Nanotechnology in Environmental Applications

Published by: BCC Research

Published: May. 1, 2006 - 274 Pages

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

SCOPE AND FORMAT

METHODOLOGY

INFORMATION SOURCES

RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS

RELATED BCC REPORTS

DISCLAIMER

BCC ONLINE SERVICES

SUMMARY

Summary Table:

GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Summary Figure:

GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2003-2010 ($ MILLIONS)

OVERVIEW

ENVIRONMENTS IN QUESTION: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS

NANOTECHNOLOGY: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS

Table 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)

LEVELS OF DEMAND FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

EXCLUSIONS

FACTORS DRIVING DEMAND

Table 2 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 1 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 3 GLOBAL SHARE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY SECTOR, 2005 (%)

Table 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (%)

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

BACKGROUND DATA

ANATOMY OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

Table 5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (CLEAN DRY AIR)

REVIEW OF NATURAL CYCLES, SELF-CLEANSING PROCESSES, THROUGHPUT RATES, AND VOLUMES

Oxygen Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Sulfur Cycle

ATMOSPHERIC CLEANSING PROCESSES

ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATION

PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTION (POPS)

Table 6 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)

Table 7 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)

HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (HAPS)

Table 8 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

Table 9 2005 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES

HEAVY METALS

Table 10 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS

TAR BALLS

GLOBAL HOT SPOTS REQUIRING AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

Table 11 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION, THROUGH 2001

CONTEMPORARY AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES

AIR EMISSIONS/OFF-GAS REMEDIATION

NANOMATERIALS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

AMBIENT AIR PURIFICATION

Table 12 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS IN AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Nanofibers

Electrospun Cellulose Nanofibers

Polymeric Nanofibers

Spider Silk Nanofibers

"Nanospider" Nanofiber Polymers

Nanotube Fibers

Nanocrystalline Polymer Nanofibers

Ultrafine Fibers with Internal Nanometric Pores

Electrospun Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics

Meltblown Nanofibers

Islands-In-The-Sea Nanofibers

Segmented Pie-Structured Nanofibers

Coated Nanofiber Webs

Table 13 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Nanoporous Membranes

Nanoparticle-Enhanced Nanoporous Membranes

Carbonaceous Adsorptive Nanoporous Membrane

Reactive Nanoporous Membrane

Zeolite Nanoporous Membranes

Self-Assembled Monolayers On Mesoporous Supports (Samms)

Aerogel Nanoporous Membranes

Ceramic Nanoporous Membranes

Hybrid Nanoporous Membranes

Asymmetric C60 Nanoporous Membranes

Diatomic Nanoporous Membranes

Nanotube Nanoporous Membranes

Nanotubule Nanoporous Membranes

Dendrimer Functionalized Nanoporous Membranes

Carbide-Derived Carbon Nanoporous Membranes (Cdcs)

Adsorbent Filled Membranes

Gold Nanoclusters In Carbon Molecular Sieves

Nanocrystal Zeolites For Nitrogen Dioxide Decomposition

Table 15 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Potential Nanotechnology-Based Stratospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies

Potential Ozone Layer Remediation

Potential Ozone Hole Repair

Molecular Tailoring for Ozone Layer Remediation

Potential Nanotechnology-Based Tropospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies

Self-Cleaning Cements for Urban Air Remediation

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from the Open Atmosphere

Nanoporous Calcium Oxide

Sodium Hydroxide Nanoparticles

Molecular Sieves

Molecular Baskets

Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs)

Nanoparticle Enhanced Polymer Membranes

Nanotube Arrayed Membranes

Treated Serpentine Minerals

Rubisco (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase) Enzyme

Ionic Liquids

Open Atmosphere Wind-Scrubbers

Table 17 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION

Plasma Pyrolysis

Micro-Bubble Cavitation for Plasma Pyrolysis

Ocean-Based Nanotechnologies For Atmospheric Remediation

Table 18 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

Indoor Air and Dust Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

Table 19 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR

Nanometric Surfaces for Air Purification

Nanoscale Hygienic Surfaces

Nanoceramic Panels

Nanophotonics

Enhanced Air Conditioning

Antibacterial And Antibiotic Nanocolloids

Inorganic Nanotube Arrays for Indoor Air Quality

Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 22 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES IN INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 23 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Hypothetical Nanocatalytic Paints

NANOFILTRATION OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS

Nanobacteria Dispersal in Clouds

Airborne Pathogen Filtration

Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes for the Eradication of Airborne Bacteria

Reactive Nanoparticle Materials

Table 24 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS (MICRONS)

Table 25 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM

Table 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

DELETERIOUS PATTERNS IN POTABLE WATER RESERVOIRS

BACKGROUND DATA

COMPOSITION OF FRESH WATER AND OCEAN WATER

Table 27 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION

Table 28 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)

Table 29 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS

Hydrologic Cycle

Groundwater

Aquifers

Table 30 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION, 2002

WATER CONTAMINANTS

Table 31 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER

GLOBAL HOT SPOTS REQUIRING WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

Table 32 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER FILTRATION-INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, RESIDENTIAL, AND PERSONAL

NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES

REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)

NANOFILTRATION

ULTRAFILTRATION

MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES

Table 33 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION

NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE ANTI-BIOFOULING MEASURES

CROSS FLOW TURBULENT CLEANING

VIBRATORY MEMBRANE FOR ANTI-FOULING

SELF-ASSEMBLED HYBRID REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE

Table 34 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 3 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)

Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)

NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

NANOFIBERS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

Zeolite and Titania Nanofibers

Nano Alumina Fiber Filter

Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor (Spaghetti Filter)

Self-Cleaning "Smart" Fabric

The Lifestraw

NANOPARTICLES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

Catalytic Structures Synthesized By DNA Self-Assembly

Oxidic Nanotubes

Nanocrystalline Magnesia

Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays

Molybdenum Disulfide Hollow Nanospheres And Nanocrystals

Metal-Organic Frameworks (Mofs)

Polyoxometalates (POMS)

Nanoscale Dendritic Chelating Agents

Nanomagnetic Fluids

Core Shell Nanoparticles

Caged Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles (Sens)

Cationic Liposome-Microtubule Complexes

Destruction of Pesticides and Munitions Toxins with Iron-Taml Activators

NANOMEMBRANE/SIEVE-LIKE STRUCTURES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

GLAD (Glancing Angle Deposition) for Sculpted Thin-Film Fabrication

Polyfunctional Ligands

Robust Polymeric Nanoporous Materials

"Industrial Kidneys" for Heavy Metal Recovery from Wastewater

Rotaxane Activated Nano Valve

Nanotube-Based Fluid Filters

Alumoxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes

Ferroxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes

Nanoporous Solids Via Nanoparticle Templating

Nanosponges

Membrane-Embedded Nanometric Metals

PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

Photoenzymes

"Sense and Shoot" Photo-Catalytic Degradation

Fountain Photocatalytic Reactor

Ferritin Proteins for Photochemical Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Cr(Vi)

Nanoscale Tio2 Photocatalyts

Titanium Oxynitride Photocatalysts

Zinc Oxide Photodegradation

SEAWATER DESALINATION

HIGH VOLUME SEAWATER DESALINATION

HYDROGEL-BRIDGED NANOFLUIDIC POLYCARBONATE MEMBRANES

AEROGEL CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION

MAGNETOFERRITIN FOR DESALINATION

NANOCOMPOSITE REVERSE-SELECTIVE MEMBRANES

FORWARD OSMOSIS FILTER

ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRODE CAPACITATOR

Table 36 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

OIL SPILL REMEDIATION

ORGANICALLY MODIFIED CLAYS

ROBUST SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS (SAMS)

PHOTOSENSITIZED COLLOIDAL TITANIUM DIOXIDE

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RECOVERY

URANIUM CONCENTRATION FROM SEAWATER VIA NANOFILTRATION

URANIUM DEGRADATION WITH BACTERIA

NANOCOMPOSITE PILLARED CLAY CATALYSTS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE APPLICATIONS

MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS

MULTIPLE-USE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOCATALYSIS OF CONTAMINANTS

CYCLODEXTRIN NANOPOROUS POLYMERS

SMART NANOPARTICLES

PRECISION CHEMISTRY FOR CONTAMINANT ERADICATION

POTENTIAL FOR COMPLETE DEGRADATION OF CONTAMINANTS

VAULT NANOCAPSULES FOR CONTAMINANT ENCAPSULATION AND DEGRADATION

Table 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)

Table 38 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)

Figure 5 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION

Table 39 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION MARKET, 2004 (PRESENT AND PROJECTED SITES REQUIRING CLEANUP)

BACKGROUND DATA

ANATOMY AND COMPOSITION OF HEALTHY SOILS

Biological Soil Crust

Topsoil

Vadose Zone

Hardpan

Water Table

FORMAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION

GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION

Table 40 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION

CONTEMPORARY SOIL/ GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES

IN SITU BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION

IN SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL REMEDIATION

IN SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION

EX SITU BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION

EX SITU PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL REMEDIATION (ASSUMING EXCAVATION)

EX SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION (ASSUMING EXCAVATION)

NANOPARTICLES FOR SOIL REMEDIATION

NANOSCALE IRON COLLOIDS

IRON-PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES FOR GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

FERROGELS

BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES

NANOCLAYS FOR SOIL REMEDIATION

METAL OXIDE DESTRUCTIVE ADSORBANTS

ASSEMBLY OF REMEDIAL METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH PROTEINS

POLYMERIC/ INORGANIC HYBRID SORBENT FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL

AMPHIPHILIC POLYURETHANE NANONETWORK POLYMER PARTICLES

POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES

NANOPARTICLE FARMING

GEOPOLYMERS FOR ENCAPSULATION/IMMOBILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

Table 41 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA

GEOPOLYMERS FOR ENCAPSULATION/IMMOBILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES

NANO-ORGANICS IN SOIL REMEDIATION

BACTERIA IN SOIL REMEDIATION

Table 42 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED NANOSCALE BIOPOLYMERS

GENETICALLY MODIFIED BACTERIA FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER BIOREMEDIATION

Table 43 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 44 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 6 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

HYPOTHETICAL TRI-PURPOSE REMEDIATION

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED SUBSTITUTES FOR MATERIALS, MECHANISMS, AND PROCESSES

TRANSPORTATION

Nanomaterial Rubber Replacements

Nanoclay Tire Sealants

Nanoscale Catalytic Converters

Nanomaterials Enhance Fuel Efficiency

Nanocomposites

Nanometric Self-Cleaning Coatings

Nanosensors

Nanoparticle Solid Lubricants

Cleaner Fuels Using Molybdenum Disulfide (Mos2) Nanoclusters

CO2 Solvents

PESTICIDE REPLACEMENTS

Pesticide Nanoencapsulation

Nano Green

Nanocages for Pesticides

Biocidal Silver for Crop Protection

Silver Biocidal Coatings for Meat Processing

Livestock and Aquaculture

Fishpond Cleaning with Nanoparticles

DNA Nanocapsule Vaccination

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

"Ecosphere" Nanoparticle Cardboard Adhesive

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Nano-Engineered Barrier Plastics

Enhanced Insulating Materials

NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED RECYCLING

Plastic Substitutes and Recycling

On-Site/At-Source (Os/As) -Nanotechnology-Enhanced Recycling

On-Site/At-Source Manufacturing Sector Recovery And Recycling

Continuous Water Recycling Loops

NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION

Biological Systems-Molecular Level Energy Harvesting/ Generation

Glucose-Powered Catalytic Biofuel Cell

Enzymatically Active Thin Films

Photoelectrocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFE)

NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Spray-on Solar Cells

Full-Spectrum Solar Cells

Artificial Photosynthesis

Artificial Solar Leaves

Photosystem I Protein Complex

Organic Photovoltaics

Tandem Solar Cells

Photovoltaic Paint

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND FUEL PRODUCTION

Fuel Production Via Artificial Photosynthesis

Nanotechnology-Based Fuel Cells

HYDROGEN STORAGE

Nanographite

METAL-DOPED CARBON AEROGELS

NANOTUBES

NANOSCROLLS

ZEOLITES

WATER SPLITTING FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED BATTERIES

Table 45 GLOBAL BATTERY SALES IN 2004 ($ BILLIONS)

LITHIUM BATTERIES

NANO-BATTERY

CARBON AEROGEL ULTRACAPACITORS

NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN FORESTRY

FOREST PRODUCTS PROCESSING

BIOCIDAL SILVER FOR WOOD PRESERVATION

NANOCOMPOSITE BUILDING MATERIALS

WOOD CELL WALLS

NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN MANUFACTURING

MANUFACTURING PARADIGM SHIFT-HYPOTHETICAL SCENARIO

DNA-BASED MANUFACTURING

Initial Assembly

Intermediate Assembly

Final Assembly

Outlook

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE

Table 46 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, THROUGH 2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 7 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2003-2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)

NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO AIR QUALITY MAINTENANCE

QUANTUM DOT NANOSENSORS

LUMINESCENT NANOSCALE SEMICONDUCTORS

NANOSCALE METAL OXIDE MOLECULAR SIEVES

MOLECULAR SIEVE THIN FILMS

NANOMECHANICAL BIOSENSORS

MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOSTRUCTURES

SELF-ASSEMBLING NANOINTERFEROMETRIC CAVITIES

SINGLE MOLECULE DETECTION

CARBON NANOTUBE COATED ACOUSTIC/OPTICAL HYBRID SENSOR

OPTICAL NANOCOMPOSITES

PLANAR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL

PLASMONIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS

NANOMETRIC ARTIFICIAL OPALS

FIBER-OPTIC NANOBIOSENSORS FOR NITRIC OXIDE, NITRITE, AND CHLORIDE

PORE PROTEINS FOR METAL ION SENSING

RESISTIVE-PULSE MOLECULAR AND ION SENSORS

BROWNIAN MODULATED OPTICAL NANOPROBES (MOONS)

NANOSCALE AFFINITY BIOSENSORS

PIEZORESISTIVE NANOMECHANICAL MICRO/NANOCANTILEVERS

METAL OXIDE NANOBELTS, NANORIBBONS, NANOCANTILEVERS

NANOSTRUCTURED PHOTONIC SILICON FOR GAS SENSING

NANOPARTICLE COLORIMETRIC LEAD SENSOR

MEMS-BASED NANOSENSOR PACKAGING FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

NANOCOMPOSITE THIN-FILM CHEMICAL SENSORS

NANOMETRIC RPVS (REMOTE PILOTED VEHICLES)

INORGANIC NANOTUBE HYDROGEN SENSORS

PASSIVE CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED AMMONIA SENSOR

PEBBLE PLATFORM NANOSENSORS

EXPLOSIVES DETECTION WITH SILOLE AND POLYSILOLE NANOWIRES AND NANOPARTICLES

ELECTRONIC NOSE

NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY MAINTENANCE

RAPID DIAGNOSTICS FOR BACTERIA

NANOSTRUCTURED POROUS SILICON AND LUMINESCENT POLYSILOLES

POLYELECTROLYTE HOLLOW NANOCAPSULE REACTION CAGES

IONIC POLYMERIC METAL COMPOSITES (IPMC) NANOSENSORS

ORGANO-CLAY FILM NANOSENSORS

HOST-GUEST SYSTEM CONTAMINANT SEQUESTRATION

CELLULOSE FIBRIL PIEZO-NANOSENSORS

ELECTRONIC TONGUE

ATOMIC CRYSTAL LAYERS

NANOPOROUS POLYMER GAS SENSORS

NANOWIRE AND NANOCRYSTAL FIELD-EFFECT SENSORS

NANOSHELLS

UNIVERSAL NANOSENSING PLATFORM

NANOSENSOR NETWORKS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINENTANCE

SENSORNET SYSTEM

LOCALLY PERVASIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL INTELLIGENT SENSING NODES

SMART DUST

WAVENIS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

WIRELESS MICROCLIMATE MONITORING SYSTEM

RADIO CHIPS

MESH NETWORK STRATEGIES

ENVIRONMENTAL "COLLECTIVE" CELL PHONE SENSOR NET

NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO FORESTRY

AGRICULTURAL NANOSENSOR NETWORKS

RADIATION DETECTION

DENDRITIC POLYMERS

SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR-NORMAL METAL (SIN) TUNNEL JUNCTION

QUANTUM DOT UV LIGHT DETECTORS FOR NANOSENSORS

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT

NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING ENHANCEMENT

Table 47 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM PRODUCT LABELING (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ENHANCEMENT

TOPSOIL BINDER

BUCKYBALL FERTILIZER

TITANIUM DIOXIDE COLLOID FOR PLANT GROWTH ENHANCEMENT

FUNCTIONAL FOODS

COLLOIDOSOMES

DNA AND GENETIC THERAPY FOR PLANTS

ATOMIC LEVEL SEED MODIFICATION

Table 48 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE METHODS

Table 49 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND HUMAN HEALTH ISSUES

NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY

Table 50 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO BIOSYSTEMS

POTENTIAL NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

SELF-REGULATED ASSEMBLY AND BUILT-IN DISASSEMBLY OF NANOSTRUCTURES

Molecular Assemblers

Nanostructure Disassembly Strategies

Global Ecophagy

Potential Nanoparticle-Fate and Effect Forecasting

BRIEF SURVEY OF NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Aerosolized Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media and Foods:

Nanoparticle Effects on Blood Cells

Carbon Nanotubes and Human T Lymphocytes

Nanoscale and Microscale Zinc Powders

Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Cytotoxicity of C60 Aggregates

Toggling of C60Toxicity

BIONANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE

COMPANY PROFILES, PATENT OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS

ALTAIR NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC., RENO, NV

APNANO MATERIALS, INC., NEW YORK, NY

APPLIED NANOTECH INC., AUSTIN, TX

APPLIED SCIENCES INC., CEDARVILLE, OH

CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY, INC., SAN JOSE, CA

DONALDSON CO., INC., MINNEAPOLIS, MN

DUST NETWORKS, HAYWARD, CA

ELMARCO, LIBEREC, CZECH REPUBLIC

EMEMBRANE, INC., PROVIDENCE, RI

EMERGENCY FILTRATION PRODUCTS, INC., (EFP) HENDERSON, NV

ESPIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CHATTANOOGA, TN

HEPA CORP., ANAHEIM, CA

HILLS, INC., WEST MELBOURNE, FLA.

HOLLINGSWORTH & VOSE, EAST WALPOLE, MA

HYBRID PLASTICS, INC., HATTIESBURG, MS

INAX CORP., UENO-CITY, JAPAN

INFRAMAT CORP., FARMINGTON, CT

JOHNS MANVILLE, DENVER, CO

KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS, INC., WILMINGTON, MASS.

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP., ROMEOVILLE, IL

NANOSCALE MATERIALS INC., MANHATTAN, KS

NANOSTELLAR INC., MENLO PARK, CA

NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC., AUSTIN, TX

OXONICA PLC, OXFORDSHIRE, UK

QUANTUMSPHERE, INC., COSTA MESA, CA

SENSICORE, ANN ARBOR, MI

VALEO, PARIS, FRANCE

PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

CONCLUSION

Table 51 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT-PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO PRESENT

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES, POLICIES, AND LAWS

NANOTECHNOLOGY POLICY PERSPECTIVES

FOOD FOR THOUGHT-ETHICAL AND MORAL CONSIDERATIONS

CASES IN POINT

CONCLUSION

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table: GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)

Table 2 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 3 GLOBAL SHARE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY SECTOR, 2005 (%)

Table 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (%)

Table 5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (CLEAN DRY AIR)

Table 6 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)

Table 7 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)

Table 8 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

Table 9 2005 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES

Table 10 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS

Table 11 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION, THROUGH 2001

Table 12 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS IN AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 13 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 15 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 17 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION

Table 18 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 19 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR

Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 22 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES IN INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 23 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 24 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS (MICRONS)

Table 25 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM

Table 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)

Table 27 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION

Table 28 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)

Table 29 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS

Table 30 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION, 2002

Table 31 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER

Table 32 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION

Table 33 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION

Table 34 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)

Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)

Table 36 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)

Table 38 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)

Table 39 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION MARKET, 2004 (PRESENT AND PROJECTED SITES REQUIRING CLEANUP)

Table 40 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION

Table 41 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA

Table 42 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

Table 43 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 44 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 45 GLOBAL BATTERY SALES IN 2004 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 46 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, THROUGH 2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)

Table 47 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM PRODUCT LABELING (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)

Table 48 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE METHODS

Table 49 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE

Table 50 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO BIOSYSTEMS

Table 51 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT-PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO PRESENT

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure: GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2003-2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 1 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 3 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 5 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)

Figure 6 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 7 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2003-2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)

Abstract

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