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The Future Of Array Technologies: Impact On Drug Discovery And Market Growth In DNA, Protein And Tissue ArraysPublished by: Business Insights Published: Jun. 1, 2005 - 156 Pages Table of ContentsTable of Contents The Future of Array Technologies Executive Summary 10 Current array technologies 10 Novel and emerging array technologies 11 Array applications in drug discovery & development 12 The array market 13 Key players - competitor landscape 14 Chapter 1 Current array technologies 16 Summary 16 Introduction 17 DNA arrays 17 Microarray preparation 19 Limitations and advantages of DNA microarrays 21 RNA arrays 22 Limitations and advantages of RNA arrays 23 Protein arrays 24 Expression arrays 25 Functional arrays 27 Reverse arrays 27 Limitations and advantages of protein arrays 28 Tissue arrays 29 Cell arrays 32 Conclusions 35 Chapter 2 Novel and emerging array technologies 38 Summary 38 iv Introduction 39 Advances in sample preparation 39 Laser capture microdissection (LCM) 39 Microfluidics - lab-on-a-chip technologies 40 Advantages and limitations of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technology 42 Applications of lab-on-a-chip devices 43 Healthcare 43 Laboratory products 45 Companies investing in microfluidics 47 ChIP-on-chip 48 Applications and commercially available products 49 Chromosome-on-a-chip 49 Chromosome-on-a-chip preparation 49 Advantages and applications of chromosome-on-a-chip technology 51 Commercially available products 51 Nanoarrays 52 Advantages of nanoarray over microarray technology 52 Applications and commercially available products 53 The BioForce Nanosciences NanoArrayer system 53 NanoInk’s NSCRIPTOR 54 Leading emerging array technology 54 Intellectual property (IP) - the patent minefield 54 Affymetrix IP portfolio 57 Incyte Genomics IP portfolio 58 Aclara IP portfolio 58 Caliper Technologies IP portfolio 59 Nanogen IP portfolio 60 Oxford Gene Technology (OGT) IP portfolio 60 Recent patents 61 Nanofluidics technology 61 ChIP-on-Chip technology 61 Conclusions 62 Chapter 3 Array applications in drug discovery & development 64 Summary 64 Introduction 65 Array applications in drug discovery and development 66 Expression profiling 67 Gene expression studies in drug discovery 69 Protein expression studies in drug discovery 70 Expression study applications in oncology 71 v Expression study applications in inflammatory disease 73 Expression study applications in CNS 73 Expression study applications in metabolic disorders 74 Expression study applications in infectious diseases 74 Expression study applications in vaccines 75 Application of array technology in target validation 75 Future applications of arrays in drug discovery 77 HTS 78 High throughput genomics 78 High throughput proteomics 79 Capture arrays 79 Interaction arrays 82 Future applications of arrays in HTS 83 Toxicology screening 84 Toxicogenomics 84 Future applications of array technology in toxicogenomics 85 Toxicoproteomics 86 Pharmacogenomics/proteomics 87 Pharmacogenomics 88 The first diagnostic array 91 The AmpliChip CYP450 test 92 Pharmacoproteomics 94 Pharmacoproteomic arrays 95 Pharma alliances with pharmacoproteomics specialists 97 Future applications of pharmacogenomics/proteomics 97 Theranostics 97 Conclusions 101 Diagnostics 102 New diagnostic arrays 106 Conclusions 107 Chapter 4 The array market 110 Summary 110 Introduction 111 The array market 112 Methodology for market sizing and forecasts 113 Market size and future trends 114 DNA array market 115 Protein array market 116 Cell & tissue array market 117 Emerging array technologies 117 Market size and future trends based on application 118 vi Expression profiling 120 Toxicology screening 121 Pharmacogenomics 122 HTS screening 123 Diagnostics 124 Conclusions 125 Chapter 5 Key players - competitor landscape 128 Summary 128 Introduction 129 Major players 129 Alliances and acquisitions in the DNA array market 132 Alliances and acquisitions in the protein array market 135 Alliances and acquisitions in the tissue array market 137 Alliances and acquisitions in the emerging array technology market 138 Chapter 6 Glossary & references 142 Glossary 142 References 147 Index 152 Website references 155 vii List of Figures Figure 1.1: Schematic representation of a typical DNA array preparation 18 Figure 1.2: The application of transfected cell array in gene expression 22 Figure 1.3: Schematic representation of a ‘sandwich’-type expression array 26 Figure 1.4: Schematic representation of tissue microarray production 29 Figure 1.5: Schematic representation of cell array 33 Figure 2.6: Laser capture microdissection process 40 Figure 2.7: Lab-on-a-chip technology 41 Figure 2.8: Point of care (POC) lab-on-a-chips 44 Figure 2.9: OpenArray™ Thru-Hole™ technology 46 Figure 2.10: HPLC-Chip 47 Figure 2.11: Schematic of 10nm chromatin fiber 48 Figure 2.12: Schematic overview of array CGH 50 Figure 3.13: Array technology applications in drug discovery & development 67 Figure 3.14: A typical gene expression assay 70 Figure 3.15: A typical differential protein expression assay 71 Figure 3.16: Microarrays in vaccine development 75 Figure 3.17: Optimization of lead compounds using expression profiling 76 Figure 3.18: Comparison of gene expression profiles to optimize leads 77 Figure 3.19: PMI technology 80 Figure 3.20: ProteinChip Biology system 82 Figure 3.21: GeneChip HTS system (96 array plate) 83 Figure 3.22: Strategies for analysis of toxicogenomics/proteomic data 87 Figure 3.23: SNP analysis to predict drug response 88 Figure 3.24: The first diagnostic array - AmpliChip 92 Figure 3.25: The value of theranostics to pharmaceutical product development & marketing 100 Figure 3.26: Three stages of diagnostic development 103 Figure 3.27: Potential commercial diagnostic markers 105 Figure 4.28: Array market geographical sales split, 2003 115 Figure 4.29: Proportion of sales from array market segments, 2004 118 Figure 4.30: Growth in the array market, 2004-2015 120 viii List of Tables Table 1.1: Steps in the design and implementation of a DNA microarray experiment 19 Table 1.2: DNA microarray applications 19 Table 1.3: A selection of DNA microarray manufacturers 20 Table 1.4: Array capacity and feature size 21 Table 1.5: RNA microarray applications 23 Table 1.6: Commercial RNAi libraries 24 Table 1.7: Protein microarray applications 25 Table 1.8: A selection of protein array manufacturers 28 Table 1.9: Tissue microarray applications 30 Table 1.10: Commercial TMA suppliers 31 Table 1.11: Tissue imaging systems adapted for TMA 31 Table 1.12: Cell microarray applications 32 Table 1.13: Commercial cell array suppliers 34 Table 2.14: Advantages and limitations of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technology 42 Table 2.15: Companies with an interest in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices 47 Table 2.16: Selected companies applying nanotechnology in designing arrays 52 Table 2.17: Microarray technology patents registered worldwide up to April 2005 55 Table 2.18: Recent patent disputes regarding array technology 56 Table 3.19: Technology platforms for pharmacogenomic assays 89 Table 3.20: Altered drug effects in humans due to genetic polymorphism and polymorphisms of drug transporters (DT) and receptors (R) 90 Table 3.21: Drugs extensively metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 93 Table 3.22: Proteomic biomarkers 95 Table 4.23: Global sales of array technologies, 2004-2015 114 Table 4.24: Application of array technologies in market segments 119 Table 4.25: Sales forecasts for total array market, 2004-2015 119 Table 4.26: Array sales forecasts for expression profiling, 2004-2015 121 Table 4.27: Array sales forecasts for toxicology screening, 2004-2015 122 Table 4.28: Array sales forecasts for pharmacogenomics, 2004-2015 123 Table 4.29: Array sales forecasts for HTS, 2004-2015 124 Table 4.30: Array sales forecasts for diagnostics, 2004-2015 125 Table 5.31: Companies involved in array technologies, A-L 130 Table 5.32: Companies involved in array technologies, M-Z 131 Table 5.33: Affymetrix strategic alliances during the last 2 years 133 Table 5.34: Recent Invitrogen genomic and proteomic mergers and acquisitions 134 Table 5.35: Recent Ciphergen strategic alliances 136 AbstractThe study of genes used to be a slow and arduous process with a single gene studied in a single experiment. The filter and blotting methods used provided limited information about other genes or how single genes interact with the collective gene product in a living organism. The advent of DNA microarrays (also referred to as biochips, DNA chips, DNA arrays, gene arrays and GeneChipsÒ), which allow analysis of many genes in a single experiment quickly and efficiently, has transformed research. Whole genomes are now available for study on a single microarray. Recently, the same technologies have been modified and applied to the study of RNA, proteins, cells and tissue samples with promising results. The new technologies have broad applications ranging from genetic screening, diagnostics and safety assessment, to proteomics and drug development.Get Full Details About This Report >> |
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