Countries covered: United States
Surgeons use implantable medical devices to save patients' lives or to improve their quality of life. This report focuses on a wide variety of implantable devices available today for treating diseases, deformities and trauma. Materials used to make implantable devices and accessories are explored at length, along with biocompatibility testing methods, standards and regulations. For each device category, competitive climates are described and key manufacturers are profiled. Current market positions for U.S. and foreign competitors are explored and forecasts to 2003 are included.
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Additional InformationSTUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
This report examines the competitive climate of the U.S. medical implant industry in the international marketplace. It is an analytical business tool whose primary purpose is to systematically reveal the challenges and opportunities provided by the industry at this point in time. The information contained in this report will provide a look at one of the fastest growing industries in the world.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
In the medical implant industry, acquisitions, mergers and alliances frequently occur. This means that the corporate landscape is always shifting and changing the competitive positioning of manufacturers. Moreover, implant devices are among the more advanced medical technologies available today and are becoming more so with every new innovation in the industry. Consequently, the state of the industry must be updated more frequently than most other businesses.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
For an industry that can literally change overnight, up-to-the-minute information is imperative. Proprietary information is difficult to come by in an industry driven by innovation and intellectual property. In this report, new technology is presented in the context of current implant products on the market today in the U.S. and internationally, and in light of competitive research and development when known.
This report also provides information for manufacturers, distributors, exporters, suppliers of raw materials, researchers, regulatory specialists, investors, or anyone else interested in an industry analysis.
AUDIENCE FOR THE STUDY
This study is targeted at manufacturers, distributors and suppliers of medical implant devices for the domestic and international market. This report also is relevant for researchers and product developers who need to know what is available on the market today and what research is being done to bring new products to market.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
Today, there are many artificial implant devices available that have been designed to replace a number of body parts. These include a battery-powered artificial larynx; synthetic ears, noses and throats; penile implant and testicular prostheses, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis, esophageal and tracheal prostheses; and fallopian tube prosthesis, to name a few. New implantable devices are continuously being developed, and most recently, there have been brain stimulators to control tremors and bladder pacemakers designed to restore urinary control.
This report, however, explores the primary implant devices having to do with the heart, skeletal structure, eyes, ears and breasts. These implant devices are used to treat life-threatening medical conditions or to improve the quality of life for patients who otherwise would suffer pain and immobility.
In general, there are two types of implant strategies, depending on the length of time ("indwelling time") the implant is intended to remain in the body:
Short-term implants that typically, are used for emergency purposes, e.g., shunts or tubes that extend both inside and outside of the body.
- Long-term implants which are mechanical or fixation devices intended for more or less permanent indwelling or until they have served their purpose. These devices are surgically implanted entirely within the body, although they may be partially controlled or programmed from outside of the body. Some of these devices are composed of degradable materials so they eventually will be absorbed and eliminated from the body according to a predetermined time frame.
This study focuses entirely on long-term, permanent implants such as pacemakers, defibrillators, heart valves, joint replacements, fixation devices, bone cement, ocular implants and cochlear and breast implants.
METHODOLOGY
The material presented and the data interpretations are based on information gathered from personal contacts with industry sources. This has been combined with a thorough review of the business climate, competitive factors, commercially available technology, and current research and development efforts. Where data are unavailable, estimates have been made based on recent trends, economic influences both within and outside the industry, along with the expectations from company sources and trade associations.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Information for this report was gathered from technical papers; Federal Drug Administration (FDA), Department of Commerce (DOC), National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases; other governmental databases; statistical reports; annual reports; and company literature. Final analyses and projections are based on a combination of a consensus among primary contacts. This has been combined with our understanding of the trends from a historical perspective.
Additional data were obtained from extensive reviews of secondary sources such as trade publications, fact sheets issued by trade associations, press releases and company studies. This was done to supplement our understanding of applications, markets and trends in the medical implant industry.
Introduction
- Study Goals And Objectives
- Reasons For Doing The Study
- Contributions Of The Study
- Audience For The Study
- Scope And Format
- Methodology
- Information Sources
- Related Bcc Reports
- Bcc On-Line Services
- Internet
- Disclaimer
Executive Summary
- Market Segments
- Principal Market Forces
Industry Overview
- Importance Of The Industry
- Economic Perspective
- Research And Development
- Biomedical Engineering
- Basic Research
- Applied Research
- Developmental Research
- National Institution Of Health Bioengineering Study
- Artificial Hearts/Ventricular Assist Devices
- Heart Valves
- Pacemakers
- Defibrillators
- Dental Implants
- Breast Implants
- Eye Implants
- Cochlear Implants
- Biocompatible Polymers
- Biocompatible Metals And Alloys
- Biocompatible Ceramics
- Benchmark Events
- Industry Description
- Major Products
- Major Applications
- Pacemakers And Defibrillators
- Ventricular-Assist Devices (Vads)
- Heart Valves
- Artificial Joints
- Breast Implants
- Eye, Ear And Face Implants
- Competition
- Trade Associations
- Effects On The Future
- Cdrh Industry Trends Survey
- Computer-Related Technology
- Minimally Invasive Procedures
- Combination Device/Drug Products
- Organ Replacements And Assists
- Other Trends
- Impact Of Trends On The Implant Industry
- Keeping Pace With Medical Technology
- New Materials
- New Applications
- New Products
Regulations And Standards
- History Of Congressional Acts And Amendments
- Federal Food, Drug, And Cosmetic Act Of 1938
- The Medical Device Amendments Of 1976
- Clinical Laboratories Improvement Acts (Clia)
- Safe Medical Devices Act (Smda) Of 1990
- Medical Device Amendments Of 1992
- National Institutes Of Health Revitalization
- Act Of 1993
- Health Research Extension Act
- Export Reform And Enhancement Act Of 1996
- The Fda Modernization Act Of 1997
- Biomaterials Access Assurance Act Of 1998
- Assistive Technology Act Of 1998
- U.S. Government Bodies Involved With Biomaterials
- And Medical Devices
- Office Of Standards And Regulations
- Food And Drug Administration (Fda)
- Center For Devices And Radiological Health (Cdrh).
- Office Of Device Evaluation (Ode)
- Office Of Compliance (Oc)
- Office Of Science And Technology (Ost)
- Office Of Health And Industry Programs (Ohip)
- National Center For Toxicological Research (Nctr).
- Working Groups
- Regulations Relating To Approval Of Medical
- Devices
- Classification Of Medical Devices
- Preamendment-Device Equivalency
- Postamendment-Device Equivalency
- Premarket Approval For New Devices (Pma) - 510(K)
- Real-Time Review For Pma Supplements
- Product Development Protocol (Pdp)
- Investigational Device Exemption (Ide)
- Registering And Listing Products With The Fda
- Exempted From Fda Regisration
- Quality System Regulations (Good)
- Manufacturing Practices
- Good Laboratory Practices (Glps)
- Administrative Detention
- Fda Inspections
- Fda Reporting Requirements
- Repair, Replace, Refund, Recall, And Track
- Repair, Replace, Or Refund
- Recall
- Tracking
- National Cardiac Pacemaker Registry
- Orthopedic Implant Registry
- Medical Device Import And Export Regulations
- Importing Devices
- Exporting Devices
- How To Obtain Copies Of Fda Regulations
- Standards
- Generally Acceptable Medical Device
- Standards
- The International Electrotechnical Commission (Iec)
- The American National Standards Institute (Ansi)
- Association For The Advancement Of Medical
- Instrumentation (Aami)
- General Standards For Electronic Implantable
- Medical Devices
- Fda Testing Standards
- Blue Book Memorandum #G95-1
- The Medical Devices Standards Activities
- Report
- American Society For Testing And Materials
- (Astm)
- Astm Standards
- U.S. Pharmacopoeia (Usp)
- Usp Biocompatibility Tests
- General Compatibility Testing Standards
- Specific Standards For Device Implantation
- Fda Guidance Documents
- Japanese Standards
- European Standards
- Key Directives Issued By The European Committee For
- Standardization (Cen).
- Device Classifications
- Notified Bodies
- International Organization For
- Standardization (Iso)
- Applicable Standards For Implantable Devices
- Iso Medical Device Biological Evaluation
- Iso 10993-1: Guidance On Test Selection
- Iso 10993-2: Animal Welfare Requirements
- Iso 10993-3: Biotests For Genotoxicity, Carcinogenicity
- And Reproductive Toxicity
- Iso 10993-4: Test Selection For Interactions With Blood
- Iso 10993-5: Tests For Cytotoxicity - In Vitro Methods
- Iso 10993-6: Tests For Local Effects After Implantation
- Iso 10993-10: Irritation And Sensitization Test
- Iso 10993-11: Systemic Toxicity Test
- Iso 10993-14: Identification And Quantification Of
- Degradation Products From Ceramics
- The Iso Information Network
- Biocompatibility Test Data Sources
- Mutual Recognition Agreement (Mra).
- Corporate Concerns
- Regulatory Affairs
- Improving Or Retaining Quality Control
- Standards
- Product Liability
Markets By Product Types And Applications
- Prosthetic Devices
- Heart And Circulatory System
- Ventricular Assist Devices (Vads)
- The Market
- Growth Rate
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Company Products And Innovations
- Thermo Cardiosystems, Inc.
- Baxter Healthcare
- Thoratec Laboratories
- Abiomed, Inc
- World Heart Corporation
- Heart Valve Prosthesis
- The Market
- Growth
- Factors Influencing The Market
- Devices
- Company Products And Innovations
- St. Jude Medical
- Sulzer Medica
- Medtronic
- Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (Icd)
- The Market
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Company Products And Innovations
- Guidant
- Medtronic
- St. Jude Medical
- Pacemakers
- The Market
- Growth Rate
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Company Products
- Medtronic
- Guidant Corporation
- St. Jude Medical
- Orthopedic Implants
- Joint Replacements
- The Market
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Hip Prostheses
- Market Size
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Hip And Knee Replacement Manufacturers
- Depuy
- Stryker Corporation
- Biomet
- Johnson&Johnson
- Knee Prostheses
- Market Size
- Johnson&Johnson
- Depuy
- Biomet
- Stryker Corporation
- Shoulder-Joint Implant
- Market Size
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Biomet
- Depuy
- Stryker
- Ankle-Joint Implant
- The Market
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Wrist, Hand And Finger Implants
- Spinal Implants
- The Market
- Growth Rate
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Sulzer Medica
- Depuy
- Biomet
- Stryker Corporation
- Bone Plates, Screws, Nails, Wires, And Other
- Internal Fixation Devices
- Growth Rate
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Implant Products
- Bone Graft Substitutes And Bone Cement
- Market Size
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Sulzer Medica
- Depuy
- Biomet
- Sofamor Danek
- Interpore Cross International
- Norian Corporation
- Breast Implants
- The Market
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Cochlear Implants
- The Market
- Growth Rate
- Critical Assumptions
- Factors That Influence The Market
- Devices
- Cochlear Corporation
- Medical Electronics (Med-El)
- Advanced Bionics Corporation
- Intraocular Lenses, Ocular Implants, And
- Artificial Eyes
- The Market
- Factors Influencing The Market
- Devices
- Integrated Orbital Implants, Inc
- Staar Surgical Company
- Dental Implants
- The Market
- Growth Rate
- Critical Assumptions
- Company Products
Technology
- The Challenge
- Safety
- Efficacy
- The Bioenginering Consortium (Becon)
- Other Funding Sources
- The National Center For Biotechnology Information
- (Ncbi)
- Biomaterials Compendium Database
- Bioengineering
- The Biocompatability Issue
- The Encapsulation Process
- When Encapsulation Is Not Desired
- Biomaterial-Centered Infection
- Materials Biocompatibility
- Biodegradable Polymers
- Hemocompatible Materials
- Typical Implant Materials
- Biocompatible Metal Alloys
- Biocompatible Ceramics
- Biocompatible Polymers And Implantable
- Devices
- Characterizing Polymers
- Additives
- Physical And Mechanical Properties
- Considerations When Choosing A Material
- Medical-Grade Polymers
- Coatings
- Biopolymers
- Biohybrid Materials
- "Smart" Biomaterials
- Tissue Engineering
- Tissue Repair, Regeneration And Maintenance
- Fda Working Groups
- Quality System Regulations
- Quality Control
- International Standards And Guidelines For
- Biological Testing Of Medical Devices
- Biocompatibility Testing
- Research Activities
- Artificial Heart, Valves, Blood Vessels And
- Blood
- Blood Substitutes
- Synthetic Bone, Cartilage And Other
- Connective Tissue Structures
- Drug-Delivery Devices
- Drug Seeding
- Ocular Drug Delivery
- Specific Developments
- Materials
- Technology
- Artificial Organs
- Nanotechnology
- Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds
- Implantable Drug-Delivery Computer Chips
- Artificial Retina
- Process Economics
- Industry Leaders In Research And Development
- Patent Significance
- Significant Patents
- European Patents
- Manufacturing Flow Chart
International Aspects
- Export Markets For Medical Technology
- Biomedical Materials And Implant Device Export
- Markets
- Major Import Markets
- Pacemaker Parts
- Import Market For Artificial Joints, Parts And
- Accessories
- The International Marketplace
- Selling Products To Europe
- Requirements For Products Marketed In Europe
- Impact Of The Euro
- Selling Products To Japan
- Selling Products To Asia
- Selling Products To Latin America
- Emerging Market Opportunities
- India
- China
- Chinese Hospitals
- Competition In China
- Southeast Asia
- Major Overseas Raw Material And Biomaterial
- Companies And What They Do
- Effects Of Foreign Investment And Technology In
- The U.S.
- Effects Of U.S. Investment And Technology Overseas
- By Country/Region
- Corporate Identity
- Effect Of Fda Regulations On Foreign Investment
- U.S. And European Approaches To Product
- Performance
- U.S. Distributors For Export Markets
Industry Structure And Competitive Aspects
- Raw Materials
- Competitive Aspects Of The Industry
- Driving Forces Of The Biomedical Industry
- Competing Technologies
- Rate Of Technological Advancements
- What Future Success Depends On
- Important Strategies For Staying Competitive
- Technologies
- Balancing Innovation With Cost Containment
- Improving Or Retaining Quality Control
- Improving Time From R&D To Market
- Containing R&D And Manufacturing Costs
- Increasing Profits
- Trade Associations
- Health Industry Manufacturers Association
- (Hima)
- American Society Of Artificial Internal Organs
- (Asaio)
- Society For Biomaterials (Sb)
- Biotechnology Industry Organization (Bio)
- The American Institute For Medical And
- Biological Engineering (Aimbe)
- Acquisitions And Mergers
- Hospitals
- Rehabilitation Centers
- Evolution Stage In The Life Cycle
- Impact On/Of Other Industries
- Manufacturers Of Materials For Human
- Implantation
- Market Segmentation And Market Forces
- The Coronary Market
- The Orthopedic Market
- The Market For Other Implantable Devices
- Distribution Channels
- Domestic Distributors
- U.S. Distributors For Export Markets
- Internet Marketing
- Strategic Decision-Making
- Site-Selection Tools
- Industry Economics And Pricing
- The Domestic Market
- The International Market
- R&D Costs
- Product Liability
- Managed Care
- Medicare Reimbursement
- Pricing
- Trade Initiatives
- North American Fairtrade Agreement (Nafta)
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Apec)
- Japan
- China
- Russia
- Purchasing Influences
- Buying Trends
- Material Costs
Company Profiles
- Profiles Of Implant Manufacturers
- American Companies
- Heart Implant Devices
- Medtronic, Inc.
- Guidant
- St. Jude Medical
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation
- Thermo Cardiosystems, Inc.
- Thoratec Laboratories
- Abiomed, Inc
- Orthopedic And Other Implant Device
- Manufacturers
- Biomet
- Depuy, Inc.
- Stryker Corporation
- Bionx Implants, Inc.
- Johnson&Johnson Medical, Inc
- Advanced Bionics Corporation
- Interpore Cross International
- Medical Electronics (Med-El)
- Norian Corporation
- Foreign Companies
- Sulzer Medica
- Cochlear Corporation
- Sofamor Danek Group (Medtronic)
- Other Implant Manufacturers
- Conmed Corporation
- Mentor Corporation
- Integrated Orbital Implants, Inc
- Staar Surgical Company
Appendix I
- American Implant Companies
- Foreign Implant Companies
- American Implant-Related Companies: Materials,
- Tissue Engineering, Drug Seeds And Others
- Foreign Implant-Related Companies: Materials,
- Tissue Engineering
Appendix II
- American Associations And Organizations
- Foreign Associations And Organizations
Appendix III
- Relevant American Standards Organizations
- Relevant Foreign And International Standards
- Organizations
Appendix IV
- Relevant U. S. Agencies And Groups
Appendix V
Appendix VI
List Of Tables
1 Four Types Of Implants
2 Acceptable Standards For Medical Devices*
3 General Biocompatibility Standards*
4 Specific Standards For Cardiovascular Implant Metal Components
5 Fda Guidance Documents For Cardiovascular Devices
6 Iso Implant Device Standards
7 U.S. Exports Of Bone Plates, Screws, Nails, And Other Fixation Devices, through 2003
8 Worldwide Market For Cochlear Implants, Through 2004
9 Markets For Dental Materials And Implants, Through 2003
10 Implantable Devices And Typical Polymer Implant Materials*
11 Medical-Grade Polymers
12 Standards For Biological Testing Of Medical Devices
13 List Of Significant U.S. Patents, Through 1999
14 Overseas Companies And Activities
15 Effects Of Foreign Investment And Technology In The U.S.
16 U.S. Presence In Global Markets
17 Analysis Of U.S. Overseas Investment And Technology
18 The World Market For Medical Plastics, Through 2003
19 Domestic And Export Cost/Product Cost Calculation
List Of Figures
1 Encapsulation Process Following Implantation Of A Foreign Material
2 The Manufacturering Process From Conception To Market
3 Distribution Channels
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