Central Asia: A Resource Hub Shaken by War


October 1, 2010
42 Pages - SKU: DFMN2837109
License type:
Countries covered: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan

Introduction

As the war in Afghanistan inches closer to its 10th anniversary, faint hopes emerge that forces may withdraw by mid-2011. The war hasn't crippled trade in Central Asia but has severely damaged what was fast becoming a thriving trade bloc. Now the region has regained a semblance of calm and trade negotiations have tentatively resumed, Datamonitor asks how the region's energy markets might recover.

Scope
  • An overview of how politics, regional trade and energy needs are inter-related in Central and South Asia, a region plagued with war and poverty
  • Insight into the potential for a thriving energy trading bloc once peace has returned to the region
  • An understanding of the development plans that have been in the pipeline since war in Afghanistan began
  • Analysis of the region's energy balance, highlighting the different needs of these neighbouring countries and the potential for co-operation
Highlights

Were it not for war, Afghanistan would be a major energy market thanks to its plentiful resources and competent energy ministry. Although Afghanistan has very little generation capacity this is not a priority whilst it imports so much power from Uzbekistan.

Regional co-operation has helped Uzbekistan to become an invaluable asset to its neighbors. Natural gas is Uzbekistan's future and has already established the country as a key resource hub for the region. The country has been a net exporter for years. It has chosen wisely to upgrade infrastructure so that its exports remain reliable

Turkmenistan has exploited the global demand for natural gas by signing huge contracts with China but it is struggling to adapt to a market without Russia. To secure a portfolio of buyers it needs to look to its neighbors. Gas is Turkmenistan's primary asset but maintaining large potential export volumes will become the country's main challenge.

Reasons to Purchase
  • Plan investment opportunities in a region awaiting foreign involvement. Identify the opportunities and develop an understanding of your chosen market
  • Develop an informed opinion of a key region's outlook. Analyse the tactics these countries have employed to develop whilst facing conflict
  • Gain a thought leading perspective on a region's changing investment environment and consider the wider implications on the global energy market
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Overview
Catalyst
Summary
Background
Afghanistan
Were it not for war, Afghanistan would be a major energy market thanks to its plentiful resources and competent energy ministry
Investment is arriving in drips and drabs, but war continues to obstruct the priority regions
Afghanistan’s Ministry of Water and Power formulated an energy roadmap in 2002; how well has it fared now that 2010 has been reached?
Afghanistan has very little generation capacity, although this is not a priority whilst it imports so much power from Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Regional co-operation has helped Uzbekistan to become an invaluable asset to its neighbors
Uzbekistan has formulated an effective plan for improving its energy efficiency record
Uzbekistan has been a net exporter for years. It has chosen wisely to upgrade infrastructure so that its exports remain reliable
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan has exploited the global demand for natural gas by signing huge contracts with Russia and China
Turkmenistan is struggling to adapt to a market without Russia, but for a secure portfolio of buyers it needs to look to its neighbors
Turkmenistan needs more generation capacity. It intends to almost double capacity but this has come worryingly late in its development
Tajikistan
Tajikistan is one of the least developed energy system in Central Asia and needs help to ensure its future energy security
Neighboring governments are playing power politics at a time when Tajikistan simply cannot compete
Tajikistan has the clear intention of improving its hydro capacity. This is wise since it allows the country to avoid import dependency
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is a land of contrasts: it boasts some of the largest resource fields yet some of the least developed towns in Central Asia
Foreign policy lies at the heart of its politics. It is also the volatile foundation of its economy
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan is the least developed energy market in central Asia, but a new leader could bring a new outlook
China
China’s demand is a poisoned chalice. It is invaluable to much of the region but a thorn in the side for the rest of the region
Pakistan
Pakistan has been crippled by floods, war and a power crisis. Recovery will be slow and hugely dependant on foreign aid
Investment from abroad has already begun to arrive. However, Pakistan has far to go to be energy independent
India
India is desperate for more energy sources in its northern territories. TAPI would be the solution
Faced with serious energy crises, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh need to build an energy network to help each other
TAPI
TAPI: a pipeline that will give momentum to Central Asia’s economy and improve relations between neighbors
REGIONAL MAPS AND ANALYSIS
The supply/demand balance in Central Asia is clearly defined. Afghanistan stands as a warring obstacle to co-operation
Central Asia has a wealth of resources yet lack of co-operation has allowed the region to suffer from major energy shortages
Natural resources flow away from Central Asia with fuel-hungry nations severely ignored by existing trade routes
Central Asia has too few internal pipelines to maximize its resources, while Afghanistan’s inaccessibility creates a real barrier
Infrastructure is the main obstacle to Central Asia’s energy network. When the war in Afghanistan subsides, trade will flourish
APPENDIX
Ask the analyst
Datamonitor consulting
Disclaimer
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map of Central and South Asian region
Figure 2: Afghanistan Power Generation Facilities
Figure 3: Profile of Uzbekistan’s annual oil balance (Total annual production - total annual demand)
Figure 4: Profile of Uzbekistan’s annual gas balance (Total annual production - total annual demand)
Figure 5: Uxbekistan Power Generation Facilities
Figure 6: Profile of Turkmenistan’s annual oil balance (Total annual production - total annual demand)
Figure 7: Profile of Turkmenistan’s annual gas balance (Total annual production - total annual demand)
Figure 8: Turkmenistan Power Generation Facilities
Figure 9: Tajikistan Power Generation Facilities
Figure 10: Profile of Kazakhstan’s annual oil balance (Total annual production - total annual demand)
Figure 11: Profile of Kazakhstan’s annual gas balance (Total annual production - total annual demand)
Figure 12: Pakistan Power Generation Facilities
Figure 13: Central Asias Supply/Demand Balance
Figure 14: Central Asian Resource Balance
Figure 15: Central Asian Trade Movements
Figure 16: Central Asian Internal Energy Flows
Figure 17: Central Asian Limiting Factors
TABLE OF TABLES
Table 1: Ministry of Water and Power - Energy Roadmap (with Datamonitor commentary)

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