Pharmaceutical Distribution in the US


July 1, 2009
83 Pages - SKU: URC2404309
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Table of Contents Search inside this report Related Reports
Chapter 1: The US Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
The pharmaceutical supply chain
The US pharmaceutical industry
The role of pharmaceuticals
US pharmaceutical manufacturers
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
The US biotech industry
The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO)
Case study: the pharmaceutical and biotech industries at a state level
The US pharmaceutical market
The US healthcare system
Medicare and Medicaid
State Children’s Health Insurance Program
Pharmaceutical legal obligations
Wholesale distribution
The US wholesale market
Primary wholesalers
Secondary wholesalers
Prescription Drug Marketing Act
PDMA revisions
The pedigree requirement
State-level actions
US pharmacy market
Pricing freedom
US pharmaceutical spending
Pharmaceutical pricing issues in the US
US consumer pricing studies
Outlook for US biopharmaceutical R&D
Average wholesale price and average sales price
Internet trading
Parallel trade
Chapter 2: The US Wholesale Sector
Wholesaling in the US
The Healthcare Distribution Management Association
The National Coalition of Pharmaceutical Distributors
Wholesaler consolidation
Challenges to the dominance of the Big Three
Case study: RxUSA launches legal challenges against the Big Three
Cardinal Health Inc
McKesson Corporation
AmerisourceBergen Corporation
Wholesaler technology solutions
Electronic data interchange
Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment
Enterprise resource planning
Order fulfilment packages
Database technology
Electronic point-of-sale technology
Barcoding
Case study: US highlights benefits of barcode and RFID technologies
Costs and benefits of EPC/RFID implementation
Warehouse technology
Dispensing technology
Future systems
The US supply chain and direct distribution
Development of direct distribution in Europe
Rationale behind changes in the supply chain
Challenges to direct distribution in the US
US wholesalers and globalisation
Chapter 3: Pharmacy in the US
The US pharmacy sector
The American Pharmacists Association
Case study: the AphA and medication therapy management
The Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy
Chain drug stores
Walgreens
CVS Caremark
National Association of Chain Drug Stores
Case study: the National Trust for Historic Preservation responds to chain drug stores
Independent pharmacies
National Community Pharmacists Association
Mail-order pharmacies
Online pharmacies
Case study: PharmacyChecker.com
Pharmacists and parallel trade
OTC products
Rx-to-OTC switching
Pharmacists and OTCs
Case study: US pharmacists and Rx-to-OTC switching of allergy products
Pharmacy benefit managers
The Pharmaceutical Care Management Association
Case study: PBMs force patients to switch medications
The future of US pharmacy
Patient compliance
Pharmacies and retail health clinics
Case study: 2008 survey of patient use of retail health clinics
Case study: Florida tightens pharmacy regulations
Biogenerics
Case study: biogenerics legislation restrictions for pharmacists
Pharmacy groups launch Project Destiny
Chapter 4: Protecting the US Supply Chain
Safeguarding the supply chain
Disaster planning and the supply chain
Alternative strategies for mass distribution of medicines
Case study: US community pharmacies launch Rx History
Case study: ICERx.org
Product shortages in the supply chain
The Food and Drug Administartion (FDA) and drug shortages
Case study: vaccine shortages and the effect on the supply chain
Counterfeiting
Anti-counterfeiting cooperation
Counterfeiting and the pharmaceutical industry
FDA anti-counterfeiting measures
FDA recommendations on combating counterfeits
Case study: the FDA’s Counterfeit Alert Network
Case study: AstraZeneca opts for mass serialisation to prevent counterfeiting
Using nanotechnology to combat counterfeiting
Case study: FDA Nanotechnology Task Force report
References
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Types of manufacturer medicines
Table 1.2 The four parts of Medicare
Table 2.1 Cardinal Health corporate business units
Table 2.2 McKesson corporate business units
Table 2.3 AmerisourceBergen Corporation business segments
Table 2.4 Overall risks of DTP identified by the OFT
Table 2.5 Challenges for a US direct distribution model
Table 3.1 Potential patient benefits of medication therapy management
Table 3.2 Potential competitive advantages of mail-order pharmacies
Table 3.3 PharmacyChecker.com classification of online pharmacies
Table 3.4 Top five major players in the pharmacy/retail clinic sector
Table 3.5 The four components of Project Destiny
Table 4.1 The application of the HIPAA in emergency situations
Table 4.2 Recommendations to improve mass distribution of medicines during an emergency through using the private sector
Table 4.3 ICERx.org partnerships
Table 4.4 Key areas of focus for the International Medical Products Anti-counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT)
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Outline of the traditional supply chain
Figure 1.2 Global R&D expenditure
Figure 1.3 Pharmaceutical revenues for major companies (2007)
Figure 1.4 Pharmaceutical R&D for major companies (2007)
Figure 1.5 Revenues for major biopharmaceutical companies (2007)
Figure 1.6 R&D for major biopharmaceutical companies (2007)
Figure 1.7 US pricing environment compared with Europe and Japan
Figure 1.8 Ongoing US pharmaceutical R&D dominance
Figure 1.9 Share of parallel imports in European pharmacy markets
Figure 2.1 Annual revenues for Cardinal Health and subsidiaries
Figure 2.2 Annual revenues for McKesson Corporation
Figure 2.3 Annual revenues for AmerisourceBergen Corporation
Figure 3.1 Annual revenues for Walgreens
Figure 3.2 Annual revenues for CVS Caremark
Figure 3.3 Average annual sales per US pharmacy location
Figure 3.4 Staff costs as a percentage of US pharmacy operating expenses
Figure 3.5 Online pharmacy price analysis for select brands
Figure 3.6 Online pharmacy price analysis for select generics
Figure 3.7 Flow of goods and payment in the US supply chain
Figure 4.1 Counterfeit drug cases opened by the FDA
 
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