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Flame resistant fibres and fabrics

Published by: Textiles Intelligence

Published: Feb. 1, 2007 - 28 Pages


Table of Contents


Summary

Introduction

Flammability Of Fibres And Fabrics

Factors Affecting The Flammability Of Apparel

Fabric Construction

Surface Texture

Garment Design

Presence Of Contaminants

Flame Resistance

Measurement Of Flame Resistance

Flame Retardants

Flammability Standards And Regulations

Test Methods For Flame Resistant Apparel

Applications Of Flame Resistant Fabrics In Performance Apparel

Industrial Workwear

Firefighters' Apparel

Professional Racing Apparel

Key Producers Of Flame Resistant Fibres And Fabrics And Their Products

Basofil Fibers: Basofil

Dupont: Nomex

Gun Ei Chemical Industry: Kynol

Kaneka Corporation: Kanecaron And Protex

Kermel: Kermel

Pbi Performance Products: Pbi

Rhodia: Proban

Teijin Techno Products: Teijinconex

Westex: Indura

Outlook

List of tables

Table 1: Size of the heat and flame retardant protective clothing market in Western Europe, 2002-2012

Table 2: Flammability of natural and man-made fibres

Table 3: Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of natural and man-made fibres

Table 4: USA: Flammable Fabrics Act: classes of fabric flammability

Table 5: EU standards for flame resistant clothing

Table 6: Vertical flame test results

Table 7: Properties of Basofil

Table 8: Nomex: applications and levels of protection

Table 9: Properties of Kynol fibres

Table 10: Physical properties of Protex

Table 11: Properties of Protex blend fabrics

Table 12: Physical properties of Kermel fibre

Table 13: Physical properties of TeijinConex fibre

List of figures

Figure 1: Lion firefighting gear

Abstract

Flame resistant fibres and fabrics are used in the manufacture of industrial workwear, firefighters’ apparel and professional motor racing apparel to protect the wearer against fires, electrical arcs and molten metal splashes.

The introduction of tough legislation regarding the provision of flame resistant apparel, and the growing use of such apparel, has contributed to a drop in the number of fire-related injuries and fatalities in recent decades. Fire departments which issue high-tech turnout gear to their employees have seen a decline in the number of burn injuries. In some cases the decline has been dramatic. Similarly, the number of fatalities in professional motor racing has fallen sharply since the 1960s, when it became compulsory for drivers to wear flame resistant garments.

Stricter regulations regarding fire safety and changes in market requirements have spurred the development of new fibres, treatments and fabrics. These new products have joined established names such as DuPont’s Nomex; Indura, which is made by Westex; Kermel; and Proban, which is produced by Rhodia. Developments have led to the production of high-tech protective fabrics which are more comfortable and which fulfil stringent performance criteria. Multi-functional fabrics have become increasingly available. These combine flame resistance with other protective characteristics such as chemical resistance, anti-static properties and high visibility.

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