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Food Labelling

Published by: Woodhead Publishing Ltd

Published: Jul. 1, 2000 - 320 Pages


Table of Contents


Introduction

D Jukes, University of Reading, UK; C Bruhn, University of California, USA; D Hunt, Food and Drink Federation, UK; D Love, Consultant (formerly MAFF, UK); D Walker, Chief Trading Standards Officer, Shropshire County Council, UK


Key issues in food labelling

Consumer needs

Manufacturers' needs

Legislators' perspectives

An enforcement perspective




Labelling requirements: EU

D Love, Consultant (formerly MAFF, UK


Key principles

The organisation of EU legislation

EU legislation and Codex standards

The main requirements for pre-packed foods

Nutrition labelling and claims

Specific labelling requirements in food composition directives

Specific labelling requirements in CAP marketing regulations

Novel foods and GM foods: labelling rules

Future developments




Labelling requirements: USA

J Vanderveen, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, USA


Introduction

The legislative and rule making process

The main enforcement agencies

Regulations on product name

Ingredients

Responsible agent for product

Net contents labelling

Nutrition facts

Country of origin

Nutrition content claims

Health claims

Details of regulations by competent authorities

Future trends




Declaration of ingredients and additives: EU

D Flowerdew, Consultant (formerly Leatherhead Food Research Association, UK)


Declaring ingredients and additives: the basic principles

Review of key legislation

Summary of manufacturers' responsibilities

How it can go wrong




Declaration of ingredients and additives: US

R H Schmidt, University of Florida, USA


Declaring ingredients and additives: the basic principles

Regulation and key legislation

Manufacturers' responsibilities for ingredient and additive declaration




Durability indication: EU

A Mrohs, Bund für Lebensmittelrecht und Lebensmittelkunde e.V., Bonn, Germany


Introduction

The legal situation

Manufacturers' responsibilities

The product on its way to the consumer

Varied application in the EU

Special provision for short-life products: introduction

The legal situation: use-by date

Products with use-by date on their way to the consumer

Varied interpretations of 'use-by' provisions in EU member states

Guidelines on how dates should be calculated and presented

Future trends




Durability indication: US

R A Labudde, North Carolina State University, USA


Introduction

History

Terminology

Conflicting purposes of durability indications

Cost of durability indications

Guidelines for durability indications

Telltale indicators

Future trends




Nutrition information: EU

L Insall, Food and Drink Federation, UK


Introduction: key issues in presenting nutrition information

EU nutrition legislation

Manufacturers' responsibilities

Consumer expectations

Voluntary codes

Future trends




Nutrition information: US

T A Altman, EveryX Knowledge Integrators, Denver, USA


Key principles of US labelling requirements

Making nutrient declarations

Format requirements and exemptions: conventional foods

Dietary supplement labelling

Compliance management

Future trends




Nutrition and health claims: EU

P Berry Ottaway, Consultant


Introduction

Nutrition and health claims in the EU

Substantiation of health claims

Nutrition labelling

The future




Nutrition and health claims: US

M K Schmidl and T P Labuza, University of Minnesota, USA


Introduction

Definitions

Disease-specific claims or disease-prevention claims

FDA Modernisation Act of 1997

Medical foods

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994

Controversy over labelling

Advertising and the Federal Trade Commission

The future




Special issues in food labelling

E J Whitely and M J Sadler, Institute of Grocery Distribution, Watford, UK; J-P Kern, Mars Incorporated, UK; J Ralph Blanchfield, Consultant; G W Gould, Consultant


Good design in food labelling

Multi-language requirements

Food allergen labelling

GM foods and ingredients

Irradiated foods and ingredients

Label problems for blind and visually-impaired people




Determining shelf life

C M D Man, South Bank University, UK


What do we mean by 'shelf life'?

Introducing the main categories of product

Principle ways of determining and extending shelf life

Future trends




The role of traceability in food labelling

C Morrison, United Biscuits Frozen and Chilled Foods Ltd


The key objectives of traceability

Legal requirements concerning traceability coding

Wider aspects of traceability coding

A modern computerised production and management control system

Use of care lines in traceability

Applying traceability systems when problems arise




Instructions for storage and use

K G Anderson, Consultant


Introduction

Risk categorisation

Clarity of language

Date marking

Storage and post-opening storage

Freezing, treatment post-freezing and re-freezing

Cooking and re-heating

Microwaveable foods

Use in recipes

Special circumstances

Future trends




Index

Abstract

The book deals with each aspect of food labelling from the EU and USA perspectives in turn. The legislative requirements for both are fully examined in sections written by experts from the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the US Food and Drug Administration respectively. There are chapters on major themes including the declaration of ingredients and additives, durability indication, nutrition information and nutrition and health claims. Readers will find answers to the questions raise by the issues of Genetically Modified and irradiated foods and ingredients, as well as guides to good international practice in design, multi-lingual requirements, shelf-life issues, traceability and instructions for storage and use.
  • Current legislation on the labelling of food products in the EU and US
  • Full coverage of US and EU labelling regulations in a single source
  • Controversial issue of labelling genetically modified and irradiated ingredients and foods
  • Making health claims and promoting 'functional foods'
  • The definitive guide to producing effective labelling
  • Expert guidance on specific labelling considerations including multi-lingual requirements, allergens and the needs of partially sighted and blind consumers
J. Ralph Blanchfield has brought together a distinguished panel of European and American experts from industry and academia. Together they provide a comprehensive guide to producing labelling that complies with existing legislation and satisfies the needs of all interested parties. Food labelling also provides a valuable insight into possible future developments.

The book deals with each aspect of food labelling from the EU and USA perspectives in turn. The legislative requirements for both are fully examined in sections written by experts from the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the US Food and Drug Administration respectively. There are chapters on major themes including the declaration of ingredients and additives, durability indication, nutrition information and nutrition and health claims. Readers will find answers to the questions raise by the issues of Genetically Modified and irradiated foods and ingredients, as well as guides to good international practice in design, multi-lingual requirements, shelf-life issues, traceability and instructions for storage and use.

Food labelling will be an invaluable guide for food processors, those concerned with food law and regulation, and all those involved in selling food products in the European Union, United States and throughout the rest of the world.

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