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- FIRE PROTECTION IN TUNNELS
- The NFPA 502: The past, present and future outlook for the National Fire Protection Standard for highway tunnels
- This session will document the history of the NFPA 502 and its significance in terms of shaping safety standards for tunnels in the USA. There will also be an assessment of how the regulations may develop in the future and the resulting practical implications for upcoming tunnel construction projects. This is intended to serve as an important foundation for the morning’s presentations.
- Matt Klaus, Senior Fire Protection Engineer, NFPA
- Identifying the key components of a comprehensive fire response plan in relation to the Big Dig tunnel system
- Understanding the methods adopted when striving to maintain risks within acceptable levels, such as tackling confined conditions, restricted access and exit arrangements and the characteristics of the fire loads
- Developing holistic fire strategies to ensure safe operations, covering structures, equipment, vehicles, staffing and operating procedures.
- Highlighting the specifics of fire and smoke phenomena and risk reduction measures by developing performance based solutions
- Gerard Fontana, Deputy Chief, Boston Fire Department
- BOSTON FIRE DEPARTMENT CASE STUDY: The Boston Fire Department’s response to Central Artery Tunnel incidents by providing a ‘’performance based’’ response
- Providing a comprehensive overview of the Central Artery Tunnel project by considering the specifics of the development from electrical sub-stations to operation control center
- Understanding the precise role of the OCC Control Center in transferring valuable information and providing direction to the relevant parties
- Outlining the detection and suppression systems present and the respective roles which they fulfill
- Uncovering precisely how the Boston Fire department would respond to particular emergency categories and highlighting the importance of effective fire ground communication
- Frank Kodzis, Deputy Chief, Boston Fire Department
- Analyzing the effectiveness of water spray and suppression systems in combating tunnel fires and uncovering ways in which these can be effectively employed
- Fully comprehending the wide range of active fire protection technologies available and comprehending their limitations and benefits
- Evaluating precisely when an active fire system is most appropriate and assessing to what extent it limits maximum heat release and maximum tunnel lining temperatures
- Successfully negotiating challenges associated with the installation and running costs of fire protection systems
- Performance testing of fire protection systems in tunnels: accurately integrating test data
- Gary English, Assistant Fire Marshal - Special Projects,
- Seattle Fire Department
- EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
- DETROIT WINDS OR TUNNEL & AMERICAN ROADS INTERACTIVE CASE STUDY
- Understanding the importance of organizational accountability and policy development when managing tunnel safety and security
- Uncovering the numerous risks and vulnerabilities at play and ensuring that these are successfully negotiated
- Developing a comprehensive plan for safety and security measures and understanding the different stages of planning
- Highlighting the significance of adequate training, heightened awareness and regular exercises in successful incident management
- Pinpointing the specifics of process audits when reporting and reviewing tunnel incidents
- Neal Belitsky, President/CEO, Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, LLC
- Robert Howell, Project Manager, Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, LLC
- PANEL: Ensuring that different agencies co-operate in a coherent manner and present a unified command structure by revealing the specifics of the national incident management system
- Highlighting the importance of communication between emergency services, tunnel operators and tunnel-users during an emergency and indentifying ways in which different factions can work together to mitigate the impact of a tunnel disaster
- Clarifying the precise role of the key players and putting together an effective and comprehensive emergency strategy
- Conducting an in-depth assessment of tunnel hazards and their potential consequences for emergency response
- Fully comprehending the risks involved when tackling tunnel emergencies and ensuring that design principles are considered fully
- Donald. P. Bliss, National Infrastructure Institute - Center for
- Infrastructure Expertise
- Lorenzo Parra, Security Planning & Emergency Preparedness,
- Massachusetts Department of Transportation
- Brian Lacey, Director of the Office of Emergency Management, Port
- Authority of New York & New Jersey
- Uncovering the importance of human behavior and psychology when effectively managing a tunnel crises
- Understanding the perennial problem of human anxiety in tunnels and how this can be alleviated by proper design, signals and signs
- Revealing how other infrastructural measures can be taken to limit the levels of anxiety which can be experienced by tunnel users
- Assessing the different types of human behavior in the case of an emergency: from passivity to evacuation
- Highlighting the importance of uncovering the natural human response to a tunnel emergency and designing tunnels accordingly
- Evaluating the work which PIARC has carried out in this field and the potential of international standardization
- Gunnar D. Jenssen, Senior Scientist, SINTEF
- MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CASE STUDY: Developing a Department of Homeland Security compliant emergency management program for critical assets
- Understanding how the Mass DOT emergency management project was born and the influence of the NFPA 502 in shaping this plan
- Revealing how the program has been developed and refined over the years and assessing the impact of 9/11 on attitudes towards emergency preparedness
- Highlighting the steps necessary to ensure that the program complied with the federal standard set by homeland security
- Lorenzo Parra, Director, Security Planning & Emergency
- Preparedness, Massachusetts Department of Transportation
- Albert Samano III, President, Fortress
- MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATI ON & RETROFIT
- Effectively employing the latest tunnel maintenance inspection strategies to accurately assess potential structural damage in State Highway tunnels
- Assessing innovations in the inspection process and ensuring that damage is effectively located and monitored over time
- Streamlining data gathering and interpretation and ensuring that the timeframes involved are managed throughout the process
- Locating tunnel lining deformation and stress anomalies using primary and secondary inspection techniques
- Evaluating possible methods of predicting the rate of deterioration of tunnel lining
- Bruce Johnson, State Bridge Engineer, Oregon DOT & Vice-Chair of the
- AASHTO Technical Committee on Tunnels
- Evaluating the challenges of tunnel upgrade projects and successfully mitigating obstacles to ensure the retrofit is completed safely, on time and in budget
- Ensuring that a comprehensive and accurate risk analysis is carried out when deciding upon a particular tunnel retrofit project: from lining deterioration to assessment of ground water leakage
- Analyzing best practice in the safe removal and replacement of deteriorated and affected components
- Implementing a suitable retrofit strategy by understanding the importance of pre-planning and calculating the feasibility of installing the latest upgrades into an existing tunnel system
- Fully understanding the multiple challenges inherent in fitting new technologies into existing tunnels and successfully integrating these into the wider tunnel system
- Dr. Eduard Koenders, Civil Engineering & Geosciences,
- Delft University of Technology
- Assessing the most effective methods for managing costs of tunnel maintenance, without neglecting safety and operational concerns
- Understanding the benefits of conducting a life-cycle cost analysis for all anticipated major repairs to ensure cost efficiency throughout the life of the tunnel
- Successfully negotiating the budget constraints placed upon the public sector whilst maintaining the tunnel project safety and sustainability
- Accurately calculating cost estimates to ensure reliable figures and that your project falls within budget and construction schedules set
- Pinpointing which areas of funding to prioritize when conducting comprehensive maintenance work by pre planning
- Helmut Ernst, Highway Director, MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATI ON
- TUNNEL DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
- PANEL: Working side-by-side with sub-contractors to ensure that realistic construction timeframes are set and contingencies are adequately managed
- Assessing the availability of specialized sub-contractors and selecting the right subcontractor for the right job
- Ensuring a particular contractor has the capability to plan and execute the type of tunneling project that is desired
- Working together to ensure adequate management of ground-related risks, tunnel ventilation, aerodynamics, materials technology and project management.
- Conducting an economic feasibility survey of a specific tunneling project prior to signing an agreement
- Uncovering the value of communication across the supply chain to ensure that your project is delivered on time and in budget
- Understanding how different methods of construction can be implemented to tackle difficult ecological conditions, limited route selection and challenging rock types
- Ensuring that geological and geotechnical conditions site constraints are fully understood before deciding on a suitable method of construction
- Gaining good knowledge of expected geological conditions throughout the construction of a new tunnel and planning accordingly
- Negotiating the different types of ground encountered along the alignment and understanding potential impact upon tunnel type and the selection of a construction method
- Evaluating the extent to which a particular construction method can help alleviate the challenges of limited route selection and poor ground
- Successfully minimizing vibration and potential surface settlements when negotiating sensitive surface facilities
- Conducting risk analysis when selecting a method of construction: foreseeing excessive ground movements, alignment changes and rock type
- REGULATION & LEGISLATION
- Highlighting existing safety standards in the USA and the future potential of uniform national codes of practice in the USA
- Highlighting the importance of communication between emergency services, tunnel operators and tunnel-users during an emergency and indentifying ways in which different factions can work together to mitigate the impact of a tunnel disaster
- Clarifying the precise role of the key players and putting together an effective and comprehensive emergency strategy
- Conducting an in-depth assessment of tunnel hazards and their potential consequences for emergency response
- Fully comprehending the risks involved when tackling tunnel emergencies and ensuring that design principles are considered fully
- Jesus M. Rohena, Senior Tunnel Engineer,
- FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATI ON
- Defining the US attitude towards tunnel safety and evaluating the extent to which this mind-set may have evolved in recent years
- Establishing whether or not there is growing consciousness of tunnel safety requirements in the USA and to what extent uniform safety standards are positively perceived
- Fully comprehending the changing landscape and approach to tunnel safety in the last 100 years and identifying the key drivers and threats in the industry
- Stimulating an organic change in attitude towards tunnel safety in the USA and assessing the future outlook and possibility of National codes
- Presenting the argument for local autonomy and how State DOTs can ensure that concrete standards are implemented and followed
- Massachusetts Department of Transportation
- RISK MANAGEMENT & ANALYSIS
- Utilizing qualitative risk models to ensure that tunnel rehabilitation, maintenance and operation activities fall within an acceptable level of risk
- Understanding exactly what makes a healthy balance between prescriptive requirements, qualitative risk assessments and quantitative risk assessments
- Carrying out qualitative risk assessments when designing new tunnels and upgrading tunnel exiting systems to ensure an acceptable level of risk
- Evaluating case studies of past incidents, physical models and historical data: understanding the benefits of the qualitative risk model
- Assessing uncertainties associated with risk analysis and ensuring that typical sources of errors involved are correctly identified
- Alexandre Debs, Traffic Management Head
- Montréal, Transport Québec
- Understanding the specifics of both scenario based Specific Hazard Investigations (SHI) and system based Comparative Risk Analysis (CRA) and evaluating their relative value
- Pinpointing the specifics of using loss scenarios and identifying the many uses of scenario based risk analysis
- Successfully employing a scenario-based risk analysis to control loss activities and reduce or eliminate exposure
- Evaluating the advantages of applying a combined method of scenario and system based risk assessments
- Reflections on the accuracy of collected data and uncertainties of risk analysis methods: compared advantages and limitations of each type of methodology
- Donald. P. Bliss, Director, National Infrastructure Institute
- Center for Infrastructure Expertise
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