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Hybrids & Competing Automotive Powerplants

Published by: Freedonia Group Inc

Published: Jan. 1, 2006


Table of Contents


INTRODUCTION




I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY




II. MARKET ENVIRONMENT

General

Macroeconomic Environment

Light Vehicle Supply & Demand Dynamics

Automotive Industry Trends

Legal & Regulatory Trends


Air Quality

Fuel Efficiency

Global Warming


Fuel Economy

Pricing Trends

Comparative Cost Analysis


Average Kilowatts Produced

Average Powerplant Cost





III. GLOBAL SUPPLY & DEMAND

General

Global Demand


North America

Western Europe

Asia/Pacific

Other Regions


Global Supply


North America

Western Europe

Asia/Pacific

Other Regions





IV. TECHNOLOGY

General


Transition to Fuel Cells

Well-to-Wheels Efficiency & Pollution Comparisons


Internal Combustion Engines


Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Diesel Internal Combustion Engines


Hybrid-Electric ICE Powerplants


Series Hybrid

Parallel Hybrid

Mild Hybrid


Advantages of the Hybrid-Electric ICE Powertrain

Hybrid-Electric ICE Commercialization Issues


Heat Management

Power Control Systems

Field Service

Battery Life


Fuel Cells


Basic Fuel Cell Properties

How Fuel Cells Work

Fuel Cell Types

Fuel Cell Fueling Strategies


High Pressure Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen Absorption

Cryogenic Storage

Onboard Fuel Processor/Reformer Systems


PEM Fuel Cell Commercialization -- Product Issues


Start Up Issues

Shutdown Issues

Electro-Catalyst Poisoning Issues

Cold Temperatures Issues

Lifecycle Issues


PEM Fuel Cell Commercialization -- Process Issues


Energy Storage Technologies

Competing Technologies




V. POWERPLANT COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW

General

Six Hurdles to Powerplant Dominance


Technology Readiness

S-Curve Headroom


Internal Combustion Engines

Hybrid-Electric ICEs

Fuel Cells

Electric Vehicles


Regulatory Compliance


Emissions Compliance

Fuel Efficiency Compliance

Safety Compliance


Infrastructure Readiness


Fueling Infrastructure

Service Infrastructure


Consumer Price/Benefits

Industry Focus


Technology Penetration Profiles


Market Pull

Regulatory Push

Rapid Penetration

Niche


Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Market Assessment


Automatic Transmissions

Power Steering

Air Conditioning

Antilock Brake Systems

Penetration Summary

Penetration Analysis for HEVs


Markets


Types of Markets

Light Vehicle Demand by Powerplant Type





VI. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

General

Spark Ignition Engines


Infinitely Variable Valve Timing

Cylinder Deactivation Systems

Direct Fuel Injection

Feedback Plasma Ignition Systems

Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine

Spark Ignition ICE Producers


Diesel (Compression Ignition) Engines


Direct Injection

Other Fuel System Advances

Particulate Trap

Diesel ICE Producers





VII. HYBRID-ELECTRIC INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

General

Full Hybrid-Electric Internal Combustion Engines

Mild Hybrid-Electric Internal Combustion Engines

Hybrid-Electric ICE Producers




VIII. FUEL CELLS

General

Fuel Cell Configurations

Fuel Cell Vehicles

Onboard Hydrogen Fueling Technologies

Fuel Cell Producers




IX. POWERPLANT MARKET BY COMPANY

General

Original Equipment Manufacturers


OEM Strategic Requirements

OEM Strategic Options


OEM Part & Component Suppliers


Supplier Strategic Requirements

Supplier Strategic Options





X. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

General

Industry Composition & Market Share

Mergers, Acquisitions & Industry Restructuring

Research & Product Development

Manufacturing

Marketing

Distribution

Financial Issues & Requirements

Strategic Partnerships

Company Profiles


Aisin Seiki Company Limited

Alfa SA de CV

Ballard Power Systems Incorporated

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG

BERU AG, see BorgWarner Incorporated

BorgWarner Incorporated

Bosch (Robert) GmbH

Cobasys LLC, see Energy Conversion Devices

Cosworth Technology Limited, see MAHLE GmbH

Cummins Incorporated

DaimlerChrysler AG

Delphi Corporation

DENSO Corporation

Detroit Diesel Corporation, see DaimlerChrysler

DuPont (EI) de Nemours

Eaton Corporation

Energy Conversion Devices Incorporated

Exide Technologies

Federal-Mogul Corporation

Ford Motor Company

Freescale Semiconductor Incorporated

General Motors Corporation

Global Electric Motorcars LLC, see DaimlerChrysler

Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance, see DaimlerChrysler Hitachi Limited

Holset Engineering Company, see Cummins Incorporated

Honda Motor Company Limited

Honeywell International Incorporated

International Truck and Engine Corporation, see Navistar International Corporation

Johnson Controls Incorporated

MAHLE GmbH

Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited

Motorola Incorporated

Navistar International Corporation

Nemak SA, see Alfa SA de CV and Ford Motor Company

Nissan Motor Company Limited, see Renault SA

Ovonic Battery Company, see Energy Conversion Devices

Ovonic Hydrogen Systems, see Energy Conversion Devices

Panasonic EV Energy Company, see Matsushita Electric Industrial

Company and Toyota Motor Corporation

Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide

Incorporated

Renault SA

Saft Groupe SA

SANYO Electric Company Limited

Siemens AG

Starcraft Corporation, see Quantum Fuel Systems

Technologies Worldwide

TorqTransfer Systems, see BorgWarner Incorporated

Toyota Motor Corporation

United Technologies Corporation

UTC Fuel Cells, see United Technologies Corporation

Valeo SA

Visteon Corporation

Volkswagen AG





SECTION I -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Summary Table




SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT

1 Macroeconomic Environment

2 Light Vehicle Indicators

3 Light Vehicle Powerplant Assumed Kilowatt Output by Type

4 Light Vehicle Powertrain Estimated Cost by Type




SECTION III -- GLOBAL SUPPLY & DEMAND

1 World Demand for Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

2 North America Demand for Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

3 Western Europe Demand for Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

4 Asia/Pacific Demand for Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

5 Other Regions Demand for Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

6 World Production of Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

7 North America Production of Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

8 Western Europe Production of Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

9 Asia/Pacific Production of Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type

10 Other Regions Production of Light Vehicles by Powerplant Type




SECTION V -- POWERPLANT COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW

1 Light Vehicle Demand by Powerplant Type




SECTION VI -- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

1 Internal Combustion Engine Light Vehicle Demand

2 Spark Ignition Engine Light Vehicle Demand

3 Diesel Engine Light Vehicle Demand




SECTION VII -- HYBRID-ELECTRIC INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

1 Hybrid-Electric Internal Combustion Engine Light Vehicle Demand

2 Full Hybrid-Electric Internal Combustion Engine Light Vehicle Demand

3 Mild Hybrid-Electric Internal Combustion Engine Light Vehicle Demand




SECTION VIII --FUEL CELLS

1 Fuel Cell Light Vehicle Demand




SECTION X --INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

1 Selected Acquisitions & Divestitures

2 Selected Cooperative Agreements




LIST OF CHARTS




SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT

1 US Light Vehicle Production by Company, 2004

2 Options for Improving Light Vehicle Fuel Efficiency

3 Honda Civic Hybrid Breakeven Versus Civic ICE LX Model, US Market Example, 2004 Data




SECTION IV -- TECHNOLOGY

1 Conceptual Technology Migration Profile: ICE to Fuel Cell




SECTION V -- POWERPLANT COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW

1 Alternative Powerplant Forces at Work

2 Light Vehicle Powerplant Technology Assessment

3 Price/Benefits Analysis -- 2003-2005 Model Year

4 HEV Price/Benefits Analysis -- 2003-2005 Model Year

5 Categorizing Technology Penetration Curves -- US Market Example

6 Framework for Assessing Automotive Technology Penetration

7 Automatic Transmission Penetration at Retail Price Analysis -- US Passenger Car Example

8 Power Steering Penetration at Retail Price Analysis -- US Passenger Car Example

9 Air Conditioning Penetration at Retail Price Analysis -- US Passenger Car Example

10 Antilock Brake System Penetration at Retail Price Analysis -- US Passenger Car Example

11 Summary of Technology Penetration Profiles -- US Example

12 Estimated Full Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Option Pricing

Trend -- Worldwide Example




SECTION VI -- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

1 US Light Vehicle Spark Ignition Engine Market Share, 2004

2 US Light Vehicle Diesel Engine Market Share, 2004




SECTION VII -- HYBRID-ELECTRIC INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

1 Historical & Potential Light HEV Introductions Through 2009




SECTION IX -- POWERPLANT MARKET BY COMPANY

1 OEM Strategic Powerplant Options -- US Perspective

2 Supplier Strategic Powerplant Supply Options




SECTION X -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

1 US Light Vehicle Powerplant Market Share, 2004

2 Trigger Technology Definition -- Antilock Brake Wheel-Speed Sensor Example

3 Advanced Powertrain Technologies with Multiple Possible Applications

Abstract

Diesels, hybrids to gain market share

While overall sales of light vehicles in the US are forecast to grow less than one percent annually through 2009, there will be a significant shift in the product mix of powerplants used as diesel engines and hybrid-electric powerplants begin to take significant share away from spark ignition internal combustion engines. The fuel price spike that occurred in 2005 ignited new interest in fuelefficient powertrain technologies, which has boosted demand for hybridelectric vehicles and, to an extent, for diesel engines. Fuel cells remain a more distance promise due to technology and infrastructure challenges.

Spark ignition ICEs to remain dominant

Nevertheless, despite rapid advances in alternative powerplant types, the conventional spark ignition internal combustion engine (ICE) will remain the dominant powerplant technology in the US throughout the forecast period. The spark ignition ICE’s continued ability to cost-effectively meet tighter emission standards yet provide high levels of power and driveability will ensure its position in the marketplace. Even so, continued consumer demands in terms of fuel economy and vehicle emissions are causing automakers to seek out efficient new technologies.

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