Algae For Fuel, Algal Oil, Biofuels, Biodiesel, Ethanol And The Future Of Petroleum And Green Energy


November 1, 2009
123 Pages - SKU: AMD2501499
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Please note - this report has been discounted
This research provides an overview on what could become one of the most significant technological and economic events of the early 21st century: turning algae into fuel, i.e. algal oil, on a commercial scale. If this feat is accomplished, and it’s not certain it will be, it will have dramatic, disruptive consequences to oil producers, oil refiners, ethanol, biodiesel and other biofuels producers, biotechnology companies, agricultural producers, consumers, motor vehicle makers, regulators, R&D activities and investors, among others.

However, from this change will come enormous opportunities, including less dependence on petroleum oil, more geopolitical independence, reductions in CO2 and global warming, technological advancements, very large, new industries and markets, and huge profits.

The report provides a review of algae in terms of biology, classifications, photosynthesis and applications and discusses algae for fuel in terms of its history, applications, cultivation technologies and R&D. Analysis of the algal oil market in terms of its advantages, challenges, production costs, scale-up, market opportunity and sector investments is given. The biofuels market in terms of technology generations, market drivers, industry consolidation, next generation technologies, fuel standards, winners/losers, government policies, the oil majors, capital costs and future outlook is discussed. An analysis of the biodiesel market as regards production technology, end use, global production, addressable market, feedstocks, market conditions, environmental controversies, jatropha oil and major players is given. An analysis of the ethanol market in terms of first, second and third generation technologies, food vs. fuel, global production, risks and opportunities, government incentives and major players is provided. Profiles of 56 major players in the algal oil market are given and 175 biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel companies and organizations are discussed.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Background
Methodology and Sources
Statistical Notes
MARKET OVERVIEW
Biofuels in Context
Technology Developments
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Petroleum Oil Market
Biodiesel Market
Ethanol Market
Ethanol and Biodiesel Market
Algal Oil Market
Algae Politics
Algal Oil Benchmarks
Algae Politics
Algal Oil First Mover Advantage
Algal Oil Sector Investments
Algal Oil Competitive Environment
Risks To The Future of Algal Oil
Other Biofuels Markets
Market Drivers
Future SupplyDemand Imbalances
Polyculture
Industry Consolidation
Next Generation Technology Themes
Food vs. Fuel
Biodiesel From Waste Feedstocks
Regional Biofuels
Alternate Fuels Mandates
Production Costs And Disruptive Technologies
Investment Themes
New, Cheaper Capacity
Alternatives To Yeast and Corn for Ethanol Production
Intellectual Property
Integration vs. Platform Companies
The Oil Majors
Distribution
Engines
Feedstocks
Land
Water Issues
Capacity and Capital Issues
Winners and Losers
Government Policies: US, Brazil, Europe, Asia Pacific
Subsidies
Politics
Optimistic Scenario
Companies/Organizations Discussed: ADM, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, DOA, DOE, Dow, DuPont, EIA, Environmental Protection Agency, ExxonMobil, Fulcrum BioEnergy, Monsanto, Nova Biosource Fuels, NRDC, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Origin Agritech Ltd, Petrobras, PetroChina, Sandia National Laboratories, Synthetic Genomics, The Andersons, Tyson, Valero, Verasun, Verenium, Weiming, ZeaChem
ALGAE
Algae Biology
Photosynthesis
Etymology and Study
Classification
Green algae
Red algae
Brown algae
Golden algae
Yellowgreen algae
Relationship To Higher Plants
Morphology
Symbiotic Algae
LifeCycle
Numbers of Species
Distribution
Locations
Uses
Agar
Alginates
Fertilizer
Fuel
Nutrition
Pollution Control
Pigments
Stabilizing Substances
ALGAE FOR FUEL
Background
History
Aquatic Species Program Recommendations
DARPA Initiative
Potential Algal Oil Fuels
Biodiesel
Bioalcohols
Biobutanol
Biogasoline
Jet Biofuels
Straight Vegetable Oil
Methane
Hydrogen
Algae Cultivation Overview
Siting
Strain Selection
Cultivation
Open Pond Systems
Raceway Ponds
Photobioreactors
Harvesting and Dewatering/Drying
Extraction
Conversion
Policy and Regulatory
System Integration
Algae Types For Algal Oil
Algae Growth Factors
Yields
Wastewater
Universities Research
Companies & Organizations Discussed: A2BE Carbon Capture, Air New Zealand, Algal Biomass Organization, Algaewheel, Algenol , Aquaflow, Aurora Biofuels , Bionomic, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Continental Airlines, Diversified Energy Corporation, Earthrise Farm , Green Flight International, Harbor Branch (Florida Atlantic University), International Air Transport Association, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MTU Aero Engines, NASA Glenn Research Center , National Algae Association, NREL, Sandia National Laboratories, Sapphire Energy, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Solazyme, Tecbio, UOP LLC , US Air Force Research Laboratory, Valcent Products, Virgin Atlantic, Wageningen UR, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
ALGAL OIL MARKET
Algae Advantages vs. Other Feedstocks
Yield Issues
Existing Refinery Infrastructure Utilization
Algae Challenges
Cost Concerns
Production Costs
ScaleUp
Process Challenges
Price of Oil
Market Opportunity
Market Projections
Sector Investments
First Mover Advantage
Competitive Environment
Prize Capital
Companies & Organizations Discussed: Dow, EESI, ExxonMobil, General Atomics, GreenFuel Technologies, Live Fuels, NREL, PetroAlgae, Seambiotic, Solix, University of New Hampshire, Synthetic Genomics
BIODIESEL MARKET OVERVIEW
Definition
Production Technologies
End Use
FirstGeneration Biodiesel Costs
Global Biodiesel Market
US Market
Feedstock Constraints
US Biodiesel Tax
Current Market Conditions
Multiple Feedstocks and Arbitrage Opportunities
Standards
Quality Issues
Environmental Controversies
Cloudpoint
Water Contamination
Major Biodiesel Players: US, Canada, Brazil, Europe
SecondGeneration Biodiesel Feedstocks
Jatropha Oil
Biomenthanol
Companies & Organizations Discussed:
ADM, Allegro Biodiesel Corporation, ASTM, BioPetrol Industries, Biox Corporation, BP, Bunge, Canadian BioEnergy Corporation, Cargill, Cargill Energy Paseo Biofuels, Caterpillar, ConocoPhillips, D1 Oils, Desmet Ballestra, EOP Biodiesel, Global Clean Energy Holdings, GreenHunter Biofuels, Homeland Energy Resources Development, INEOS, Innovation Fuels, John Deere, Mission Biofuels India Private Limited, Mission NewEnergy Limited, National Biodiesel Board, New Holland, Nova, Petrobras, Pure Biofuels Corp, REG, Rocky Mountain Biodiesel Consulting, Rothsay, SG Biofuels, Technology Alternatives Ltd, The Energy and Resources Institute, Tyson Foods
ETHANOL MARKET OVERVIEW
Definition
Technology Development
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
Cellulolysis (Biochemical Approach)
Gasification (Thermochemical Approach)
Cellulosic Ethanol and the Environment
ThirdGeneration
Food vs. Fuel
Renewable Fuel Standard
Global Mandates
Global Ethanol Production
US Production and Mandates
Risks And Opportunities
Margin Outlook
Transportation Issues
Yields, Process, Location and Cost Position
FirstGeneration Major Ethanol Players: US, Brazil, Europe
Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstocks and Government Incentives
SecondGeneration Bioethanol Players
Cellulosic Costs
Clean Technology
E85 Ethanol Blend Fuel
Biobutonol Alcohol
Biomenthanol
Companies & Organizations Discussed:
Abengoa Bioenergy, ALICO, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, American Energy Enterprises, Archer Daniels Midland Co., Aventine Renewable Energy, BioMCN, BlueFire Ethanol, BP, Bunge Alimentos, Cellulosic Ethanol LLC, Chrysler, Copersucar S.A., Cosan Group S/A, Coskata, Cristal Union, Danisco, DOE, DSM, DuPont, DuPont Danisco, Ensus Group, EPA, Ford, Genencor, General Motors, Gevo, Goldman Sachs, Greenfield Ethanol, Green Spirit Fuels Ltd., HR BioPetroleum, Husky Energy, ICM, INEOS Bio, Inifinity BioEnergy, Iogen Corporation, Jiangsu Lianhai Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Kajima, KL Process Design Group, Lake County Solid Waste Management District, Lignol Innovations, Marubeni, Mascoma, Mercedes, Michigan State University, Michigan Technological University, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Monsanto, Nippon Oil, Nissan, Novozymes, NRDC, NREL, Pacific Ethanol, POET, Powers Energy One, QTEROS, Range Fuels, Sapporo Breweries, Shell, Stora Enso North America, Suncor Energy, SunOpta, Syntec Biofuel, Tereos Group, Toray, Toyota, Tsukishima Kikai, University of Tennessee, VeraSun, VIASPACE, Verenium, ZeaChem 73
COMPANY PROFILES
A2BE Carbon Capture, LLC
Algae Floating Systems, Inc.
AlgaeLink N.V.
Algaewheel
Algenol
AlgoDyne Ethanol Energy Corporation
Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation Limited
Aquatic Energy, LLC
Aurora Biofuels
Bio Centric Energy, Inc.
Biofuel Advance Research & Development, LLC
Bionavitas, Inc.
Blue Marble Energy
Bodega Algae, LLC
BP plc
Centre d'Etude et de Valorisation des Algues (study centre for the valorization of algae)CEVA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)
Desert Sweet Biofuels
Diversified Energy Corporation
The Dow Chemical Company
Exxon Mobil Corporation
Fuel Bio Holdings, LLC
General Atomics
GS CleanTech Corporation
GreenFuel Technologies Corporation
Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc.
Green Star Products Inc.
HR Biopetroleum (Cellana)
Infinifuel Corporation
Ingrepro B.V. 30
Inventure Chemicals
Kai BioEnergy
Kent Bioenergy Corporation
Live Fuels Inc.
Missing Link Technology, LLC
New American Energy (Mighty Algae Biofuels)
Noritech Seaweed Biotechnologies Ltd.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
OriginOil, Inc.
PetroAlgae, Inc.
PetroSun Inc.
Renewable Energy Group, Inc.
Rentech, Inc.
RWE Corporation (Renewed World Energies)
SAIC
Sapphire Energy, Inc.
SBAE Industries nv/sa
Seambiotic Ltd.
Solazyme, Inc.
Solena Group
Solix Biofuels, Inc.
Synthetic Genomics Inc.
Trident Resources Corp.
UOP LLC
Valcent Products Inc.
XL Renewables
TABLES
Global Petroleum Production By Year (Volume/Value/Price): 20072020
Global Biodiesel Production By Year (Volume/Value/Price): 20072020
Global Ethanol Production By Year (Volume/Value/Price): 20072020
Global Algal Oil Production By Year (Volume/Value/Price): 20092014
US Renewable Fuel Standard By Fuel Type: 20082022
Commercialization Targets By Algae For Fuel Companies
Algal Oil Production Costs By Cost Component
Global Algae Fuel Price And Capacity Projections: 20092014
Capital Investments In Algae For Fuel Companies By Company
Global Ethanol Blending Mandates By Country
Global Biodiesel Production Volume By Region And Country: 20052017
US Biodiesel Production, Imports, Exports And Consumption Volume: 20012008
Global Oilseed Oil Production Volume And Biodiesel Equivalent Volume By Feedstock (Soybean/Rapeseed Oil/Palm Oil): 20072017
Impact of Various Biofuels Sources on Climate Change
Global Ethanol Production Volume By Region And Country:
20052017
FIGURES
Green Algae
Red Algae
Brown Algae
Golden Algae
Kelp
Properties of Common Fuels
Algae Efficiency
Comparison of Fuel Yield and Water Consumption by Fuel Type and Conversion Process
Algae Production Process