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Women in China 2007: Women As Consumers & Lifestyle Trends

Published by: Access Asia

Published: Dec. 14, 2007 - 277 Pages


Table of Contents


INTRODUCTION

Report Coverage

Other Relevant Reports from Access Asia

Abbreviations Used

Free Online Newsletter and Editorials

1 HOLDING UP HALF THE SKY

1.1 Introduction

1.2 One In Ten of Humanity

1.2.1 One In Ten of Humanity: Population by Gender

Table 1.1 TOTAL POPULATION BY GENDER & % BREAKDOWN, 2000-2006

1.2.2 One In Ten of Humanity: Population by Age Group

Table 1.2 FEMALE POPULATION BY AGE GROUP, 2000-2006

1.2.3 One In Ten of Humanity: The One Child Policy

1.2.4 One In Ten of Humanity: The Changing Roles of Women, Families & Society

1.2.5 One In Ten of Humanity: The Changing Roles of Women, Families & Society

1.2.6 One In Ten of Humanity: Ms. China

1.2.7 One In Ten of Humanity: DINKYs

1.2.8 One In Ten of Humanity: The Mistress

Secret consumer segment

How big is the market?

Spoilsports

Mistress shoppers

1.2.9 One In Ten of Humanity: The OLs (Office Ladies)

Who Are the OLs?

Bridget Zhang’s Diary: A Typical OL Life

Favourite OL Brands

What OLs Want

What Next for the OLs

1.2.10 One In Ten of Humanity: Desperate Housewives or Yummy Mummies?

1.2.11 One In Ten of Humanity: Middle Aged Middle Kingdom

Figure 1.1: THE TOTAL TONICS GIFT SETS MARKET IN CHINA, 1997-2006

1.2.11 One In Ten of Humanity: Gracefully Going Grey

1.3 Useful References

2 WOMEN & THE FAMILY

2.1 The Shrinking Family

2.1.1 The Shrinking Family: Making Babies

Fewer Babies

Figure 2.1: China’s Birth Rates, 2000-2007

The Gender Gap

Figure 2.2: China’s Girl:Boy Newborn Birth Ratio, 1982-2005

Abuses of the Gender Economy

Making More Babies: The One Child Policy

Figure 2.3: Sample Births & Fertility Rates, 2005

Low Birth Rates: The Economic Impact

Table 2.1 BIRTH RATES AND INFANT POPULATION TRENDS IN CHINA, 2000-2006

2.1.2 The Shrinking Family: Overview of Household Conditions

2.1.3 The Shrinking Family: Households

Total Households by Size

Table 2.2 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE, 2000-2006

Total Households by Urban/Rural Split

Table 2.3 NUMBER AND SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS BY LOCATION, 2000-2006

Income Earners Per Household

Table 2.4 AVERAGE NUMBER OF INCOME EARNERS PER HOUSEHOLD, 2000-2006

2.2 Home Economics
2.2.1 Home Economics: High Levels of Savings - Self-taxation?

Table 2.5 LEADING CITIES KEY HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS INDICATORS, 2005

2.2.2 Home Economics: Consumer Spending Power

Table 2.6 URBAN AVERAGE EXPENDABLE INCOME, EXPENDITURE & POTENTIAL EXPENDABLE INCOME AFTER BASIC OUTGOINGS, 2000-2006

2.2.3 Home Economics: Retail Trends

Figure 2.4: Urban/Rural Food/Non-food Retail Sales Growth, 2000-2006

Table 2.7 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE URBAN & RURAL RETAIL SALES BY FOOD & NON-FOOD, 2000-2006

2.2.4 Home Economics: Urban Ownership of Major Durable Goods

Table 2.8 URBAN HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MAJOR DURABLE CONSUMER GOODS, 2000-2005

2.2.5 Home Economics: Rural Ownership of Major Durable Goods

Table 2.9 RURAL HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MAJOR DURABLE CONSUMER GOODS, 2000-2005

2.3 Middle Class Suburbia
2.3.1 Middle Class Suburbia: China’s New Middle Class

How Big Really Is the Chinese Middle Class?

Table 2.10 MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN CHINA, 1995/2000/2005/2010/2015

How Much Does the Chinese Middle Class Spend?

Table 2.11 TOTAL CONSUMPTION BY MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, 2005/2010/2015

How Fast Will the Chinese Middle Class Grow?

Table 2.12 CONSUMPTION BY MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS & % OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS, 1995/2000/2005/2010/2015

2.3.2 Middle Class Suburbia: Confident Shoppers

Table 2.13 GDP AND COST OF LIVING INDEX, 2000-2006

2.3.3 Middle Class Suburbia: Financing a Family

2.4 Schooling

2.4.1 The Cost of Education: Institutional Funding

Table 2.14 EDUCATIONAL FUNDING BY SOURCE, 1996/2005

2.4.2 The Cost of Education: Family Funding

Figure 2.5: Average Household Spending on Education Per Child by Level of Education

2.4.3 The Cost of Education: Girl School

The Number of Schools

Figure 2.6: Growth in Number of Education Institutes in China, 1997-2005

Table 2.15 THE TOTAL NUMBER OF EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN CHINA BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION, 1997-2005

Girls’ Access to Schooling

Table 2.16 CHINA’S WORKFORCE BY EDUCATIONAL ABILITY, 2005

Figure 2.7: Growth in Number of Students By Educational Level in China, 1997-2005

Table 2.17 THE TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN CHINA BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION, 1997-2005

2.5 Healthcare & Ageing
2.5.1 Healthcare & Ageing: The Big Contradiction

Fast-growing, But How Big?

Government Healthcare Spend in decline

Table 2.18 GOVERNMENT HEALTHCARE SPENDING AS A % OF TOTAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING, 1996-2005

Private Health Insurance Uptake Low

Price Cuts, Corporate Battles & Piracy

Changes to The Healthcare System

Government Pharmaceuticals Industry Policy - Full of Contradiction

How Big Will the Pharmaceuticals Market Get?

2.5.2 Healthcare & Ageing: A Little Richer But A Lot Less Healthy

Fat of the Land

HIV/AIDS

Living Longer

2.6 Marriage & Divorce

2.6.1 Marriage & Divorce: Growth Rates

Table 2.19 NUMBER & ANNUAL GROWTH OF MARRIAGES AND DIVORCES IN CHINA, 1985-2005

2.6.2 Marriage & Divorce: Empowered Wives

2.6.3 Marriage & Divorce: Wedding Spending

The Big Spend

A Thoroughly Modern Affair

Table 2.20 WHO PAYS FOR WEDDING CELEBRATIONS IN CHINA?

Table 2.21 STATISTICS OF WEDDING EXPENSES, EXPENDITURE & BUDGETING, 2005

Who’s Getting the Wedding Yuan?

How To Get The Marriage RMB?

Conclusion - Same But Different

2.6.4 Marriage & Divorce: Finding A Partner

2.6.5 Marriage & Divorce: Rates of Domestic Violence

2.6.6 Marriage & Divorce: Staying Single

2.7 The Key Points

2.8 Useful References

3 WOMEN & SOCIETY

3.1 Unbinding Their Feet

3.1.1 Unbinding Their Feet: Cracking the Confucian Code

3.1.2 Unbinding Their Feet: Marriage Laws & Women’s Lib.

3.1.3 Unbinding Their Feet: Women Find Time To Themselves

3.1.4 Unbinding Their Feet: Protecting Women’s Hard-won Rights

The Gap Between Laws and Effect

Growing Grassroots Awareness of Women’s Rights

3.2 The Emptying of Rural China

3.2.1 The Emptying of Rural China: Inequalities of Lifestyle

3.2.2 The Emptying of Rural China: Rural Migration

3.3 Urban Revolution

3.3.1 Urban Revolution: A Constant Migration

3.3.2 Urban Revolution: The Urban Lifestyle in a Nutshell

3.3.3 Urban Revolution: The 2006 Survey on Quality of Life of Urban Chinese Women

3.4 Society in Women's Eyes

3.4.1 Society in Women's Eyes: The Future’s So Bright…

3.4.2 Society in Women's Eyes: It All Comes Down to Security

3.4.3 Society in Women's Eyes: Women in Their Own Eyes

3.4.4 Society in Women's Eyes: The Daily Life of Women Today

3.5 Power Politics

3.5.1 Power Politics: Gender Analysis of Political Status

3.5.2 Power Politics: Women As Activists

3.5.3 Power Politics: A Woman Vice President

3.5.4 Power Politics: However…

3.6 Body Image

3.6.1 Body Image: Women As Media Images

The Gulf Between Reality And Reality TV

In A Political Spin

Get Real!

Outperforming the Men

Alternative Images

Manga: Fantasy, Fetish or Fashion

3.6.2 Body Image: The Body Beautiful

Fat Chance!

Opting for the Cut

Figure 3.1: % Asian Women Considering Themselves Overweight, or Having Cosmetic Surgery, 2005

Most Popular cosmetic Surgery Operations in China

“I Just Wish For World Peace”

Height Obsession

3.6.3 Body Image: Fags and Beer

The Fags

The Beer

3.6.4 Body Image: Sexuality

3.7 The Key Points

3.8 Useful References

4 WOMEN & CAREERS

4.1 Working Mums

4.1.1 Working Mums: Childcare Provision

Table 4.1 DISTRIBUTION OF CHILD CARE CENTER AVAILABILITY, CENTER CARE USE AND MOTHER’S WORK STATUS, 2002

4.1.2 Working Mums: Number of Working Mothers

Table 4.2 WORKING MOTHERS BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2000/2006

4.1.3 Working Mums: Maternity Leave

4.2 Sharing the Parental Responsibility

4.2.1 Sharing the Parental Responsibility: The Parents

4.2.2 Sharing the Parental Responsibility: The Ayi

4.2.3 Employment of Women: Housework

Table 4.3 % OF URBAN WOMEN DOING HOUSEWORK BY TYPE OF WORK, 2005

Table 4.4 % GENDER DIFFERENCE BETWEEN URBAN WOMEN & MEN DOING HOUSEWORK, 2005

4.3 Employment of Women
4.3.1 Employment of Women: Number of Workers by Gender

Table 4.5 TOTAL NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY GENDER, 2000-2006

4.3.2 Employment of Women: Number of Women as % of Total by Sector

Table 4.6 NUMBERS OF WOMEN IN THE NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

Table 4.7 WOMEN AS A % OF NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

Table 4.8 MEN & WOMEN AS A % OF NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY SECTOR IN ENTERPRISES OVER THE OFFICIAL STATISTICAL SIZE CRITERIA, 2006

4.3.3 Employment of Women: Helping Women To Find Jobs

4.3.4 Employment of Women: Obstacles to Finding Employment

4.3.5 Employment of Women: Mobility of Women Workers

4.3.6 Employment of Women: Women’s Wages

Table 4.9 AVERAGE INCOMES BY SECTOR FOR ALL EMPLOYEES IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Table 4.10 AVERAGE WAGES PER EMPLOYMENT SECTOR FOR WOMEN IN CHINA, 2006

4.3.7 Employment of Women: Workplace Discrimination

4.3.8 Employment of Women: Unemployment Benefits

4.3.9 Employment of Women: Social Security

Figure 4.1: % Social Security Scheme Participation Rate Among Urban Resident & Migrant Female Workers, 2005

Table 4.11 BASIC STATISTICS ON SOCIAL INSURANCE IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Table 4.12 REVENUES, EXPENSES & BALANCE OF SOCIAL INSURANCE FUND IN CHINA, 2000-2006

4.3.10 Employment of Women: High Levels of Savings - Self-taxation?

Table 4.13 LEADING CITIES KEY HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS INDICATORS, 2005

4.3.11 Employment of Women: Self Employment

4.3.12 Employment of Women: Madam Chairman

4.4 The Key Points

5 WOMEN AS CONSUMERS

5.1 Shopping Habits

5.1.1 Shopping Habits: What Every Women Wants

What The Girls Really Want

Safe, Successful, Striving and Sophisticated

But They are Still Chinese Women…

5.1.2 Shopping Habits: The Power of the Urban Purse

5.1.3 Shopping Habits: A Note On Luxury And Middle Markets

So Much Smoke And Mirrors

My Luxury May Not Be Your Luxury

Table 5.1 PURCHASE OF LUXURY GOODS IN THE LAST THREE YEARS (2004-2006)

Table 5.2 MOST COMMON BRANDS OF LUXURY GOODS PURCHASED IN THE LAST THREE YEARS (2004-2006)

Luxury For The Young

Luxury for the Masses?

Table 5.3 BRANDS OF LUXURY GOODS TO BE PURCHASED IN THE NEXT YEAR (2007)

5.1.4 Shopping Habits: Rural Women Want More

5.1.5 Shopping Habits: Student Shoppers

5.1.6 Shopping Habits: The “She-Economy”

On Price Rises, Deep Discounting and Supermarket Stampedes

5.1.7 Shopping Habits: The Total Retail Market

Table 5.4 TOTAL RETAIL CURRENT MARKET VALUE, 1999-2006

Table 5.5 TOTAL RETAIL CONSTANT MARKET VALUE, 1999-2006

5.2 Retailing in Context
5.2.1 Retailing in Context: Macroeconomic Context

Table 5.6 RETAIL SALES AS A % OF GDP, 2000-2006

5.2.2 Retailing in Context: Retail Sales and Consumer Spending

Table 5.7 RETAIL SALES AS A % OF CONSUMER EXPENDITURE, 2000-2006

5.2.3 Retailing in Context: Sales by Habitation

Table 5.8 RETAIL SALES VALUE BY HABITATION, 2000-2006

5.2.4 Retailing in Context: Breakdown by Habitation

Table 5.9 RETAIL SALES % BREAKDOWN BY HABITATION, 2000-2006

5.2.5 Retailing in Context: Per-capita Sales by Province

Map 5.1 PER CAPITA RETAIL SALES BY PROVINCE, 2006

5.2.6 Retailing in Context: China’s Leading Shoppers Only Spend US$5 A Day!

Table 5.10 US$ PER CAPITA RETAIL SALES BY TOP- , MIDDLE- & BOTTOM-SCALES, 2000-2006

5.2.7 Retailing in Context: Leading Cities

Table 5.11 LEADING CITIES KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2006

5.2.8 Retailing in Context: Consumer Spending Power

Table 5.12 URBAN AVERAGE EXPENDABLE INCOME, EXPENDITURE & POTENTIAL EXPENDABLE INCOME AFTER BASIC OUTGOINGS, 2000-2006

5.3 Food and Non-Food Sales
5.3.1 Food and Non-Food Sales: Current Sales

Table 5.13 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE RETAIL SALES BY FOOD AND NON-FOOD, 2000-2006

5.3.2 Food and Non-Food Sales: Growth Rates

Table 5.14 % ANNUAL GROWTH OF THE MARKET FOR RETAILING IN CHINA BY FOOD AND NON-FOOD, 2000-2006

5.3.3 Food and Non-Food Sales: Urban and Rural Split

Figure 5.1: Urban & Rural Food & Non-food Sales Growth in China, 2000-2006

Table 5.15 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE URBAN & RURAL RETAIL SALES BY FOOD & NON-FOOD, 2000-2006

5.4 Food Shopping
5.4.1 Food Shopping: The Volume Trends

Figure 5.2: Total Volume Growth in Retail Sales of Selected Food Products in China, 2000-2006

Figure 5.3: Per Capita Volume And Growth of Retail Sales of Selected Food Products in China, 2000/2006

5.4.2 Food Shopping: The Value Trends

Table 5.16 CURRENT VALUE OF FOOD SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2000-2006

Figure 5.4: % Value Share of Food Shopping, 2006

5.4.3 Food Shopping: Value Growth

Table 5.17 CURRENT VALUE GROWTH OF TOTAL FOOD SALES BY PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2000-2006

Women Consider Food Safety First

Supermarket Sweep

Table 5.18 SUPERMARKET SALES AS A % OF TOTAL & URBAN RETAIL SALES, 2000-2006*

5.5 Total Non-Food Shopping
Figure 5.5: Total Value Growth of Non-food Retail Sales By Sector in China, 2000-2006

Table 5.19 TOTAL NON-FOOD RETAIL SALES CURRENT VALUE BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2000-2006

5.6 Key Non-food Sectors
5.6.1 Key Non-food Sectors: Cosmetics & Toiletries

The Office Ladies Dominate The Demand

Figure 5.6: Top Ten Preferred Skin Care Products, 2006

Figure 5.7: Top Ten Preferred Cosmetics Products, 2006

Figure 5.7: % Sector Share of Total C&T Market, 2006

Figure 5.8: Value Sectoral Growth of Cosmetics Products, 2000-2006

Table 5.20 TOTAL COSMETICS & TOILETRIES CURRENT VALUE SALES BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

5.6.2 Key Non-food Sectors: Sanitary Products

Figure 5.9: Value Sectoral Growth of Sanitary Products, 2000-2006

Figure 5.10: Volume Sectoral Growth of Sanitary Products, 2000-2006

Table 5.21 TOTAL SANITARY PRODUCTS CURRENT VALUE & VOLUME SALES BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

5.6.3 Key Non-food Sectors: Household Chemicals

Figure 5.11: Value Sectoral Growth of Household Chemicals, 2000-2006

Figure 5.12: Volume Sectoral Growth of Household Chemicals, 2000-2006

Table 5.22 TOTAL HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS CURRENT VALUE & VOLUME SALES BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

5.6.4 Key Non-food Sectors: Apparel & Fashion

Sizes Getting Bigger…

Seasons Getting Longer, Prices Getting Lower…

Table 5.23 ANNUAL CLOTHING PRICE INDEX IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Spending Getting Bigger…

Table 5.24 URBAN, RURAL & TOTAL HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA CLOTHING SPEND & PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLD SPENDING, 2000-2006

Table 5.25 % BREAKDOWN OF CLOTHING SALES BY PRODUCT SECTOR IN CHINA, 2003-2006

More Sporty and Functional…

Figure 5.13: Value Sectoral Growth of Apparel, 2000-2006

Figure 5.14: Volume Sectoral Growth of Apparel, 2000-2006

Table 5.26 TOTAL APPAREL CURRENT VALUE & VOLUME SALES BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

A Still Highly Fragmented Market

Table 5.27 WOMEN’S TOTAL APPAREL MARKET BRAND SHARE & PENETRATION, 2004/2005

Segmentation To Survive

5.6.5 Key Non-food Sectors: Small Electric Appliances

Table 5.28 TOTAL SMALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES CURRENT VALUE & VOLUME SALES BY SECTOR, 2000/2006

5.6.6 Key Non-food Sectors: Housewares

Figure 5.15: Value Sectoral Growth of Housewares, 2000-2006

Table 5.29 TOTAL HOUSEWARES CURRENT VALUE SALES BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

5.6.7 Key Non-food Sectors: Technology

How Many Surfers?

Table 5.30 TOTAL INTERNET USERS & AS % OF POPULATION IN CHINA, 2000/12-2007/06

Table 5.31 TOTAL INTERNET USERS % SPLIT BY GENDER IN CHINA, 2000/12-2007/06

Table 5.32 TOTAL WOMEN INTERNET USERS & AS % OF FEMALE POPULATION IN CHINA, 2000/12-2007/06

Internet Value

She Netizens

Gadget Girl

Computer & Mobile Phone Ownership

Figure 5.16: Urban Household Computer & Mobile Phone Ownership Rates, 2000-2006

Figure 5.17: Consumer Electronics Value Sales Growth By Sector, 2000-2006

Table 5.33 TOTAL CONSUMER ELECTRONICS CURRENT VALUE SALES BY SECTOR, 2000-2006

5.6.8 Key Non-food Sectors: Home Improvement

Feathering the Nest

Table 5.34 THE DIY & HOME IMPROVEMENT PRODUCTS RETAIL MARKET AS A PROPORTION OF TOTAL RETAIL FOOD SALES IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Do-It-Yourself? No Thank You!

Table 5.35 RETAIL & TRADE % VALUE OF DIY & HOME IMPROVEMENT PRODUCTS MARKET IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Table 5.36 DIY & HOME IMPROVEMENT PRODUCTS & SERVICES EXPENDITURE IN BEIJING & SHANGHAI, 2001-2006

5.6.9 Key Non-food Sectors: Energy & Utility

Electricity

Table 5.37 ANNUAL PER HOUSEHOLD AVERAGE ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY TYPE OF ENERGY IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Water

Table 5.38 URBAN WATER SUPPLY & CONSUMPTION, AND WASTE & SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN CHINA, 2000-2006

5.6.10 Key Non-food Sectors: Transport

Total Transport Distance

Table 5.39 TOTAL VOLUME OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT BY TYPE IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Average Transport Distance

Table 5.40 AVERAGE PER CAPITA PASSENGER TRANSPORT DISTANCES FOR BY FORM OF TRANSPORT, 1997-2006

Vehicle Ownership

Table 5.41 PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP IN CHINA BY TYPE, 2000-2006

She Cars

Second-hand Cars

5.6.11 Key Non-food Sectors: Insurance

Figure 5.18: Comparative Per Capita Insurance Premium Spending, 2001-2005

Table 5.42 THE MARKET FOR INSURANCE PREMIUMS BY MAJOR SECTOR IN CHINA, 2000-2006

Table 5.43 THE MARKET FOR INSURANCE CLAIMS & PAYOUTS BY MAJOR SECTOR IN CHINA, 2000-2006

5.6.12 Key Non-food Sectors: Pensions

Table 5.46 PENSION REVENUE, EXPENSE & BALANCE AS WELL AS NUMBERS OF PENSION CONTRIBUTORS IN CHINA, 2000-2006

5.6.13 Key Non-food Sectors: Banking

Table 5.47 CHINA’S BANKING INSTITUTIONS STATISTICS, 1996-2000

5.6.14 Key Non-food Sectors: Healthcare

The National Health System

Table 5.48 GOVERNMENT HEALTHCARE SPENDING AS A % OF TOTAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING, 1997-2006

Pharmaceuticals & Over-the-counter Drugs

Table 5.49 ALL PHARMACEUTICALS PRODUCTION IN CHINA BY BROAD SECTOR, 2000-2006

Table 5.50 PREPARED PHARMACEUTICALS EXPENDITURE IN CHINA BY BROAD SECTOR, 2000-2006

Table 5.50 OTC PHARMACEUTICALS MARKET VALUE BY BROAD SECTOR IN CHINA, 2000-2006

5.7 Future Consumption
5.8 The Key Points
5.9 Useful References
6 WOMEN & LEISURE

6.1 Eating Out

6.1.1 Eating Out: China’s National Sport

Table 6.1 THE MARKET FOR CONSUMER CATERING AS A PROPORTION OF TOTAL CONSUMER EXPENDITURE IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.1.2 Eating Out: Versus Eating In

Table 6.2 THE MARKET FOR CONSUMER CATERING AS A PROPORTION OF TOTAL CONSUMER FOOD EXPENDITURE IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.1.3 Eating Out: Per Capita Spending

Table 6.3 TOTAL PER CAPITA MARKET FOR CONSUMER CATERING IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.1.4 Eating Out: Total Outlets & Employees

Table 6.4 TOTAL CONSUMER CATERING OUTLETS AND EMPLOYEE NUMBERS IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.1.5 Eating Out: Outlets By Broad Sector

Table 6.5 TOTAL CONSUMER CATERING OUTLET NUMBERS BY BROAD SECTOR IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.1.6 Eating Out: Consumer Concerns

Food Poisoning: Bad Practice

Going Green

Genetically Modified (GM) Food

Vegetarianism

6.1.7 Eating Out: Format Trends

6.1.8 Eating Out: Catering Consumer Profile

Overview

Professional Urban Diners

Teenage Feeders

Children & Fast-food Education

6.2 Days Away

6.2.1 Days Away: Domestic Tourism

Figure 6.1: Value Growth of Domestic Travel Expenditure by Type, 2000-2006

Table 6.6 DOMESTIC TOURISM SPENDING BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.2.2 Days Away: Days Off

National Day

Table 6.7 ANNUAL NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

Chinese New Year

Christmas

May Holiday

Children’s Day

Other National Holidays and Festivals

6.2.3 Days Away: Holidays in the Sun

Table 6.8 DOMESTIC TOURISM SPENDING BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.3 Women’s Sports
6.3.1 Women’s Sports: Market Overview

Table 6.9 RETAIL VALUE OF SPORTSWEAR & GOODS SALES IN CHINA, 2001-2006

6.3.2 Women’s Sports: Key Sports And Their Tie-ins

6.3.3 Women’s Sports: The Key Foreign Personalities

6.3.4 Women’s Sports: The Key Local Personalities

6.3.5 Women’s Sports: Wushu For The Olympics

6.3.6 Women’s Sports: New Sports

6.3.7 Women’s Sports: Raising Women’s Sports Involvement

6.3.8 Women’s Sports: The Key Brands

Figure 6.2: China’s Leading Sportswear Brands, 2004

6.4 Pampering & Self Improvement
6.4.1 Pampering & Self Improvement: The Total Gym Market

6.4.2 Pampering & Self Improvement: Types of Gym

6.4.3 Pampering & Self Improvement: Increasing Competition

Figure 6.3: Beijing’s Leading Gyms, 2003

Shanghai Gym Fees

6.4.4 Pampering & Self Improvement: Or Something More Unusual Perhaps?

6.4.5 Pampering & Self Improvement: Spas

6.4.6 Pampering & Self Improvement: Tattoos

6.4.7 Pampering & Self Improvement: Clubbing the Night Away

6.4.8 Pampering & Self Improvement: Saturday Night At The Movies

Table 6.10 OVERALL FILM REVENUES (BOX OFFICE RECEIPTS) IN CHINA, 1989-2006

6.5 Relaxing At Home: Women & Media Consumption
6.5.1 Relaxing At Home: The Total Media Products Market

Table 6.11 RETAIL VALUE MEDIA PRODUCTS IN CHINA, 2000-2006

6.5.2 Relaxing At Home: Print Publishing

Books

Magazines

Newspapers

6.5.3 Relaxing At Home: TV & Video

6.5.4 Relaxing At Home: Recorded Music

6.5.5 Relaxing At Home: Online Media

6.6 Chinese Women & Religion: The Opiate of the Masses

6.7 Future Concerns

6.8 The Key Points

APPENDIX: MARKET BACKGROUND

A.1 Fast Facts

A.2 Regions of China

Map A.1 CHINA: PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALITIES

A.3 Exchange Rates

A.3.1 Exchange Rates: China

Table A.1 AVERAGE ANNUAL RENMINBI EXCHANGE RATES AGAINST A VARIETY OF CURRENCIES, 2000-2006

A.3.2 Exchange Rates: Hong Kong

Table A.2 AVERAGE ANNUAL HONG KONG DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATES AGAINST THE UNITED STATES DOLLAR AND RENMINBI, 2000-2006

Abstract

China’s recent history has seen huge changes in the rights, lifestyles and fortunes of its women. Mao Zedong described women as “Holding up half the sky” in his 'little red book', acknowledging the global contribution of women, and realising that the economy and society of China relied upon its women being fully integrated in all aspects of society. Women have seen their lot improve a great deal since the Communist government came to power in China, and have seen dramatic changes in their lifestyles and aspirations since the opening up of the economy. Women have indeed become an integral part of the Chinese economy, manning the factories that churn out the huge volume of exports that China has grown increasingly wealthy one.

However, inequalities remain for women. Rural women continue to live in situations of poverty, where healthcare and education are sporadic, at best, and where patriarchal tradition still stands in the way of many women breaking out of such poverty. The wide diversity in Chinese society, and in the lifestyles of its women, is marked by that between the rural poor (living in near Mediaeval conditions) and the urban rich, who count themselves as citizens of a technology-linked global village.

So vast and rapid has change been in China, since it opened up its economy, that while the young now take all the comforts and luxuries they have for granted, the older generations remember the hardships and deprivations of failed political movements, and have to cope with their homes, neighbourhoods and cities having been demolished and rebuilt from scratch - leaving them with little that is familiar from their youth.

The stark changes in economy, lifestyle and politics, as well as the stark gulf between rich and poor, are all creating new priorities and aspirations among China’s women. This has a direct effect on what they buy, and why. Saving rates are high, as women (who tend to hold the household purse strings) plan for future healthcare or education needs, or build deposits on a new apartment or car. Health scares breed fear of faulty goods and poisoned foods, and create wary consumers, who lay the burden of proof on the manufacturers, and the brands.

But, as well as reacting to the changes, women are creating many of them. With their spending habits, health concerns, access to legal representation amid new civilian rights consumer protection laws and rise up the corporate and political ladders, much of what China will become in the future, is now being shaped by its women. This is why understanding Chinese women as consumers is fundamental for anyone actively marketing in China.

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