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Kinase Inhibitors

Published by: BCC Research

Published: Jan. 1, 2006 - 153 Pages


Table of Contents



INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

SCOPE AND FORMAT

METHODOLOGY

INFORMATION SOURCES

AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS

RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS

BCC ONLINE SERVICES

DISCLAIMER


SUMMARY

Summary Table: GLOBAL FORECAST OF MARKET FOR KINASE INHIBITORS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Summary Figure:GLOBAL FORECAST OF MARKET FOR KINASE INHIBITORS BY TYPE, 2002-2010 ($ MILLION)


OVERVIEW

THE CELLULAR ROLE OF KINASES

INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN KINASES

KINASES AS ATTRACTIVE DRUG TARGETS

Table 1 ATTRACTIVE FEATURES OF PROTEIN KINASES

KINASE INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL USE AND CLINICAL TRIALS

Table 2 FDA-APPROVED* KINASE INHIBITORS

Table 3 KINASE INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL TRIALS

Table 4 NUMBER OF KINASE INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL TRIALS, BY PHASE

Table 5 COMPANIES WITH KINASE INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL TRIALS

DATABASES AND LARGE SCALE INITIATIVES

Table 6 KINASE DATABASES

KINBASE

KINASENET

KINASE SEQUENCE DATABASE (KSD)

KINMUTBASE

SCANSITE


TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

TYPES OF KINASE INHIBITORS

Table 7 COMPARISON OF TYPES OF INHIBITORS

SMALL MOLECULE KINASE INHIBITORS

Mechanisms of Small-Molecule Inhibitors

Table 8 COMPARISON OF ATP COMPETITIVE AND NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITORS

ATP Competitive Inhibitors

Non-ATP Competitive Inhibitors

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

ISSUES OF SPECIFICITY

PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND MODELING

RATIONAL DESIGN


PATENT EVALUATION

PATENT SHARE BY KINASE TYPE

Table 9 KINASE INHIBITOR PATENTS BY TARGET MOLECULE, AUGUST 2003 TO AUGUST 2005

Table 10 KINASE INHIBITOR PATENTS BY DISEASE, AUGUST 2003 TO AUGUST 2005

RECENT PATENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE

PHARMACIA CORP. P38 INHIBITOR

CYCLACEL CDK INHIBITORS

PARKER HUGHES INSTITUTE PATENT ON EGFR INHIBITORS AND MODEL

Table 11 KINASE INHIBITOR PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE

Table 12 KINASE INHIBITOR PATENTS BY REGION, 2004


MARKET FOR RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS

TOTAL MARKET SIZE

Table 13 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 1 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET BY PRODUCT, 2002-2010 ($ MILLIONS)

RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE BIOLOGY

INHIBITORS OF ERBB/HER FAMILY PROTEIN KINASES

EGFR INHIBITORS

IN CLINICAL USE

Erbitux (cetuximab)

Tarceva (Erlotinib)

Iressa (gefitinib)

FDA Approval in the United States

Fast Track Approval in Japan

Post-Market Studies of Iressa

GLOBAL MARKET FOR EGFR INHIBITORS

Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EGFR INHIBITORS BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

IN DEVELOPMENT

PKI-166

Canertinib (CI-1033)

SU-11464

Matuzumab (Emd7200)

EKB-569

Zd6474

HER2 INHIBITORS

IN CLINICAL USE

Herceptin

HER2 INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

GW-572016 (lapatinib ditosylate)

GLOBAL MARKET FOR HER2 INHIBITORS

Table 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HER2 INHIBITORS BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

VEGF RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES

OVERVIEW

VEGF RECEPTOR KINASE INHIBITORS IN DEVELOPMENT

Zd6474

PKC-412

Sutent (formerly SU-11248)

Vatalanib (Ptk787/ZK222584)

FLT3 KINASE

OVERVIEW

FLT3 INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

CEP-701

PKC-412

SU5614

Sutent (Formerly SU11248)

MLN518

XL999

VX-322


MARKET FOR NON-RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS

TOTAL MARKET SIZE AND BACKGROUND

Table 16 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NONRECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 2 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NONRECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET, 2002-2010 ($ MILLIONS)

ABL KINASES

ABL INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL USE

Gleevec

GLOBAL MARKET FOR ABL INHIBITORS

Table 17 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR ABL INHIBITORS MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

SRC KINASES

OVERVIEW

SRC KINASE INHIBITORS IN DEVELOPMENT

Azd0530

BMS-354825

SKI-606

TARGEGEN INHIBITOR

JANUS (JAK) KINASES

OVERVIEW

JAK INHIBITORS IN DEVELOPMENT

CP-690

AG-490

WHI-P154, WHI-P131


MARKET FOR SERINE-THREONINE KINASE INHIBITORS

TOTAL MARKET SIZE

Table 18 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR SERINE-THREONINE KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 3 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR SERINE-THREONINE KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET BY PRODUCT, 2002-2010 ($ MILLIONS)

MTOR KINASES

OVERVIEW

MTOR INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL USE

Rapamune

Certican (Everolimus)

GLOBAL MARKET FOR MTOR INHIBITORS

Table 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MTOR INHIBITORS BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

MTOR INHIBITORS IN DEVELOPMENT

AP23573

RHO KINASES

OVERVIEW

RHO KINASE FAMILY INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL USE

Eril (Fasudil hydrochloride)

GLOBAL MARKET FOR RHO KINASE INHIBITORS

Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RHO KINASE INHIBITORS BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASES

OVERVIEW

CDK INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

Flavopiridol

Seliciclib (CYC202, roscovitine)

SNS-032 (formerly BMS-387032)

PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC)

OVERVIEW

PKC INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

Ruboxistaurin

Pkc412

Bryostatin

KAI-9803

PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-3-KINASE (PI3K)

OVERVIEW

PI3 KINASE INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

SF1126

AURORA KINASES

OVERVIEW

AURORA KINASE INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

VX-680

Azd1152

MAP/MEK KINASES

OVERVIEW

MAPK/MEK INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

Arry-142886 (AZD-6244)

SCIO-469

GW681323 (SB-681323)

JUN N-TERMINAL KINASES (JNK)

OVERVIEW

JNK INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

CC-401

CEP-1347


MARKET FOR KINASE INHIBITORS BY DISEASE APPLICATION

TOTAL MARKET SIZE

Table 21 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET BY CURRENT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLION)

CURRENT APPLICATIONS

CANCER

Market Size by Kinase Inhibitors

Table 22 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET IN CANCER TREATMENT BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Types of Cancer

Lung Cancer

EGFR Inhibitors for lung cancer treatment

Breast Cancer

ERB/HER2 inhibitors for breast cancer treatment

CDK Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment

Leukemias

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

BCR-ABL Inhibitors for leukemia treatment

Flt3 Inhibitors for leukemia treatment

Colorectal Cancer

EGFR inhibitors for colorectal cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

EGFR inhibitors for pancreatic cancer treatment

Skin Cancers

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma

EGFR inhibitors for skin cancer treatment

MAPK/ERK Inhibitors for skin cancer Treatment

PKC Inhibitors for skin cancer Treatment

PI3K Inhibitors for skin cancer Treatment

Ras/Raf Inhibitors in Skin Cancer Treatment


IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

Market size by Kinase Inhibitors

Table 23 WORLDWIDE MARKET FOR KINASE INHIBITORS IN IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2010 (UNITS MILLIONS)

Immunosuppression for Organ transplantation

mTOR inhibitors for Immunosuppression

Asthma

MAPK Inhibitors in Asthma Treatment

Arthritis

MAPK Inhibitors in Arthritis Treatment

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Market Size by Kinase Inhibitors

Table 24 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE TREATMENT BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLION)

Rho Kinases for Cardiovascular Disease

MAPK Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Treatment

MEK/MAPK1 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Disease

JNK inhibitors for Cardiovascular disease

EMERGING APPLICATIONS

DIABETES

VEGF Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes

FLT3 Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes

PKC Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetes

MACULAR DEGENERATION

VEGF Inhibitors for Macular Degeneration

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

GSK kinase Inhibitors for Neurological Disease

CDK inhibitors for Neurological Disease


MAJOR COMPANIES AND MARKET SHARE

MARKET SHARES

Table 25 SALES AND MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES INVOLVED IN KINASE INHIBITORS, 2005 ($ MILLIONS AND %)

Table 26 SALES AND MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES INVOLVED IN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS, 2005 ($ MILLIONS AND %)

Table 27 SALES AND MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES INVOLVED IN SERINE THREONINE KINASE INHIBITORS, 2005 ($ MILLIONS AND %)


COMPANY PROFILES

AMBIT BIOSCIENCES

AMGEN

ARIAD PHARMACEUTICALS

ASTRAZENECA

BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM

CEPHALON INC.

CEPTYR, INC.

CGI PHARMACEUTICALS, INC

CHIRON, INC.

CYCLACEL LIMITED

EXELIXIS

GENENTECH INC.

GLAXOSMITHKLINE

GPC BIOTECH AG

IMCLONE SYSTEMS

KAI PHARMACEUTICALS

KÉMIA

KINEXUS BIOINFORMATICS CORP.

MERCK AND CO.

MILLENIUM PHARMACEUTICALS

MYRIAD GENETICS, INC.

NOVARTIS

PFIZER INC.

ROCHE (F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD)

SANOFI-AVENTIS

SCIOS

TARGEGEN

VERTEX

WYETH-AYERST

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS AND REGULATORY ISSUES

MARKET BY REGION

Table 28 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR KINASE INHIBITORS MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 4 REGIONAL SHARE OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR KINASE INHIBITORS, 2005 AND 2010 (%)

UNITED STATES

DRUG WITHDRAWALS

Vioxx

Iressa

CONSUMER CONFIDENCE

MEDICARE

EUROPEAN UNION

NEW DRUG APPROVALS AND INNOVATION

COSTS OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT

RELOCATION OF R&D

REGULATORY CLIMATE

JAPAN

NEW DRUG APPROVALS

REGULATORY CLIMATE

RELATIONSHIP OF ACADEMIA AND INDUSTRY

VENTURE CAPITAL

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

SPECIFICITY AND COMPLEXITY

RESISTANCE

KINASE ACTIVATORS

DEVELOPMENTS IN ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

PHOSPHORYLATION-STATE ANTIBODIES

HIGH THROUGHPUT KINASE ASSAYS

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Human protein kinases are intriguing drug targets, in part because they regulate a wide variety of signaling pathways and include over 500 distinct protein molecules. Synthetic inhibitors of protein kinases include small molecules that may be easily administered as oral therapeutic compounds. These inhibitors can rapidly and often specifically alter the activation state of a target kinase. They further have significant potential in the clinical treatment of major diseases including cancer, heart disease, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, macular degeneration, and neurological disorders.

This BCC study determines the current status of the kinase inhibitor industry and assesses its growth potential. Only a handful such therapeutics have entered clinical use as of 2005. For each, BCC examined the drug development process, major challenges and achievements and where applicable, the projected market for each of these drugs through 2010.

Of particular interest are up-and-coming kinase inhibitors in clinical trials and preclinical development. Leading candidates are identified in each kinase inhibitor class by molecular target and by disease application. The result is a comprehensive analysis of the current market and its future direction.

SCOPE OF STUDY

The report contains:
  • A thorough review of the technologies employed in the kinase inhibitor
  • Analysis of the evidence of efficacy and technical limitations of each kinase inhibitor type in clinical use
  • Analysis of the current market status and growth forecasts through 2010 for each kinase inhibitor
  • Examination of the potential for additional novel applications
  • Discussion of the role of government regulations, recent patents and factors affecting the industry worldwide
  • Analysis of how the development of new kinase inhibitors is translating into new medical therapies for specific disease
METHODOLOGY

The market assessments provided have been assembled based on publicly available information from January 2002 up to and including August 2005. The base year for this report is 2005 and forecast data are provided through 2009. In cases where data for 2005 were not available, figures were extrapolated from 2004 statistics, half-year figures for 2005 and historical trends between 2001 and 2004. Market figures are based on current dollars and inflation is not computed into the projection figures. Interviews were also used to adjust market size estimates, as well as to formulate market projections.

The field of kinase inhibitor development is still immature and the reader is cautioned to use the report data as a guide to assess trends, developments and challenges that the industry faces.

INFORMATION SOURCES

The information contained in this report has been assembled from primary and secondary data. Primary research was conducted via telephone interviews with selected industry professionals, research scientists, and laboratory heads to discover the most recent developments in their fields of interest. Secondary data was collected via a comprehensive search of the scientific, peer-reviewed literature, clinical trial reports and databases, industry trade media, company websites, annual reports and industry press releases.

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