Heavy Construction Equipment in Colombia: A Strategic Entry Report, 2000

1 Introduction & Methodology
1.1 What does this report cover?
1.2 Evaluating Colombia
1.3 Latent Demand and Accessibility in Colombia

2 Heavy Construction Equipment
2.1 Latent demand and accessibility: background
2.2 Latent demand: aspects of interest
2.2.1 Market Profile
2.2.2 Statistical Data
2.2.3 Best Sales Prospects
2.3 accessibility: the structure of competition
2.3.1 Local Production
2.3.2 Third Country Imports
2.3.3 U.S. Presence
2.3.4 End-User Analysis
2.4 accessibility: key factors
2.4.1 Import Climate
2.4.2 Distribution Practices
2.4.3 Financing
2.5 Key Contacts
2.5.1 Government Agency
2.5.2 Principal Associations
2.5.3 Leading Construction Firms
2.5.4 Agents and Distributors
2.5.5 Publications suitable for Advertising
2.5.6 Trade Events
2.5.7 International Buyers Groups

3 The Economics Of Latent Demand In Colombia
3.1 Executive Summary
3.2 Economic Issues in Colombia
3.2.1 Economic Dynamics
3.2.2 Principal Growth Sectors/Sectoral Performance
3.2.3 Government Intervention Risks
3.2.4 Balance of Payments Issues
3.2.5 Infrastructure Development

4 Export Accessibility In Colombia
4.1 Executive Summary
4.2 Exporting to Colombia
4.2.1 Banks/Financial Institutions
4.2.2 Reserve and Foreign Currency Requirements
4.2.3 Lending Regulations
4.2.4 Exchange Control Risks
4.2.5 Prior Deposit Requirement
4.2.6 Availability of Local Financing
4.2.7 Available Project Financing
4.2.8 The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
4.2.9 The Inter-American Development Corporation (IADC)
4.2.10 World Bank
4.2.11 Colombian Financing Sources
4.2.12 Import Duties
4.2.13 Non-Tariff Barriers
4.2.14 Non-Tariff Barriers to Agricultural Trade
4.2.15 Price Bands
4.2.16 Import Licenses and Fees
4.2.17 Restrictions on Imports
4.2.18 Import Declaration
4.2.19 Valuations on Imports
4.2.20 Pre-Shipment Inspections
4.2.21 Other Import Controls
4.2.22 Sanitary Registration
4.2.23 Entering Temporary Imports
4.2.24 Labeling Issues
4.2.25 Local Standards
4.2.26 Colombian Export Controls
4.2.27 Colombian Export Documentation
4.2.28 Trade Zones & Free Ports

5 Direct Investment Accessibility In Colombia
5.1 Executive Summary: Infrastructure
5.2 Executive Summary: Natural Resources
5.3 Executive Summary: Industry
5.4 Direct Investment in Colombia
5.4.1 Attitudes Toward Foreign Direct Investment
5.4.2 Restrictions to Foreign Investment
5.4.3 Andean Community CET
5.4.4 Other Regional Trade Agreements
5.4.5 Private Ownership Risks
5.4.6 Protecting Property
5.4.7 Patents and Trademarks
5.4.8 Copyrights
5.4.9 Adequacy of Laws and Regulations Governing Commercial Transactions
5.4.10 Major Taxation Issues
5.4.11 Direct Investment Incentives and Requirements

6 Marketing & Distribution In Colombia
6.1 Executive Summary
6.2 Marketing and Distribution in Colombia
6.2.1 Agents/Distributors
6.2.2 Franchising
6.2.3 Direct Marketing Options
6.2.4 Joint Venture and Licensing Options
6.2.5 Creating a Sales Office
6.2.6 Selling Strategies
6.2.7 Advertising and Trade Promotion
6.2.8 Media in Colombia
6.2.9 Radio and TV Broadcasting
6.2.10 Pricing Issues
6.2.11 Supplying Customer Service
6.2.12 Public Sector Marketing
6.2.13 Certificate of Reciprocity
6.2.14 Hiring Local Counsel

7 Human Resource Assessment In Colombia
7.1 Executive Summary
7.2 Human Resources in Colombia
7.2.1 Unionization in Colombia
7.2.2 Collective Bargaining in Colombia
7.2.3 Workweek and Minimum Wages in Colombia
7.2.4 Forced Labor in Colombia
7.2.5 Working Ages and Child Labor in Colombia

8 Political Risk Assessment In Colombia
8.1 Executive Summary: Government
8.2 Executive Summary: Military Organization
8.3 Democracy in Colombia
8.4 Political Issues in Colombia
8.4.1 Political Instability-Effects on Business Climate
8.4.2 Regional Activities
8.4.3 Trade Promotion
8.4.4 Anti-Narcotics and Human Rights
8.4.5 Overview of Political System

9 Legal Risk Assessment In Colombia
9.1 Executive Summary
9.2 Legal Issues in Colombia
9.2.1 Privacy, Search and Seizure
9.2.2 Trial Justice in Colombia
9.2.3 Excessive Punishment in Colombia

10 Cultural And Demographic Risks In Colombia
10.1 Executive Summary
10.2 Cultural Issues in Colombia
10.2.1 Racial, Ethnic and Discrimination Issues in Colombia
10.2.2 Women's Rights and Gender Issues in Colombia
10.2.3 Religion in Colombia
10.2.4 Fundamental Human Rights in Colombia

11 Historical Background
11.1 Social and Political History
11.1.1 Overview of Key Historical Events
11.1.2 The Republic
11.1.3 The National Front
11.1.4 Post-National Front Years
11.1.5 Government
11.1.6 The Role of the Military
11.1.7 Economic History
11.1.8 Foreign Investment
11.1.9 Historic International Relations
11.2 Business Customs in Colombia
11.2.1 Business Travel
11.2.2 Local Holidays Observed
11.2.3 Infrastructure for Conducting Business