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Immunotherapy in Oncology: Gaining Momentum

Published by: BioSeeker Group AB

Published: Aug. 4, 2006 - 228 Pages


Table of Contents


1 Executive Summary




2 Methodology




3 Table of Contents

3.1 List of Boxes

3.2 List of Figures

3.3 List of Tables




4 Vaccine Strategies: Challenges & Opportunities




5 Key Antibody Developmental Strategies




6 Competitive Landscape in Cancer Vaccines

6.1 Countries & Players: Who are In the Lead?


6.1.1 Top 10 Players Constitute Up to One Third of R&D: Big Pharma Not Included!

6.1.2 Approved Cancer Vaccine Drugs: Performance


6.2 Deals & Alliances in Cancer Vaccines


6.2.1 Recent Mergers & Acquisitions in Cancer Vaccines

6.2.2 Deals in Prostate Cancer

6.2.3 Deals in Breast Cancer

6.2.4 Deals in Leukemia & Lymphoma

6.2.5 Drug Delivery Deals in Cancer Vaccines

6.2.6 Adjuvant Deals




7 Antibody Deals on the Rise

7.1 Antibody Deals in Phase III


7.1.1 Deal Situation: MDX 010

7.1.2 Deal Situation: WX G250

7.1.3 Deal Situation: Zanolimumab


7.2 Antibody Deals in Phase II


7.2.1 Deal Situation: Mapatumumab

7.2.2 Deal Situation: GCR 3888

7.2.3 Deal Situation: MDX 070

7.2.4 Deal Situation: CDP 860

7.2.5 Deal Situation: Tru-Scint OV

7.2.6 Deal Situation: SC 1

7.2.7 Deal Situation: PRO 70769

7.2.8 Deal Situation: XR 303

7.2.9 Deal Situation: HumaRAD-HN




8 Tumor Antigens

8.1 Tumor Antigens: General Comments

8.2 Antigen Discovery


8.2.1 Classical Immunology Approach

8.2.2 The Reverse Immunology Approach

8.2.3 Company Platforms


8.2.3.1 Epitope Identification System - EIS®

8.2.3.2 EPIQUEST system

8.2.3.3 MolecularBreeding™ & MaxyScan™

8.2.3.4 ProtEx™ technology

8.2.3.5 Rapid Identification of Alternative Splicing (RIAS) System

8.2.3.6 SMARTOMICS™



8.3 Specific Antigen Processing Technologies Increasing Antigen Presentation




9 Immunomodulators & Adjuvants in Cancer Vaccines

9.1 Overview

9.2 Cytokines


9.2.1 Vaccines in Combination with Interleukin-2

9.2.2 Tumor Necrosis Factor

9.2.3 Interferons


9.3 Adjuvants

9.4 Other Immunomodulating Strategies


9.4.1 An Immune Response Modifying Protein

9.4.2 Immunostimulatory DNA

9.4.3 Ex Vivo Stimulated Immune Cells

9.4.4 Fusion Protein Gain Potent Immune Response

9.4.5 Macrophage and Natural Killer Cells Activation

9.4.6 Selective Suppression of the Immune System to An Antigen

9.4.7 TAP Technology




10 Cancer Vaccine Delivery

10.1 Viral Delivery


10.1.1 Introduction

10.1.2 Viral Constructs Put into Use


10.1.2.1 Replicon-based RNA and DNA vaccines


10.1.2.1.1 The Alphavaccine Platform System - ArV™

10.1.2.1.2 MVA-BN


10.1.2.2 Retroviruses


10.1.2.2.1 The SDSV-platform


10.1.2.3 Lentivirus


10.1.2.3.1 LentiPak™

10.1.2.3.2 LentiVector™/ pEGASUS™


10.1.2.4 Adenoviruses


10.1.2.4.1 Failed Adenovirus Delivery Platforms

10.1.2.4.2 GVAX

10.1.2.4.3 TNFerade™

10.1.2.4.4 INGN-225


10.1.2.5 Adeno-associated viruses


10.1.2.5.1 Failed AAV Delivery Platforms

10.1.2.5.2 Genzyme Acquires AAV vector Technology

10.1.2.5.3 MediGene’s AAV Platform


10.1.2.6 Herpes Simplex Viruses


10.1.2.6.1 DISC-HSV

10.1.2.6.2 ImmunoVEX


10.1.2.7 Poxviruses


10.1.2.7.1 Hi-8™ PrimeBoost™ platform

10.1.2.7.2 PROSTVAC-VF

10.1.2.7.3 Transgene’s MVA Platform

10.1.2.7.4 TroVax


10.1.2.8 Other Poxvirus Systems

10.1.2.9 Baculovirus


10.1.2.9.1 Chimeric virus -like particles (CVLPs)




10.2 Bacterias

10.3 Cell Therapy: Dendritic-cell Based & Cancer-Cell Based Therapies


10.3.1 Introduction

10.3.2 Cell Therapy Strategies


10.3.2.1 Processed Tumor Cells

10.3.2.2 Lysed Tumor Cell Line

10.3.2.3 The Dendritic Cell Strategy that Didn’t Work Out

10.3.2.4 HSPs

10.3.2.5 Provenge™

10.3.2.6 Dendritophages

10.3.2.7 Cell-targeting Antibodies

10.3.2.8 Increase Dendritic Cell Number

10.3.2.9 DCVax®

10.3.2.10 ACTIVATE™



10.4 Synthetic Delivery Systems & Strategies


10.4.1 Introduction

10.4.2 Biotransport™

10.4.3 Biotype®vector

10.4.4 DNAVax Gene Delivery System

10.4.5 FusitAb™

10.4.6 GeneDrug™

10.4.7 Molecular Conjugates

10.4.8 Naked DNA Delivery

10.4.9 PVLP Technology

10.4.10 Sphingosomal Drug Delivery Technology

10.4.11 STEALTH

10.4.12 Failed Liposomal Systems




11 New Approaches in Antibody Delivery and Design - The Next Generation

11.1 How to Make Them Smaller and Different?

11.2 Biomaterials in Sustained Delivery Applications


11.2.1 Implants


11.3 Gene delivery - the Future?


11.3.1 Delivery Vehicles for DNA

11.3.2 Gene Delivery in Commercialization




12 Cancer Vaccines in Development: By Major Indications

12.1 General Oncology Overview

12.2 Progress Analysis - Melanoma

12.3 Progress Analysis - Breast Cancer

12.4 Progress Analysis - Prostate Cancer

12.5 Progress Analysis - Lung Cancer

12.6 Progress Analysis - Colorectal Cancer

12.7 Progress Analysis - Cervical Cancer




13 Antibodies in Clinical Development


13.1.1 Prostate Cancer Therapeutics

13.1.2 Breast Cancer Therapeutics

13.1.3 Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics

13.1.4 Melanoma Therapeutics

13.1.5 Hematological Cancers Therapeutics


13.2 Antibodies in Phase III Clinical Development


13.2.1 Progress Analysis: IGN 101


13.2.1.1 Breast Cancer

13.2.1.2 Lung Cancer

13.2.1.3 Colorectal cancer


13.2.2 Progress Analysis: MDX 010


13.2.2.1 Melanoma

13.2.2.2 Breast Cancer

13.2.2.3 Prostate Cancer

13.2.2.4 Kidney Cancer


13.2.3 Progress Analysis: ONYVAX 105


13.2.3.1 Colorectal cancer

13.2.3.2 Other Indications


13.2.4 Progress Analysis: Ovarex


13.2.4.1 Ovarian cancer


13.2.5 Progress Analysis: Panitumumab


13.2.5.1 Solid tumors

13.2.5.2 Colorectal cancer

13.2.5.3 Lung Cancer

13.2.5.4 Kidney Cancer


13.2.6 Progress Analysis: RENCAREX


13.2.6.1 Kidney Cancer


13.2.7 Progress Analysis: Nimotuzumab


13.2.7.1 Brain cancer

13.2.7.2 Pancreatic cancer

13.2.7.3 Head and neck cancer

13.2.7.4 Lung Cancer


13.2.8 Progress Analysis: TransMID


13.2.8.1 Brain Cancer


13.2.9 Progress Analysis: Lintuzumab


13.2.9.1 Leukemia


13.2.10 Progress Analysis: Zanolimumab


13.2.10.1 Lymphoma



13.3 Antibodies in Phase II Clinical Development


13.3.1 Progress Analysis: ABT-510


13.3.1.1 Kidney Cancer

13.3.1.2 Soft Tissue Sarcoma

13.3.1.3 Lung Cancer


13.3.2 Progress Analysis: BB 10901


13.3.2.1 Lung Cancer

13.3.2.2 Multiple Myeloma


13.3.3 Progress Analysis: CP 675206


13.3.3.1 Melanoma


13.3.4 Progress Analysis: CNTO-328


13.3.4.1 Kidney Cancer

13.3.4.2 Multiple Myeloma

13.3.4.3 Prostate cancer


13.3.5 Progress Analysis: Ecromeximab


13.3.5.1 Melanoma


13.3.6 Progress Analysis: EMD 273063


13.3.6.1 Melanoma


13.3.7 Progress Analysis: WX-G250RIT


13.3.7.1 Billary Cancer

13.3.7.2 Kidney Cancer


13.3.8 Progress Analysis: HGS-ETR1


13.3.8.1 Lung Cancer

13.3.8.2 Lymphoma

13.3.8.3 Colorectal Cancer

13.3.8.4 HGS-ETR2


13.3.9 Progress Analysis: HuMax-CD20


13.3.9.1 Lymphoma


13.3.10 Progress Analysis: HuMax-EGFr


13.3.10.1 Head and Neck Cancer


13.3.11 Progress Analysis: Galiximab


13.3.11.1 Lymphoma


13.3.12 Progress Analysis: PROXINIUM


13.3.12.1 Head and Neck Cancer

13.3.12.2 Bladder Cancer


13.3.13 Progress Analysis: RAV12


13.3.13.1 Colorectal Cancer


13.3.14 Progress Analysis: SGN-15


13.3.14.1 Lung Cancer

13.3.14.2 Prostate Cancer

13.3.14.3 Metastatic Breast and Colorectal Cancer


13.3.15 Progress Analysis: SGN-30


13.3.15.1 Lymphoma


13.3.16 Progression Analysis: VEGF-Trap


13.3.16.1 Solid Tumors


13.3.17 Progress Analysis: MEDI 522


13.3.17.1 Colorectal Cancer

13.3.17.2 Melanoma


13.3.18 Progress Analysis: Volociximab


13.3.18.1 Kidney Cancer





14 Disclaimer

14.1 Liability

14.2 Completeness




15 Drug Index




16 Company Index




3.1 List of Boxes

Box 1: Mechanisms Which Tumor Cells Use to Evade an Immune Reaction

Box 2: M-VAX - Business & Market Bakground

Box 3: Gardasil: Business & Market Background

Box 4: The Principal Terms of Deal between AstraZeneca and Cambridge Antibody Technology

Box 5: TNF in Cancer Treatments

Box 6: Marrion’s Drug Delivery Technology

Box 9: Quick Facts - IGN 101

Box 11: Quick Facts - MDX 010

Box 12: Quick Facts - ONYVAX 105

Box 13: Quick Facts - Ovarex

Box 14: Quick Facts - Panitumumab

Box 15: Quick Facts - RENCARNEX

Box 16: Quick Facts - Nimotuzumab

Box 17: Quick Facts - RENCARNEX

Box 18: Quick Facts - Lintuzumab

Box 19: Quick Facts - Zanolimumab

Box 20: Quick Facts - ABT-510

Box 21: Quick Facts - BB 10901

Box 22: Quick Facts - CP-675206

Box 23: Quick Facts - CNTO-328

Box 24: Quick Facts - Ecromeximab

Box 25: Quick Facts - EMD-273063

Box 26: Quick Facts - WX-G250RIT

Box 27: Quick Facts - HGS-ETR1

Box 28: Quick Facts - HuMax-CD20

Box 29: Quick Facts - HuMax-EGFr

Box 30: Quick Facts - Galiximab

Box 31: Quick Facts - PROXINIUM

Box 32: Quick Facts - RAV12

Box 33: Quick Facts -SGN-15

Box 34: Quick Facts -SGN-30

Box 35: Quick Facts - VEGF-Trap

Box 36: Quick Facts - MEDI 522

Box 37: Quick Facts - Volociximab




3.2 List of Figures

Figure 1: Top 10 Countries in Cancer Vaccine Research

Figure 2: Top 10 Companies’ Clinical Trial Progress in Cancer Vaccine

Figure 3: 2003-2005 Deals & Alliances in Cancer Vaccine

Figure 4: Distribution of Cancer Vaccine Trials in Melanoma

Figure 5: Distribution of Cancer Vaccine Trials in Breast Cancer

Figure 6: Distribution of Cancer Vaccine Trials in Prostate Cancer

Figure 7: Distribution of Cancer Vaccine Trials in Lung Cancer

Figure 8: Distribution of Cancer Vaccine Trials in Colorectal Cancer

Figure 9: Distribution of Cancer Vaccine Trials in Cervical Cancer




3.3 List of Tables

Table 1: Summary of Strategies Enhancing Antibody Function

Table 2: Companies with Cancer Vaccine Drugs on Market

Table 3: Antigen Classification

Table 4: Platforms Used to Improve Antigen Presentation

Table 5: Cancer Vaccines in Clinical Trials in Combination with Interleukin-2

Table 6: Adjuvants in Cancer Vaccines

Table 7: Synthetic Delivery Systems Deployed in Cancer in General and Cancer Vaccines in Particular

Table 8: Potential Advantages in Local, Controlled-Release for Therapeutic Antibodies

Table 9: Drug Delivery Companies with Cancer Focus

Table 10: FDA Approved Polymer-based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer

Table 11 Top 10 Cancer Indications in Non-Antibody Based Cancer Vaccines

Table 12: Discountinued Phase I to Phase III Cancer Vaccine Drugs

Table 13: List of Phase I to Phase III Cancer Vaccines in Development for Melanoma

Table 14: List of Phase I to Phase III Cancer Vaccines in Development for Breast Cancer

Table 15: List of Phase I to Phase III Cancer Vaccines in Development for Prostate Cancer

Table 16: List of Phase I to Phase III Cancer Vaccines in Development for Lung Cancer

Table 17: List of Phase I to Phase III Cancer Vaccines in Development for Colorectal Cancer

Table 18: List of Phase I to Phase III Cancer Vaccines in Development for Cervical Cancer

Table 19: Antibody Therapeutics in Prostate Cancer

Table 20: Antibody Therapeutics in Breast Cancer

Table 21: Antibody Therapeutics in Colorectal Cancer

Table 22: Antibody Therapeutics in Melanoma

Table 23: Antibody Therapeutics in Hematological Cancer

Table 24: MDX-010’s Collaborative History and Landscape

Abstract

Introduction

The immunotherapy field in cancer has never been more potent than it is right now, including block buster drugs like Avastin, Erbitux, and Rituxan. Antibodies are making the headlines but cancer vaccines are not far away. The recent approval of Gardasil, a cervical cancer vaccine, will certainly become a strong representative of its kind. Future challenges for the industry lie in discovering strong antigens, effective immunomodulators and developing suitable delivery technologies.

Scope of this report
  • In-depth competitive landscape assessment of the cancer immunotherapy market place; Including more than 200 immunotherapy drugs and pharmaceutical companies
  • Thorough review of tumor antigen discovery, immunomodulating strategies and adjuvants
  • Thorough review of antibody and vaccine delivery and technologies surrounding it - The next generation
  • Progress analysis of six major cancer vaccine indications and late stage antibody development projects, including players, drugs, clinical progress and pitfalls
Research and analysis highlights

Among the targeted therapies for cancer, immunotherapy is probably the most versatile treatment strategy for the eradication of tumors, metastatic spread or not. Main strategies of cancer immunotherapy aim at exploiting the therapeutic potential of tumor-specific antibodies and cellular immune effector mechanisms (vaccines). Active immunotherapy, aiming at the generation of a tumor-specific immune response combining both humoral and cytotoxic T cell effector mechanisms by the host’s immune system, is advancing over passive antibody therapy, which relies on the repeated application of large quantities of tumor antigen-specific antibodies.

Key reasons to read this report
  • Understand the clinical and strategic challenges to the commercialization of immunotherapy drugs
  • Assess opportunities and risks for the continued development of both cancer antibodies and vaccines in different cancer indications.
  • Adopt knowledge from this analysis to drive strategic planning decisions in oncology drug development


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