their respective areas of operation. The fact that they were private companies had some important implications when the government began to de-regulate the industry. Competition was introduced first in 1989 - in the mobile sector because the incumbent only had a monopoly over fixed-line services.
Hong Kong’s local services are among the most advanced available anywhere, and this is to a great extent the result of the government’s Scheme of Control that was in place while the incumbent operators held monopoly positions in the market. This Scheme of Control encouraged them to invest in their infrastructures, and the benefits of this are still being felt.
The local network has officially been open to competition since 1995. However, for some years little competition developed. More recently the new fixed-line operators have gained a greater foothold and the incumbent’s market share has fallen to less than 70%.
Since Hong Kong is a small territory, with no place more than a few dozen kilometres from any other, the concept of domestic long distance services does not exist.
Until 1998, international services were provided exclusively by a commercial company, but its service-based exclusivity was ended in 1998 and its facilities-based exclusivity was concluded at the end of 1999. Since then, major changes have taken place in the international telecom market, not least the dramatic fall in international tariffs and the increase in service quality resulting from the competition that was introduced. Today, international tariffs are a fraction of what they used to be while innovative marketing and new services contribute to greater customer satisfaction.
Mobile telephone services began in Hong Kong in 1984. In 1992, the first digital network was established, after which the mobile sector has gone from strength to strength. Government figures indicate that the penetration of mobile phones exceeds 130%.
Until fairly recently, Wireless Data Services had not been very popular in the territory. However, the situation began to change in 2001 when more content became available. Subsequently, Short Messaging Services (SMS) met with almost immediate success when introduced in early 2002.
Encouraged by the increased acceptance of Wireless Data Services, the regulator decided to issue 3G licences in 2001. An auction was planned for the four licences available, but only four bidders applied. The licences were therefore issued at the reserve price, and all four licensees have begun offering 3G services. The issue of one further licence is planned.
Broadband services took some time to become popular in Hong Kong. However, when the new fixed-line operators began extending their broadband-enabled networks to many more customers, the incumbent was forced to extend its broadband coverage much more widely than hitherto. Since then, take-up has been very fast. Hong Kong now has the second greatest broadband penetration in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Internet started to gain widespread popularity in 1995. One of the reasons for the rapid growth was the dynamism of the market, encouraged by the large number of ISPs in business. There is no limit to the number of ISP licences that the regulator will issue.
The first steps towards e-commerce were taken in the late 1970s but Hong Kong did not really capitalise on its first-mover position. The government was late in perceiving the benefits of e-commerce and thus for many years did little to encourage companies to modernise their business practices. The situation has changed in recent years, and Hong Kong has become one of the leading users of e-commerce in the Asia-Pacific region.
Initially, paging was a service that surprised everyone by the rapidity of its growth. By 1994, more than one person in five in Hong Kong used a pager. Then, with the introduction of cheap cellular mobile services, the situation changed rapidly, and subscriber numbers began to fall. The fall is continuing to this day.
Trunked Radio Services (TRS) first became publicly available in 1989 and there were great hopes that the territory would become a test-bed for TRS services. Unfortunately, these hopes were not realised, and TRS is now just a niche market.
Hong Kong has long had a capable and efficient cable and satellite infrastructure. As a result, the territory has emerged as a telecom and broadcasting hub for the Asia-Pacific region. It is served by a substantial number of cables and satellites that convey traffic to and from Hong Kong, both to supply Hong Kong’s own needs and for onward transmission to other countries. In particular, Hong Kong has become a hub for traffic to and from mainland China. Its position as the regional centre for many multinational companies has further encouraged investments in the infrastructure.
Pay-TV services have had a chequered history since their introduction in 1993. Part of the responsibility for this was the confused and confusing regulatory regime introduced by the government. Eventually one operator, using HFC cable, emerged as the sole operator and gained a firm foothold. More recently, it has been facing strong competition from new entrants to the market, particularly from the main fixed-line operator’s IPTV service. Today, Hong Kong’s Pay-TV market is thriving. Four operators currently provide services and others are expected to join in shortly.
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