Countries covered: Global
This study is a comprehensive review of the current and future global role of ethanol as a vehicular fuel and fuel additive through 2012. Within the report ethanol use in land, air, sea and other types of transportations are examined along with the key drivers encouraging ethanol use and the challenges the ethanol industry and related industries will face carving out a wider role in the transportation market. Production methods, environmental benefits and concerns, distribution challenges and competing fuel, fuel additives and alternative energy sources are assessed.
Figures and forecasts include annual ethanol feedstock distribution, ethanol fuel use and production, DME fuel production, butanol usage, oil and oil shale production, heavy oil production, synfuel production and sugar cane production. The role of hydrogen internal combustion engines is also outlined with forecasts through 2016.
Topics
• Factors driving ethanol use as a fuel and fuel additive
• Ethanol use in vehicular markets (land, air and sea)
• Peak oil
• Competing energy solutions (hydrogen, synfuel, diesel, butanol, etc.)
• Ethanol feedstocks
• Ethanol production processes
• Distribution and transportation of ethanol
• Environmental arguments for and against use of ethanol
• Unconventional petroleum sources
• Regional case analysis of ethanol use
• Key innovators in the ethanol market
Quantifies
• Ethanol production
• Feedstocks by type
• DME fuel production
• Global oil production
• Global oil discoveries
• Global gasoline production
• Global methanol production
• Use of hydrogen in automotive transportation
• Global market for butanol fuel
• Global cane sugar production
• Global heavy oil production
• Consumption of pure hydrogen within the methanol industry
• Global oil shale production
• Global and US synfuel production
• Global vehicle production
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- SECTION ONE
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- 1.0 Overview
- 1.1 Ethanol Drivers -Real and Not Real (At Least Not Yet)
- 1.1.1 Driver Number One - Steeply Ascending Petroleum Prices
- 1.1.1.1 Untapped Petroleum Potential?
- 1.1.1.2 Competing Fuel Substitutes
- 1.1.2 Driver Number Two - Technological Innovation in Ethanol Production
- 1.1.3 Driver Number Three - Speculative Ardor within the Financial Industry
- 1.2 Key Findings
- SECTION TWO
- INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
- 2.0 Industry Overview
- 2.1 Structure of the Industry
- 2.1.1 Feedstock Providers
- 2.1.2 Ethanol Processors
- 2.1.3 Plant Engineering Firms
- 2.1.4 Ancillary Manufacturing Concerns
- 2.1.5 Distribution
- 2.1.5.1 E85 vs. MBTE
- SECTION THREE
- THE HISTORY OF ETHANOL IN FUEL APPLICATIONS
- 3.0 A Long History
- 3.1 From Civil War Lighting
- 3.1.1 Distribution Problems Then and Now
- 3.1.2 Ethanol Loses Ground
- 3.1.3 A Tale of Two Continents
- 3.1.4 Are Boom Times Near?
- SECTION FOUR
- GLOBAL ETHANOL MARKET
- 4.0 Global Trends in the Ethanol Industry Today
- 4.1 Regional Analysis
- 4.1.1 The North American Ethanol Industry
- 4.1.2 Ethanol in Brazil
- 4.1.3 Fuel Ethanol Elsewhere in the Developing World
- 4.1.4 Fuel Ethanol in Europe
- 4.2 Ethanol Use in the Context of Motor Vehicle Design
- SECTION FIVE
- ETHANOL FUEL PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS
- 5.0 World Fuel Ethanol Markets
- 5.1 Ethanol for Primary Fuel and Fuel Additive Uses by Region
- 5.1.1 Diesel and E-Diesel
- 5.1.2 E-85 and Other Mixes
- 5.1.3 Ethanol Fuel for other Forms of Transportation
- 5.1.3.1 Aircraft
- 5.1.3.2 Watercraft
- 5.1.3.3 Two Wheeled Transport
- 5.2 A Troubling Deficiency
- SECTION SIX
- WHY ETHANOL
- 6.0 The Case for Ethanol Fuel and the Counterarguments
- 6.1 The Peak Oil Argument
- 6.1.1 Some Ways of Thinking about Peak Oil
- 6.2 The Green Argument
- 6.2.1 Economic Feasibility
- 6.2.1.1 Net Energy Gain
- 6.3 Other Advantages as a Motor Fuel
- 6.3.1 The Counterarguments
- 6.3.1.1 Cost
- 6.3.1.2 Difficulties in Storage and Transport
- 6.3.1.3 Adverse Competitive Positioning within the Marketplace
- 6.4 Fuel Additives - Ethanol’s Primary Opportunity Today
- SECTION SEVEN
- COMPETITIVE ALTERNATIVES
- 7.0 A Summary of the Landscape
- 7.1 Conventional Petroleum Based Fuels
- 7.2 Unconventional Petroleum and Oil Shale
- 7.2.1 Tar sands
- 7.2.2 Oil shale
- 7.3 Other Alcohols
- 7.3.1 Methanol
- 7.3.2 Butanol
- 7.3.3 Mixed Alcohols
- 7.3.3.1 Catalytic Production Processes for Mixed Alcohols
- 7.4 Synfuels
- 7.4.1 Synfuel Natural Gas
- 7.4.2 Synfuel from Coal
- 7.5 Fuel Gases
- 7.5.1 Fossil fuel gases used in native form
- 7.5.2 Derived fuel gases
- 7.5.3 Natural Gas
- 7.5.4 Liquid Petroleum Gas
- 7.5.5 Hydrogen
- 7.5.6 Syngas
- 7.5.7 DME
- 7.6 Other Fuels
- 7.6.1 Pyrolysis Oil
- 7.6.2 Biodiesel
- 7.6.3 Boutique Liquid Fuel
- SECTION EIGHT
- FEEDSTOCKS
- 8.0 Definition
- 8.1 Ethanol Feedstocks
- 8.1.1 Starchy Grains
- 8.1.2 Corn
- 8.1.3 Other Starchy Grain Crops
- 8.1.4 Sugar Crops
- 8.1.4.1 Sugarcane
- 8.1.4.2 Sugar Beets
- 8.1.4.3 Sorghum
- 8.1.5 Fuel Crops
- 8.1.5.1 Algae
- 8.1.6 Other Plant Fuel Crops
- 8.1.7 Agricultural Waste
- 8.1.8 Forest and Wood Waste
- 8.1.9 Industrial Waste
- 8.1.10 Other Forms of Biomass
- 8.1.11 Fossil Fuel Feedstocks
- SECTION NINE
- PRODUCTION PROCESSES
- 9.0 Production Processes
- 9.1 Fermentation Followed by Distilling
- 9.1.1 Single Fermentation and Distillation
- 9.1.2 Double Fermentation and Distillation
- 9.1.3 Cellulosic Production Methods
- 9.1.4 Acid Hydrolysis
- 9.1.5 Concentrated Acid Hydrolysis
- 9.1.6 Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
- 9.1.7 ACOS/Paszner process
- 9.1.8 Enzymatic Hydrolysis
- 9.1.9 Synthesis of Ethanol from Syngas
- 9.1.9.1 Gasifiers
- 9.1.10 Hydro-thermal Upgrading
- 9.1.11 Plasma Reactors
- 9.1.12 Anaerobic Digesters
- SECTION TEN
- DISTRIBUTION, TRANSPORTATION, AND MARKETING
- 10.0 Moving the Fuel
- 10.1 E85 and Establishing an Ethanol Infrastructure
- 10.2 Existing Infrastructure
- 10.3 International Trade in Ethanol
- 10.4 Scenarios for Future Growth
- 10.4.1 Growth of the Fuel Additive Business
- 10.4.2 Replacement Fuels
- SECTION ELEVEN
- SUMMARY
- 11.0 Summary
- SECTION TWELVE
- PROFILES
- 12.0 Ethanol Industry Participants
- 12.1 Ethanol Producers
- 12.1.1 Chemical, Agronomic, and Food Processing Companies
- 12.1.1.1 Abengoa Bioenergy/Abengoa SA
- 12.1.1.2 The Andersons, Inc.
- 12.1.1.3 Archer Daniels Midland Company
- 12.1.1.4 Broin Companies/Poet LLC
- 12.1.1.5 Cargill Corporation
- 12.1.1.6 SunOpta Inc/Stake Technology
- 12.2 Specialized Ethanol Producers
- 12.2.1 Advanced Bioenergy, LLC
- 12.2.2 Alternative Energy Sources, Inc.
- 12.2.3 Aventine Renewable Energy
- 12.2.4 COSA S/A
- 12.2.5 GreenField Ethanol
- 12.2.6 Hawkeye Renewables, LLC
- 12.2.7 Pacific Ethanol
- 12.2.8 Panda Energy, International
- 12.2.9 VeraSun Renewable Energy
- 12.3 Processing Technology Companies
- 12.3.1 Companies Focused on Traditional Feedstocks.
- 12.4 Cellulosic Ethanol Companies
- 12.4.1 Blue Fire Ethanol, Inc. /Arkenol
- 12.4.2 Colusa Biomass Energy Corporation
- 12.4.3 British Petroleum and DuPont
- 12.4.4 Genahol, Inc.
- 12.4.5 Iogen
- 12.4.6 Mascoma Corporation
- 12.4.7 NewGen Technologies, Inc.
- 12.4.9 Pure Energy, Inc.
- 12.4.10 PureVision
- 12.4.11 Range Fuels
- 12.4.12 Xethanol Corporation
- 12.5 Process Companies Employing Ethanol Synthesis Technologies
- 12.6 Butanol and Mixed Alcohol Process Companies
- 12.7 Plant engineering companies
- 12.8 Enzyme Companies
- CHARTS AND FIGURES
- Chart 1: Global Gasoline Production, 2006 to 2012
- Chart 2: Global Vehicle Production, 2005 to 2011
- Chart 3: Ethanol Fuel Production, Conservative, 2006 to 2012
- Chart 4: Ethanol Fuel Production, Aggressive, 2006 to 2012
- Chart 5: Global Oil Production, 2005 to 2010
- Chart 6: Global Oil Discoveries, 1930s to 1990s
- Chart 7: Global Heavy Oil Production, 2006 to 2012
- Chart 8: Global Oil Shale Production, 2010 to 2015
- Chart 9: World Production of Methanol, 2005 to 2010
- Chart 10: Global Market for Butanol Fuel, 2007 to 2012
- Chart 11: US Synfuel Production, 2010 to 2015
- Chart 12: Global Synfuel Production, 2010 to 2015
- Chart 13: Use of Hydrogen in Automotive Applications, 2005 to 2010
- Chart 14: Hydrogen Usage in Terrestrial Transportation, Best Case, 2011 to 2016
- Chart 15: Hydrogen Usage in Terrestrial Transportation, Worse Case, 2011 to 2016
- Chart 16: Use of Hydrogen in ICE Vehicles, 2007 to 2010
- Chart 17: Use of Hydrogen in ICE Vehicles, 2011 to 2016
- Chart 18: Projected Consumption of Pure Hydrogen within the Methanol Industry, 2007-2010
- Chart 19: DME Fuel Production, 2007 to 2013
- Chart 20: Ethanol Feedstocks by Type, 2006
- Chart 21: Ethanol Feedstocks by Type, 2007
- Chart 22: Ethanol Feedstocks by Type, 2008
- Chart 23: Ethanol Feedstocks by Type, 2009
- Chart 24: Ethanol Feedstocks by Type, 2010
- Chart 25: Ethanol Feedstocks by Type, 2011
- Chart 26: Ethanol Feedstocks by Type, 2012
- Chart 27: Global Cane Sugar Production, 2007 to 2012
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