Biomass Report Ed 2 2007 : Market Research Report

Biomass Report Ed 2 2007

Published: Feb. 13, 2007 - 174 Pages

1. Executive Summary: Regional usage and development; Usage patterns; Technologies and transformation; Pyrolysis; Gasification; Charcoal production; Briquetting and pelletising; Biofuels for transportation; Bioheat; MSW (Municipal Solid Waste); LFG (Landfill Gas); Biopower; Biomass legislation
2. Introduction
3. Biomass as a primary fuel: TPES - Total Primary Energy Supply; TFEC - Total Final Energy Consumption; Future primary energy production and consumption; Bioenergy power generation
4. Benefits and constraints of bioenergy: Factors encouraging the development of biomass energy
5. Biomass resources: Agricultural crops; Energy cropping
6. Biomass conversion technologies: Direct use; Transformation; Electricity generation; Gasification; Pyrolysis; Charcoal production; Modular systems; Biofuels for transportation; Bio-based products; Technology developments
7. Biomass usage and technologies: Biomass electricity and heat; Biomass heat; Liquid biofuels; Ethanol; Biodiesel; MSW (Municipal Solid Waste); Landfill gas; Biogas; Biopower
8. Regional and national biomass market and technology review: United States; Europe; Transformation; National market characteristics in the EU; Austria; Belgium; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Italy; Netherlands; Portugal; Spain; Sweden; Turkey; United Kingdom; CIS; Asia Pacific; Australia; China; India; Bangladesh; Nepal; Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Thailand; Vietnam; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Africa
9. Environmental issues: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992; Kyoto Protocol; EU Environmental Directives
10. Comments on biomass statistics
11. Sources
12. Directory of Biomass Manufacturers
Figures: Figure 2.1: Primary energy supply and conversion to electricity, 2004; Figure 3.1: Total primary energy supply 2004; Figure 3.2: Annual growth of renewable energy supply, 1990-2004; Figure 3.3: 2001 share of total final consumption; Figure 3.4: World Total Final Energy Consumption) by fuel 1970-2005, (Mtoe); Figure 3.5: Importance of biomass in different world regions, 1995; Figure 3.6: Biomass consumption in North America, ktoe, 2004; Figure 3.7: Biomass consumption in EU 15 countries, ktoe, 2004; Figure 3.8: Biomass consumption in other European countries, ktoe, 2004; Figure 3.9: Final energy demand projections by fuel, Mtoe, 1990-2030; Figure 3.10: Renewables in electricity production; Figure 6.1: Biomass resources and conversion routes to produce bioenegy; Figure 7.1: World use of biomass, ktoe, 2004; Figure 7.2: Transformation into electricity, heat and other fuel carriers, 2004; Figure 7.3: : Production of ethanol by country, ktoe, 2005; Figure 7.4: Ethanol production from 1995 to 2005, ktoe; Figure 7.5: Ethanol refineries in the US, 2006; Figure 7.6: Ethanol power aerobatic squadron; Figure 7.7: Production of biodiesel in the EU and US, litres 1993-2005; Figure 7.8: State incentives to spur biodiesel use; Figure 7.9: Established waste policy in Europe; Figure 7.10: Composition of MSW in the USA, 2005; Figure 7.11: US Recycling rates, 2005; Figure 7.12: Electricity generation from biomass. GWh, 1970 to 2004; Figure 7.13: Electricity generation from biomass, GWh 1970 to 2004; Figure 7.14: Leading countries in production of electricity from biomass, GWh, 1970 to 2004; Figure 8.1: Proportion of renewable and biomass in the US energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.2: Composition of biomass supply in the United States, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.3: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.4: Biomass Energy Resource Hierarchy; Figure 8.5: Generation of electricity from biomass in the United States, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.6: Consumption of biomass by type in Europe 2004; Figure 8.7: Supply of renewable energy and biomass in European countries, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.8: Biomass electricity generation in Europe, GWh, 2004; Figure 8.9: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Austria’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.10: Composition of biomass supply in Austria, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.11: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Austria, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.12: Generation of electricity from biomass in Austria, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.13: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Belgian energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.14: Composition of biomass supply in Belgium, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.15: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Belgium, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.16: Generation of electricity from biomass in Belgium, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.17: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Denmark’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.18: Composition of biomass supply in Denmark, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.19: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Denmark, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.20: Generation of electricity from biomass in Denmark, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.21: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Finland’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.22: Composition of biomass supply in Finland, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.23: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Finland, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.24: Generation of electricity from biomass in Finland, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.25: Proportion of renewable and biomass in France’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.26: Composition of biomass supply in France, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.27: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in France, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.28: Generation of electricity from biomass in France, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.29: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Germany’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.30: Composition of biomass supply in the Germany, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.31: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Germany, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.32: Generation of electricity from biomass in Germany, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.33: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Greece’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.34: Composition of biomass supply in Greece, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.35: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Greece, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.36: Generation of electricity from biomass in Greece, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.37: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Ireland’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.38: Composition of biomass supply in Ireland, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.39: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Ireland, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.40: Generation of electricity from biomass in Ireland GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.41: Biomass resources of Ireland; Figure 8.42: Proportion of renewable and biomass energy in Italy’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004111; Figure 8.43: Composition of biomass supply in Italy, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.44: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Italy, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.45: Generation of electricity from biomass in Italy, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.46: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Netherlands energy supply, ktoe, 2004 . 114; Figure 8.47: Composition of biomass supply in the Netherlands, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.48: Use of biomass, final consumption, transformation in Netherlands, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.49: Generation of electricity from biomass in the Netherlands, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.50: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Portugal’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.51: Composition of biomass supply in Portugal, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.52: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Portugal, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.53: Generation of electricity from biomass in Portugal, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.54: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Spain’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.55: Composition of biomass supply in Spain, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.56: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Spain, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.57: Generation of electricity from biomass in Spain, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.58: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Sweden’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.59: Composition of biomass supply in the Sweden, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.60: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Sweden, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.61: Generation of electricity from biomass in Sweden, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.62: Jakobstad biomass power plant, 240 MW; Figure 8.63: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Turkey’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.64: Composition of biomass supply in Turkey, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.65: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Turkey, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.66: Generation of electricity from biomass in Turkey, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.67: Proportion of renewable and biomass in the UK’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.68: Composition of biomass supply in the UK ktoe 2004; Figure 8.69: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in the UK, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.70: Generation of electricity from biomass in the UK, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.71: Supply of renewable energy and biomass in CIS countries, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.72: Biomass production in Asia, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.73: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Australian energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.74: Composition of biomass supply in Australia, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.75: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Australia, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.76: Generation of electricity from biomass in Australia, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.77: Proportion of renewable and biomass in China’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.78: Composition of biomass supply in China, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.79: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in China, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.80: Generation of electricity from biomass in China, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.81: The current status of biomass use in China; Figure 8.82: Proportion of renewable and biomass in India’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.83: Composition of biomass supply in India, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.84: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in India, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.85: Generation of electricity from biomass in India, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.86: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Bangladesh’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004144; Figure 8.87: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Nepal’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.88: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Indonesia’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.89: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Indonesia, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.90: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Malaysia’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.91: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Myanmar’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.92: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Philippines energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.93: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Thailand’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.94: Generation of electricity from biomass in Thailand, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.95: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Vietnam’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.96: Biomass consumption in Latin America, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.97: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Brazil’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.98: Composition of biomass supply in Brazil, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.99: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Brazil, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.100: Generation of electricity from biomass in Brazil, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.101: Proportion of renewable and biomass in Mexico’s energy supply, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.102: Composition of biomass supply in Mexico, ktoe 2004; Figure 8.103: Use of biomass, final consumption and transformation in Mexico, ktoe, 2004; Figure 8.104: Generation of electricity from biomass in Mexico, GWh, 1980 to 2004; Figure 8.105: Biomass production in African countries ktoe, 2004; Figure 9.1: Key greenhouse gases affected by human activity; Figure 9.2: The Hockey Stick Graph; Figure 9.3: Medieval Warm Period; Figure 9.4: Geological storage of carbon dioxide in underground caverns; Figure 9.5: The Sleipner project
Tables: Table 7.1: Biomass consumption in European countries, ktoe, 1990, 2000 and 2003; Table 7.2: Biomass consumption in European countries, ktoe, 1990, 2000 and 2003; Table 7.3: Biofuels Developments at the EU Member State Level; Table 7.4: Biodiesel incentives in other countries; Table 7.5: MSW plants with direct conversion to power generation in selected EU countries; Table 7.6: Consumption of biogas schemes in the EU; Table 7.7: Production of biogas by region, TJ; Table 7.8: Installed generating capacity from biomass in OECD countries, MW, 1999 to 2004; Table 7.9: Installed generating capacity from biomass in the USA, MW, 1999 to 2004; Table 7.10: Installed generating capacity from biomass in OECD Europe, MW, 199 to 2004; Table 7.11: Installed generating capacity from biomass in Europe countries, MW, 1999 to 2004 76; Table 8.1: Biomass energy consumption by energy source and use sector, trn Btu, 2000-2004 80; Table 8.2: Estimated Cumulative Biomass Quantities in the USA (dry ton/yr), 2003; Table 8.3:USA Industrial Biomass Energy Consumption and Electricity Net Generation by Primary Purpose of Business and Energy Source, 2003, (Trillion Btus, GWh); Table 8.4: Fuel used by urban and rural households by income categories in India, 1997

Abstract

Biomass is a major source of energy supply and it is used at different levels of technology. It can be used “directly”, as in household fires or wood burning cookers, or “indirectly” after conversion into a secondary form of energy, such as biopower, biodiesel or biogas. This report is concerned with the technologies, markets and development of biomass energy, both used directly and converted from primary energy to a secondary fuel.This report is greatly expanded in coverage with much deeper and more comprehensive statistical analysis than in the 1st edition. The report is rich with data, with detailed new country analysis of biomass use contained in 150 charts and tables. The report analyses and identifies biomass supply and use by type and process. The biomass technologies are outlined, for direct consumption and transformation into secondary energy - electricity, gas, fuel. These technologies include gasification, pyrolysis, biofuel prodcution, MSW treatment, landfill gas, power generation.Each of the 29 major biomass using countries is analysed by energy and biomass usage, measuring consumption, the size of different biomass sources identifying how it is used, in he following analyses;- Fossil fuel & nuclear/renewable non-biomass/biomass Biomass supply by type - solid biomass/MWS/biofuel/biogad/industrial waste.Biomass use analysed by direct/transformation/heal/electricity/other fuel.Electricity generation from biomass historically from 1980.The report outlines the many government initiatives to support the biomass industry and R&D.

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Biomass Report Ed 2 2007

Table of Contents

Abstract