2007 Chartbook of International Pharmaceutical Prices

Countries covered: Global Introduction: Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly subjected to the dynamics of a globalized pharmaceutical market, and drug pricing and reimbursement continue to vary widely country to country. In a price-sensitive environment such as this, pharmaceutical companies increasingly need to be aware of international price differentials. Through 20 tables and 10 fi gures of ex-manufacturer prices of 160 of the world's best-selling prescription drugs sold in seven of the world's largest pharmaceutical markets, this report examines overall price differentials; reviews the pricing hierarchy in individual markets; analyzes price variation by therapeutic areas; and examines the pricing of biologics. Questions Answered in This Spectrum Report: Automatic price increases for drugs in the United States have been the norm for years; but now relatively high . drug prices in the United States have provoked widespread criticism, and the trend for steadily increasing U.S. prices is no longer certain. What pricing reforms are members of the Democratic U.S. Congress considering? Which biologics companies have already taken action to moderate prices on specifi c agents in the United States? Germany and the United Kingdom have the highest overall prices within Europe for the 160 drugs examined . in this report. Why aren't these high prices necessarily producing high sales? Which European country had the lowest overall prices in 2006? In 2006, the price of 23 drugs in the United States was more than four times the average price in other markets. Which drugs were these? Precisely how much more expensive were these drugs compared to their prices in the United States? Overall, the prices in Europe of the 160 drugs analyzed in this report were only 54% of U.S. prices in 2006. . How much did prices vary from country to country across Europe in relation to the United States? How much did prices vary among therapeutic areas? European and Japanese reimbursement authorities generally restrict pharmaceutical prices. However, these . authorities have approved prices for biologics that are high in absolute terms and relative to U.S. prices. What factors does European and Japanese tolerance for the high prices of biologics likely refl ect? Scope: Overall price differentials among seven major pharmaceutical markets: . ex-manufacturer prices of 160 drugs in six major markets (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and Japan) relative to U.S. prices; U.S. prices as a percentage of average prices in the other six major markets Pricing hierarchy in individual markets: . U.S. prices of 160 drugs as a percentage of average prices the six other major markets; prices in each of the six other major markets for the same 160 drugs as a percentage of U.S. prices. Price variations by therapeutic area: . prices in six major markets compared to U.S. prices, tabulated for 20 drugs in each of seven therapeutic areas (cardiovascular drugs, metabolic disease therapies, immune and infl ammatory disease therapies, infectious disease therapies, neurology drugs, psychiatric drugs, and antineoplastic drugs) as well as for 10 gastrointestinal drugs and 10 treatments for the side effects of chemotherapy. Biologics: . prices as a percentage of U.S. prices for 22 biologics in the six other major markets. Outlook and Implications: . uncertainty for increasing prices in the United States; pricing pressures from European reference-pricing policies; the uncertain relationship between high price and high sales in Europe; relentless erosion of prices in Japan. Please note, the PDF e-mail from publisher version of this report is for a global site license.

Additional Information

Drugs Mentioned in This Spectrum Report:

Abilify (aripiprazole)
Aciphex/Pariet (rabeprazole)
Actonel (risedronate)
Actos (pioglitazone)
Adalat/Procardia (nifedipine)
Allegra/Telfast (fexofenadine)
Aloxi (palonosetron)
Amaryl (glimepiride)
Ambien/Stilnox/Myslee (zolpidem)
Aranesp (darbepoetin)
Aricept (donepezil)
Arimidex (anastrozole)
Asacol/Fivasa/Claversal (mesalazine)
Atarax (hydroxyzine)
Avandia (rosiglitazone)
Avapro/Aprovel (irbesartan)
Avastin (bevacizumab)
Avonex (interferon beta-1a)
Axid/Panaxid/Cronizat/Acinon (nizatidine)
Benicar/Olmetec (olmesartan)
Betaferon/Betaseron (interferon beta-1b)
Biaxin/Klacid/Klaracid (clarithromycin)
Blopress/Atacand (candesartan)
Boniva/Bonviva (ibandronate)
Campath (alemtuzumab)
Camptosar/Campto (irinotecan)
Casodex (bicalutamide)
Celebrex (celecoxib)
Celexa/Cipramil (citalopram)
CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil)
Cipro/Ciprobay/Ciproxan (ciprofl oxacin)
Clarinex (desloratadine)
Claritin (loratadine)
Combivir (lamivudine and zidovudine)
Concerta/Ritalin (methylphenidate)
Concor (bisoprolol)
Copaxone (glatiramer )
Coreg/Kredex/Artist (carvedilol)
Coversyl (perindopril)
Cozaar (losartan)
Crestor (rosuvastatin)
Cymbalta/Xeristar (duloxetine)
Depakine (valproate)
Diovan (valsartan)
Effexor XR (venlafaxine)
Eloxatin (oxaliplatin)
Emend (aprepitant)
Enbrel (etanercept)
Epivir/Zeffi x (lamivudine)
Erbitux (cetuximab)
Exelon (rivastigmine)
Femara (letrozole)
Foradil (formoterol)
Forteo/Forsteo (teriparatide)
Fosamax (alendronate)
Gaster (famotidine)
Gemzar (gemcitabine)
Geodon/Zeldox (ziprasidone)
Gleevec/Glivec (imatinib)
Glucophage (metformin)
Herceptin (trastuzumab)
Humalog (insulin lispro)
Humira (adalimumab)
Imigran/Imitrex (sumatriptan)
Integrilin (eptifi batide)
Kaletra (lopinavir and ritonavir)
Keppra (levetiracetam)
Kytril (granisetron)
Lamictal (lamotrigine)
Lantus (insulin glargine)
Lasilix/Lasix (furosemide)
Leponex/Clozaril (clozapine)
Lescol (fl uvastatin)
Levaquin (levofl oxacin)
Lexapro (escitalopram)
Lipitor (atorvastatin)
Losec/Prilosec/Omepral (omeprazole)
Lovenox/Clexane (enoxaparin)
Lupron/Leuplin (leuprolide)
Maxalt (rizatriptan)
Meridia/Reductil (sibutramine)
Merrem (meropenem)
Micardis (telmisartan)
Mobic (meloxicam)
Namenda (memantine)
Neoral (cyclosporin A)
Neulasta (pegfi lgrastim)
Neupogen (fi lgrastim)
Neurontin (gabapentin)
Nexium (esomeprazole)
Norvasc/Amlodin (amlodipine)
Pegasys (peginterferon alfa-2a)
PEG-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b)
Plavix/Iscover (clopidogrel)
Pravachol/Mevalotin (pravastatin)
Prevacid/Takepron (lansoprazole)
Primaxin (imipenem and cilastatin)
Primperan (metoclopramide)
Procrit/Eprex (erythropoietin alpha)
Prograf (tacrolimus)
Proleukin (aldesleukin)
Protonix (pantoprazole)
Provigil (modafi nil)
Prozac (fl uoxetine)
Pulmicort (budesonide)
Rapamune (sirolimus)
Razadyne/Reminyl (galantamine)
Rebif (interferon beta-1a)
Remeron (mirtazapine)
Remicade (infl iximab)
Requip/Adartrel (ropinirole)
Reyataz (atazanavir)
Risperdal (risperidone)
Rituxan (rituximab)
Rocephin (ceftriaxone)
Sandostatin LAR (octreotide)
Seloken ZOK/Toprol XL (metoprolol)
Seretide/Advair (fl uticasone and salmeterol)
Serevent (salmeterol)
Seroquel (quetiapine)
Seroxat/Paxil IR (paroxetine)
Sifrol/Mirapex (pramipexole)
Singulair (montelukast)
Spiriva (tiotropium)
Strattera (atomoxetine)
Sustiva (efavirenz)
Tagamet (cimetidine)
Tamifl u (oseltamivir)
Taxotere (docetaxel)
Tegretol (carbamazepine)
Temodar/Temodal (temozolomide)
Tenormin (atenolol)
Topamax (topiramate)
Tracleer (bosentan)
TriCor (fenofi brate)
Trileptal (oxcarbazepine)
Tritace/Delix/Altace (ramipril)
Truvada (emtricitabine and tenofovir)
Valtrex/Zelitrex (valaciclovir)
Vasotec/Renivace (enalapril)
Velcade (bortezomib)
Viread (tenofovir)
Voltaren (diclofenac)
Vytorin/Inegy (ezetimibe and simvastatin)
Xeloda (capecitabine)
Xenical (orlistat)
Xolair (omalizumab)
Zantac (ranitidine)
Zetia/Ezetrol (ezetimibe)
Zithromax (azithromycin)
Zocor (simvastatin)
Zofran (ondansetron)
Zoladex (goserelin)
Zoloft (sertraline)
Zometa (zoledronic acid)
Zomig (zolmitriptan)
Zosyn/Tazocin (piperacillin and tazobactam)
Zyban (bupropion)
Zyprexa (olanzapine)
Zyvox (linezolid)

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